scholarly journals Some Ecological, Clinical and Epidemiological Characterisics of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Incidence in Irkutsk (1995 - 2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Mel'nikova ◽  
E. I. Andaev ◽  
A. Ya. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Archive Data ◽  
Activity Season

The results of archive data analysis of the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases in Irkutsk during 1995 - 2015, got from Irkutsk Regional Center for hygiene and epidemiological surveillance, are shown. During the examined period the percent of severe forms and lethal outcomes of the disease have risen. The severe forms came more often at the very beginning and at peak of ticks’ activity season. The number of alimentary TBE cases, illness of anti-TBE vaccinated persons and persons with professional risk of infection have increased in Pribaikalie during 1995 - 2015. The recurring TBE cases have been also recorded.

scholarly journals Human Infecting with Tick-Borne Diseases on the Territory of Irkutsk City: 25 Years of Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
O. V. Melnikova ◽  
V. M. Korzun ◽  
E. I. Andaev
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The City

Background. The existence of antropogenic foci of Ixodid tick-borne infections (TBI) have been registered on the territory of many cities during several last decades. The infected ticks’ biting occurs directly in urban conditions. There is a lot of publications devoted to ticks and their hosts studying in the urbanized landscapes, but much less data concerning human infecting after tick bite in these conditions.Аim – the comparative analysis of the cases of human infecting with TBI within the city limits and beyond, and determination the sites of infection risk on the territory of Irkutsk.Material and methods. The epidemiological investigation cases records from Irkutsk Regional Center for Hygiene and Epidemiological Surveillance have been analyzed: tick-borne encephalitis (TBE, n = 1607), ixodid tick-borne borrelioses (ITBB, n = 938) dated 1995–2019 and tick-borne rickettsiosis (TBR. n = 270) dated 2001–2019. Statistical analysis was computed in Microsoft Excel Software. The map of infecting sites is made in ArcGis Soft (ESRI, USA).Results. According to the patients reports, 281 of all registered TBI cases during period under the review, occurred within the city limits. There were 115 TBE cases (7.2% of all TBE cases registered among Irkutsk citizens), 139 ITBB (14.8%) and 27 TBR (10.0%). 86.5% of the patients associate their disease with tick bite. There are no valid linear trends in the dynamics of TBE and ITBB from 2001 (with available information on all three infections) up to the end of period under the review, but significant growth trend in TBR incidence. The groups of patients, infected within and beyond the city limits, differ in some ecological and demographical parameters and also in structure of TBI morbidity. Tree area groups with different risk level for TBI contracting have been determined in the city.Conclusion. Judging by the fact that TBI occurs annually on the territory of the city, it is likely that there are perennial anthropogenic foci within its boundaries, which must be identified and studied all of their components.

scholarly journals Risk assessment at work and prevention strategies on COVID-19 in Italy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248874
Author(s):  
Sergio Iavicoli ◽  
Fabio Boccuni ◽  
Giuliana Buresti ◽  
Diana Gagliardi ◽  
Benedetta Persechino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide, with considerable public health and socio-economic impacts that are seriously affecting health and safety of workers, as well as their employment stability. Italy was the first of many other western countries to implement extended containment measures. Health workers and others employed in essential sectors have continued their activity, reporting high infection rate with many fatalities. The epidemiological trend highlighted the importance of work as a substantial factor to consider both when implementing strategies aimed at containing the pandemic and shaping the lockdown mitigation strategy required for sustained economic recovery. To support the decision-making process, we have developed a strategy to predict the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 in the workplace based on the analysis of the working process and proximity between employees; risk of infection connected to the type of activity; involvement of third parties in the working processes and risk of social aggregation. We applied this approach to outline a risk index for each economic activity sector, with different levels of detail, also considering the impact on mobility of the working population. This method was implemented into the national epidemiological surveillance model in order to estimate the impact of re-activation of specific activities on the reproduction number. It has also been adopted by the national scientific committee set up by the Italian Government for action-oriented policy advice on the COVID-19 emergency in the post lockdown phase. This approach may play a key role for public health if associated with measures for risk mitigation in enterprises through strategies of business process re-engineering. Furthermore, it will make a contribution to reconsidering the organization of work, including also innovation and fostering the integration with the national occupational safety and health (OSH) system.

scholarly journals UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PASSING BAWAH SEPAKBOLA DENGAN ALAT BANTU

PHEDHERAL ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Richo David Christiawan ◽  
Budhi Satyawan ◽  
Tri Winarti Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Learning Aids ◽  
Valuation Technique ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Archive Data

<p>The purpose of this study is to improve learning outcomes passing under football using learning aids on students of class XI Automotive 2 SMK PGRI 1 Surakarta academic year 2017/2018.<br />This research is a classroom action research (PTK). Implemented in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of 2 meetings. The subjects of the study were students of class XI Automotive 2 SMK PGRI 1 Surakarta, amounting to 19 students consisting of 19 students son. Data source came from teachers, students and researchers. Data collection techniques are by observation and documentation or archive. Data validity test using triangulation valuation technique. Data analysis using quantitative descriptive technique using percentage technique to see trends that occur in learning activities.<br />The results of data analysis can be submitted as follows: learning outcomes passing under the soccer of students on Cycle I of 19 students the percentage completeness 68.42% or as many as 13 students have entered the criteria complete and in Cycle II increased to 84.21% or as many as 16 students while 3 other students have not completed with KKM 75, while the target of completeness set by the researcher is 80%.<br />The conclusion of this research is with the application of learning aids can improve learning outcomes passing under football in students of class XI Automotive 2 SMK PGRI 1 Surakarta.</p>

Development of a web-based epidemiological surveillance system with health system response for improving maternal and newborn health: Field-testing in Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tippawan Liabsuetrakul ◽  
Tagoon Prappre ◽  
Pakamas Pairot ◽  
Nurlisa Oumudee ◽  
Monir Islam
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Maternal And Newborn Health ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Automatic Data Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Surveillance systems are yet to be integrated with health information systems for improving the health of pregnant mothers and their newborns, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to develop a web-based epidemiological surveillance system for maternal and newborn health with integration of action-oriented responses and automatic data analysis with results presentations and to assess the system acceptance by nurses and doctors involved in various hospitals in southern Thailand. Freeware software and scripting languages were used. The system can be run on different platforms, and it is accessible via various electronic devices. Automatic data analysis with results presentations in the forms of graphs, tables and maps was part of the system. A multi-level security system was incorporated into the program. Most doctors and nurses involved in the study felt the system was easy to use and useful. This system can be integrated into country routine reporting system for monitoring maternal and newborn health and survival.

scholarly journals Modern features of the epidemic process of viral infections with aerosol transmission in Sumy oblast

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
N.G. Malysh ◽  
M.V. Matsyuk ◽  
A.V. Senchenko
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Measles Incidence

Viral infections with aerosol transmission are one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. Their relevance is due to the wide distribution and socio-medical consequences. To study the dynamics of the incidence of viral infections with aerosol transmission in Sumy Oblast, to determine the level of influence of social and natural factors on the intensity of the epidemic process. Data from the sectoral statistical reporting of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Sumy Regional Laboratory Center, the Main Department of Statistics in Sumy Oblast, Sumy Regional Center of Hydrometeorology were used. Epidemiological and statistical research methods were used. It was established that in Sumy Oblast the epidemic process of aerosol viral infections was characterized by a pronounced tendency to reduced incidence of influenza (Rinc.aver.= -6.2 %) and rubella (Rinc.aver.= -22.7 %), moderate reduction tendency ‒ to mumps (Rinc.aver = -2.4 %); high intensity with no reduction in incidence ‒ for other acute respiratory diseases (Rinc.aver = 0.2 %); a sharp increase in the incidence of measles (Rinc.aver.= 23.1 %). Coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 was found in 3% of the population. The average long-term rates of measles, rubella, and mumps vaccinations with MPR-1 and MPR-2 vaccines were 70.9 % and 61.2 %, respectively. An inverse correlation was established between air humidity, population, coefficients of natural and migratory movement and measles incidence (p<0.05). The system of epidemiological surveillance of infections of viral etiology with aerosol transmission requires new approaches to the development of preventive measures.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Do weather conditions influence the transmission of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Brasília and Manaus, Brazil?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Antonio Coelho Junior ◽  
Pedro Marques-Quinteiro ◽  
Cristiane Faiad
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Isolation Rate

The global outbreak of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) disease is affecting every part of human lives. Several researchers investigated to understand how temperature, humidity and air pollution had an influence on COVID-19 transmission. Transmission of COVID-19 due to temperature and humidity is a pertinent question. There is a lack of study of Covid-19 in tropical climate countries. This study aims to analyze the correlation between weather and Covid-19 pandemic in Brasília and Manaus, two states of Brazil. The research topic is important to know how the climate affects or predisposes the spread of COVID-19. This knowledge will provide elements to decision-makers regarding health and public health standards and decisions. This study employed a secondary data analysis of surveillance data of Covid-19 from the Ministry of Health of Brazil and weather from the National Institute of Meteorology of Brazil. These are Brazilian public organizations that, on a daily basis, record this information on a systematic basis of dates. They are central federal organizations, responsible for data analysis and public policy planning to combat Covid-19. The data are reliables and obtained from reliable government sources. We systematically record all information for 51 days, during a period of high disease growth in the country. The components of weather include low temperature (°C), high temperature (°C), temperature average (°C), humidity (%), and amount of rainfall (mm). Pearson-rank correlation test showed that high temperature (r=.643; p<.001), low temperature (r=.640; p<.001) and humidity (r=.248; p<.005) were significantly correlated with deaths caused by Covid-19 pandemic used for data analysis. Social isolation rate (β = -.254; p<.001) and daily record of new cases (β = .332; p<.001), with adjusted R-squared of .623, were the predictors of deaths acummuled by Covid-19. The finding serves as an input to reduce the incidence rate of Covid-19 in Brazil. Statistical results show evidence of the relationship between climate elements and COVID-19 indicators, such as the number of deaths, spread of contamination and social isolation rate. The study of dimensions of climate as a seasonal pattern and its relationship to COVID-19 benefits epidemiological surveillance. The more geographic spaces are known, more will help to understand the differences in disease behavior in different places. The results of this research showed that environmental conditions influence the contagion and speed of transmission of Covid-19. Policies that contribute to benefits to health and sustainability need to be planned. The contribution of climate and other factors, such as air pollution, for example, require additional studies. Environmental changes, such as climate change and biodiversity, must also be investigated for their impact on human health. Acting in prevention, including the promotion of socially acceptable behaviors on the part of the population, seems to be the best way to deal with Covid-19.

scholarly journals Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Type B ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION. Meningitis are the most common form of the nervous system infectious diseases. There are meningitis and/or encephalitis with bacterial and viral etiology. In epidemiological surveillance are highlighted meningitis and/or encephalitis caused by N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and tick-borne encephalitis virus. Because vaccinations against these agents are common. AIM OF THE STUDY. The aim of the study is to assess the epidemiological situation of meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The epidemiological situation of meningitis and encephalitis in Poland was assessed on data from the annual bulletin “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2017” and “Vaccinations in Poland in 2017”. (MP Czarkowski et al., Warsaw 2018, NIZP-PZH, GIS). RESULTS. In 2017 were registered 2 095 cases of meningitis and/or encephalitis in Poland. It means a 10.8% decrease in meningitis and/or encephalitis in Poland compared to 2016. With a general decrease in the number of infections of bacterial etiology, the number of cases of meningitis and/or encephalitis of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B cases reported remains at the same level similar to last year. In contrast, the number of cases of etiology of N. meningitidis shows an increase of 25.4% compared to the previous year. Among all cases 57.9% were viral infections. In comparison to 2016 means a decrease in the percentage share of viral infections by 1.2 percentage points for bacterial infections. Among laboratory confirmed cases of neuroinfection with established etiology, the incidence caused by Neisseria miningitidis (122 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae (171 cases) and tick-borne encephalitis (283 cases) are the most prevalent. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION. There is a general downward trend in the number of meningitis and/or encephalitis cases, which may be due to introducing mandatory vaccination against S. pneumoniae. It can also mean an improvement in diagnostics given the decrease in unspecified meningitis and/or encephalitis. However meningitis and/or encephalitis remain a challenge for healthcare and epidemiological surveillance institutions.

scholarly journals Problematic Aspects of the Evaluation of the Epidemiological Effectiveness of Vaccination against Tick-BORNE Encephalitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Penyevskaya ◽  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
S. A. Rudakova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccine Prophylaxis ◽  
Total Coverage

This review analyzes the methodological reasons for the heterogeneity of the results of the evaluation of the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccine prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) using indicators such as the efficiency coefficient (COEF) and the efficiency index (IEF), and their discrepancy with similar indicators of the immunological effectiveness of vaccines. It is shown that the calculation of COEF and IEF according to official statistical reporting is illegal in connection with the emergence of systematic errors of selection due to the impossibility of retrospective formation of compared groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated, comparable in risk of infection and disease. In addition, COEF and IEF do not allow to compare the efficiency of vaccination in different areas in physical and monetary units.Based on the analysis of the literature data on immunogenicity of modern vaccines against TBE, protective titer of antibodies and results of field tests of vaccine efficacy in the conditions of total coverage of the population with vaccinations, the authors conclude that the third generation vaccines against TBE protect against disease 95–98% of persons attacked by ticks. Algorithm for calculating the number of preventable cases of TBE diseases is proposed for a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of vaccination as an anti-epidemic measure in different areas.

scholarly journals Direct-Photography Observations by the 2 M RCC Telescope at Nao-Rozhen: Catalogue of Plates and Archive-Data Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
K.Y. Stavrev ◽  
I.S. Barzova
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
Archive Data

The 2m Ritchey-Chrétien-Coudé (RCC) telescope of the National Astronomical Observatory, situated in the Rozhen massif of the Rhodope Mountains, started operating in 1980 (for a detailed description of the telescope see Gutcke [1979]). Since then, 2000 direct photographs have been obtained, most of them covering a 1° × 1° area on the sky with resolution 12.9 sec/mm.

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