scholarly journals Problematic Aspects of the Evaluation of the Epidemiological Effectiveness of Vaccination against Tick-BORNE Encephalitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Penyevskaya ◽  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
S. A. Rudakova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccine Prophylaxis ◽  
Total Coverage

This review analyzes the methodological reasons for the heterogeneity of the results of the evaluation of the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccine prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) using indicators such as the efficiency coefficient (COEF) and the efficiency index (IEF), and their discrepancy with similar indicators of the immunological effectiveness of vaccines. It is shown that the calculation of COEF and IEF according to official statistical reporting is illegal in connection with the emergence of systematic errors of selection due to the impossibility of retrospective formation of compared groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated, comparable in risk of infection and disease. In addition, COEF and IEF do not allow to compare the efficiency of vaccination in different areas in physical and monetary units.Based on the analysis of the literature data on immunogenicity of modern vaccines against TBE, protective titer of antibodies and results of field tests of vaccine efficacy in the conditions of total coverage of the population with vaccinations, the authors conclude that the third generation vaccines against TBE protect against disease 95–98% of persons attacked by ticks. Algorithm for calculating the number of preventable cases of TBE diseases is proposed for a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of vaccination as an anti-epidemic measure in different areas.

scholarly journals Efficiency of growth-promoting and regulating agents in cultivation of miscanthus biomass in the conditions of the left-bank forest steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Katelevskyi ◽  
◽  
M. Ya. Humentyk ◽  
V. S. Bondar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Growth Promoting

The article presents the indicators of economic efficiency of growing miscanthus biomass for the production of solid biofuels. The energy efficiency coefficient is calculated as the ratio of energy input to energy output. The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of the use of plant growth-promoting and regulating products Vympel-K and Quantum-Gold in the cultivation of miscanthus biomass in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Results. Return on investments starts since the third year of harvesting. The gross income after the fourth vegetation season was 392 900 UAH per hectare. The highest energy efficiency index (4.2−4.4) calculated for the first-year harvest was in the following treatments: single and double dose of NPK, single and double treatment with Vympel-K. Profitability in these treatments was the highest and ranged from 345.3 to 341.4%. The proposed new component of cultivation technology − soaking the rhizomes before planting in the growth-regulating and promoting products Quantum Gold and Vympel-K is economically justified. The return on investments after the sale of the miscanthus biomass for the use of these techniques starts since the third year of cultivation.

scholarly journals The measurements results adjustment by the Least Square Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Samoilenko ◽  
Yurii Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Key Comparisons ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Free Case ◽  
Degrees Of Equivalence

The method for processing of the measurement results obtained from Comite International des Poids et Measures (CIPM) Key, Regional Metrology Organizations (RMO) or supplementary comparisons, from the proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons and the calibrations is proposed. It is named by authors as adjustment by least square method (LSM). Additive and multiplicative parameters for each measuring standard of every particular laboratory will be the results of this adjustment. As well as the parameters for each artifact. The parameters of the measurements standards are their additive and multiplicative degrees of equivalence from the comparison and the estimations of the systematic errors (biases) from calibrations. The parameters of the artifacts are the key comparisons reference value from the comparison and the assigned quantity values from the calibrations. The adjustment is considered as a way to solving a problem of processing the great amount of homogeneous measurements with many measuring standards at a different comparison levels (CIPM, RMO or supplementary), including connected problems. Four different cases of the adjustments are considered. The first one is a free case of adjustment. It was named so because of the fact that none of participants has any advantage except their uncertainties of measurements. The second one is a fixed case of adjustment. Measuring results of RMO and supplementary comparisons are rigidly linked to additive and multiplicative parameters of measuring standards of particular laboratories participated in CIPM key comparisons. The third one is a case of adjustment with dependent equations. This one is not so rigidly linked of the new comparisons results to previous or to some other comparisons as for fixed case. It means that the new results of comparisons are influenced by the known additive and multiplicative parameters and vice versa. The fourth one is a free case of adjustment with additional summary equations. In that case certain checking equations are added to the system of equations. So, the sum of parameters multiplied by their weights of all measurement standards for particular laboratories participated in comparisons should be equal to zero.

The comparative evaluation of the neurosurgery books used in Poland - theoretical foundation and study results

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pawlicka ◽  
Renata Tomaszewska ◽  
Wojciech Smuczyński ◽  
Maciej Śniegocki
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Textbook Evaluation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World

Abstract • Background: The aim of the study was to carry out comparative evaluation of the books used in Poland for teaching neurosurgery to undergraduates, and find the most valuable one. Comparative textbook evaluation has not been of great scientific interest in the country yet. • Methods: Based on the textbook functions theory and textbook evaluation forms created by other researchers, an entirely new textbook evaluation tool was created. The form checks if the desired functions are performed in a textbook. The tool was used to evaluate the books selected for the study. Altogether, there were 9 neurosurgery books and 3 reference books of different fields. Then, the study results were compared with the list of the books found valuable by several neurosurgery-teaching institutions in the world. • Results: It turned out that the best textbook amongst the studied ones was ‘Handbook of Neurosurgery’ by Greenberg. Schirmer’s ‘Neurochirurgie’ came second. ‘Zarys Neurochirurgii’ by Ząbek, which was the third best book, proved to be the most valuable textbook amongst the ones written by Polish authors. • Conclusions: Although Greenberg’s book scored the highest in the evaluation process and is the textbook that institutions choose and recommend the most often, there is still a lot to be done in order to make it serve all the desired textbook functions well. If the Polish neurosurgery textbooks were re-issued and modernised, they could compete with the most valued foreign books.

scholarly journals Adult Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua at high risk of severe disease caused by malaria

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. BAIRD ◽  
H. BASRI ◽  
P. WEINA ◽  
J. D. MAGUIRE ◽  
M. J. BARCUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
The Third ◽  
Endemic Malaria

Migrants from Java arrive in hyperendemic Papua, Indonesia lacking exposure to endemic malaria. We evaluated records of evacuation to hospital with a diagnosis of severe malaria from a transmigration village in northeastern Papua. During the first 30 months, 198 residents with severe disease were evacuated (7·5 evacuations/100 person-years). During this period the risk of evacuation for adults (>15 years of age) was 2·8. (95% CI=2·1–3·8; P<0·0001) relative to children, despite apparently equal exposure to risk of infection. Relative risk (RR) for adults was greatest during the first 6 months (RR>16; 95% CI[ges ]2·0–129; P=0·0009), and diminished during the second 6 months (RR=9·4; 95% CI=2·7–32·8; P<0·0001) and the third 6 months (RR=3·7; 95% CI=1·7–7·9; P=0·0004). During the next two 6-month intervals, the RR for adults was 1·6 and 1·5 (95% CI range 0·8–2·6; P<0·18). Adults lacking chronic exposure were far more likely to progress to severe disease compared to children during initial exposure, but not after chronic exposure to infection.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Temperaments of Charolais and Hungarian Grey Steers

2004 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
János Tőzsér ◽  
Andrea Szentléleki ◽  
Rita Zándoki ◽  
Katalin Maros ◽  
Zoltán Domokos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Score System ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speed Score ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Set Distance

Animal breeding increasingly lays claim to the theoretical and practical knowledge of applied ethology. The authors’ aim was to evaluate and compare the temperaments of Charolais (CH, n= 10) and Hungarian Grey (HG, n= 10) steers, and also to determine the correlation between their temperament scores and flight speed scores. Temperament was evaluated by the results of the scale test (assessing of behaviour in a 1-5 score system, while the animal is standing on a scale for 30 seconds) and flight speed test (minutes it takes the animal to move a set distance of 1.7 m when leaving the scale), on three occasions (1, 2, 3). Data management was done by SPSS.10 (ANOVA, Mann-Whitney-test, Spearman-correlation). Results of the scale test differed significantly between breeds at the third measurement (CH: 2,9 scores; HG: 1,4 scores; P<0,01) and when evaluating the three measurements together (CH: 2,0 scores; HG: 1,37 scores; P<0,05). Concerning of flight speed score, there were significant differences between breeds of steers at each measurement (1. measurement CH: 2,77 s; HG: 4,09 s; P<0,05; 2. measurement CH: 2,89 s; HG: 5,01 s; P<0,01; 3. measurement CH: 2,46 s; HG: 5,33 s; P<0,01) and overall (CH: 2,71 s; HG: 4,81 s; P<0,001). In the case of both breeds, evaluated by measurements and overall, a negative correlation was calculated between temperament score and flight speed score, but this was significant only in three cases: CH1 (n=10) r= -0,75; P<0,01; CH1+2+3 (n=30) r= -0,44; P<0,05; CH+HG1+2+3 (n=60) r= -0,33; P<0,01). Results indicate that Hungarian Grey steers are calmer than individuals of Charolais. Animals behaving calmer on the scale left the scale, more slowly. The authors propose the use of these temperament tests in Hungarian breeding practice, in order to select too temperament animals.

On-Line Monitoring to Detect Third-Party Damage on Underground Natural Gas Pipelines Using Accelerometer

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Young Nam ◽  
S.H. Choi ◽  
Jae Boong Choi ◽  
Young Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
The Third ◽  
Damage Monitoring ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Third Party

Even though an excavation is not under the direct control of the utility operators, it is the main cause of third-party damage on the underground natural gas pipelines. Since the damage due to third-party excavation may lead to horrible consequences, preventative techniques that can reduce the third-party damage are needed. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an on-line monitoring system using accelerometer to detect a propagating acoustic pressure pulse that is produced from the third-party damage. Also, in order to verify this system, the corresponding field tests were performed considering many third-party damage sources(breaker, hammer drilling, etc.) and signal transmission ratio of each source. From the tests, signals developed by the third-party damage sources were successfully detected with the digital filter, which can distinguish external noises at the distance of 13km. Therefore, it is expected that the system can be used as a useful tool for the third-party damage monitoring of underground natural gas pipelines

Comparison of standard horizontal geophones and newly designed horizontal detectors

Geophysics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1827-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sambuelli ◽  
G. P. Deidda ◽  
G. Albis ◽  
E. Giorcelli ◽  
G. Tristano
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Sh Wave ◽  
Sh Waves ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Better Than

To increase the speed and efficiency of shallow seismic SH‐wave data recording and to decrease acquisition costs, we have designed, constructed, and tested a new velocity tool that detects horizontal movements better than standard horizontal geophones. A comparative evaluation of significant characteristics and field performances of this new detector was conducted through laboratory and field tests on two sets of receivers: one consisting of 24 prototypes of the new detector and the other consisting of 24 standard horizontal geophones. Laboratory measurements revealed similar behaviors of impedance curves and geophone responses for the two types of detectors, but the impedance amplitudes and the frequency‐response amplitudes of the new detector were twice those of the standard geophones. However, comparison of the horizontal‐to‐vertical (response) ratios, proved that the new detector better discriminates (6 dB on average) between the horizontal and vertical excitements. Field data proved that the energy, the maximum amplitude in the trace, and the maximum reflected amplitude were always higher in the data recorded with the new detector, although only half the source energy was used. The extra cost and weight of the new detector should be outweighed by its advantages, such as higher sensitivity to horizontal motions, better energy efficiency, and greater cost effectiveness. When a wavefield can be interpreted as SH‐waves, SH‐wave records can be acquired without the traditional drawbacks such as acquiring two records in each shot position, preprocessing of each record, and the final trace‐to‐trace subtraction needed to produce a pure SH‐wave record.

Evaluation of Weed Emergence Model AlertInf for Maize in Soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Masin ◽  
Donato Loddo ◽  
Valentina Gasparini ◽  
Stefan Otto ◽  
Giuseppe Zanin
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
The Third ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Weed Emergence

AlertInf is a recently developed model to predict the daily emergence of three important weed species in maize cropped in northern Italy (common lambsquarters, johnsongrass, and velvetleaf). Its use can improve the effectiveness and sustainability of weed control, and there has been growing interest from farmers and advisors. However, there are two important limits to its use: the low number of weed species included and its applicability only to maize. Consequently, the aim of this study was to expand the AlertInf weed list and extend its use to soybean. The first objective was to add another two important weed species for spring-summer crops in Italy, barnyardgrass and large crabgrass. Given that maize and soybean have different canopy architectures that can influence the interrow microclimate, the second objective was to compare weed emergence in maize and soybean sown on the same date. The third objective was to evaluate if AlertInf was transferable to soybean without recalibration, thus saving time and money. Results showed that predictions made by AlertInf for all five species simulated in soybean were satisfactory, as shown by the high efficiency index (EF) values, and acceptable from a practical point of view. The fact that the algorithm used for estimating weed emergence in maize was also efficient for soybean, at least for crops grown in northeastern Italy with standard cultural practices, encourages further development of AlertInf and the spread of its use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document