scholarly journals Safety perceptions at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Emilia Bogacka
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Safety Perceptions ◽  
Photographic Documentation ◽  
Working From Home

Motives: The pandemic situation created unique opportunity to undertake research in the context of the changed living conditions of the population. Aim: The main purpose is to assess broadly understood safety perceptions at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The key research tool used was a survey questionnaire (270 respondents), complemented by observations in Poznań (Poland) and photographic documentation. Hometown was chosen due to imposed restrictions on movement. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed people’s life in many aspects and therefore affected perceived safety. Level of fear of the pandemic was varied and so was keeping up to date with information about the pandemic outcomes. Before the pandemic people felt safer in the analysed various places. Implication of the pandemic for everyday behaviour was significant, resulting e.g. in leaving home when it is absolutely necessary, working from home. Most of the imposed restrictions were rated positively.

Validation of Bicycle Level of Traffic Stress and Perceived Safety for Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-406
Author(s):  
Nicholas N. Ferenchak ◽  
Wesley E. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Stated Preferences ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Safety Perceptions ◽  
Adult Supervision ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Roadway Design

The level of traffic stress (LTS) methodology was developed to measure, track, and improve the suitability of bicycle networks. Thanks to the simplicity of its data needs and interpretation, LTS has been implemented by several states, regions, cities, non-profits, and researchers. However, relatively few validations of the methodology exist. There is a specific gap in relation to safety perceptions for children, an important group since it serves as the critical population for LTS 1. This study validates LTS using a survey of parents in Denver, Colorado, in which they are asked about perceived safety and biking allowance relative to roadway design characteristics. After the LTS score and biking allowance rates for 612 roadway scenarios are determined, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the suitability of LTS for children. Findings suggest that while LTS 1 and LTS 4 align well with stated preferences, parents told that their children would be able to tolerate some roadway conditions—when allowing for adult supervision—that are currently considered LTS 2 or even LTS 3. These scenarios are primarily on low-volume roadways that have bike lanes. By further refining LTS, it is hoped to ensure that all populations have access to safe and comfortable bicycle facilities.

scholarly journals Perceived Safety and Pedestrian Performance in Pedestrian Priority Streets (PPSs) in Seoul, Korea: A Virtual Reality Experiment and Trace Mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2501
Author(s):  
Haeryung Lee ◽  
Seung-Nam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Surface Design ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Trace Mapping ◽  
Post Hoc

Pedestrian Priority Street (PPS) project, launched to encourage safer and more convenient walking by improving the inferior pedestrian environment on narrow streets without sidewalks, is based on Monderman’s shared space concept. Similar to the shared space approach, PPS aims for mutual consideration between pedestrians and drivers and strives to create a pedestrian-friendly environment, but the project relies on a unique road surface design. Considering the two main goals of the PPS project, this study investigated how subjective safety and pedestrians’ movements differed by design types. To analyze safety perception, ordered Logit regression and post-hoc interviews were conducted with visual assessment survey using recorded VR (virtual reality) videos. Next, trace mapping and analysis were performed based on the video recordings to measure the degree of free walking. The results found that pedestrians perceived higher safety level in PPSs than in general back road. Further, the pedestrians moved more freely in the street with an integrated design. In other types, which suggested a pedestrian zone at the roadside, there was not much difference in behavior from the general back roads. Thus, the design principle of PPS, which does not set a boundary between pedestrian and vehicle area, should be observed to lead to behavioral changes in pedestrians.

scholarly journals Relationship of Democratic Coaching Style with Character Building of Student-Players

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmed Khaskheli ◽  
Muhammad Hashim Darya ◽  
Muhammad Akhlaque Memon
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Character Building ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Coaching Style

This examination study was conducted on the character building of students who are also players through democratic coaching style. The primary goal of the examination was to explore the connection of democratic conduct of coaching with the character building of the players. The study was carried out on Badminton players at the Sukkur region, Sindh. The student-players of 20 associated colleges (N=100) and 20 teaching departments (N=100) of Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur participated in the study. A survey questionnaire, as a research tool, was applied. The results show that the majority of student-players were of the view that there is a positive relationship between democratic conduct of coaching with the character building of the student players. The frequencies, percentages were differently found, which were significantly different from each other. The study recommended that the training and coaching programs for the character building of student-players should be arranged and tournaments like inter-school, inter-department, inter-collegiate, and inter-varsity be organized where the student-players be encouraged to participate, and the concerned coaches must focus on the character-building of the students along with the technical and tactical skills of the student-players.

scholarly journals Postrzeganie nieprawidłowości na rynku żywności przez młodych konsumentów

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Julita Szlachciuk ◽  
Olena Kulykovets ◽  
Natalia Przeździecka-Czyżewska
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Young Consumers ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Original Survey

The goal of the conducted research has been to analyze the behavior of young consumers in reference to observed food fraud on the market. The analysis is based on research conducted in November 2015 among 221 students aged 18–25. The criteria for participating in the research was buying food products. An original survey questionnaire, designed for the research, constituted the research tool. The result of the executed research is the identification of actions taken by consumers buying food products in a situation of irregularities on that market. The results indicate a need for popularizing consumer laws on the food market.

The effects of different types of trust on consumer perceptions of food safety

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food System ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Consumer Trust ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
Safety Perceptions ◽  
General Trust ◽  
Different Types

PurposeThe aim of this research is to empirically investigate how different types of trust relate to consumer perceptions of food safety.Design/methodology/approachAfter a review of trust literature this study classifies trust into three distinct types: supplier‐level specific trust, industry‐level specific trust and general trust. The direct and indirect relationships between three types of trust and consumer perceptions of food safety were studied through a survey of 1165 consumers from Beijing municipality, China using structural equation model as an analytical tool.FindingsThe results indicate that trust in manufacturers and trust in retailers are directly positively related to food safety perceptions. Trust in farmers is not directly related to food safety perceptions. Industry‐level specific trust is not related to food safety perceptions directly, but it is positively related to supplier‐level specific trust, which in turn is positively related to food safety perceptions. Finally, general trust has only a weak indirect positive effect through its effect on trust in food manufacturers.Practical implicationsThe results imply that consumer perceived safety of food products might be enhanced by improving consumer trust in manufacturers and trust in retailers. The results also suggest that food suppliers are more difficult to build consumer trust when industry‐level specific trust is low and declining. In addition, food suppliers also get potential benefits through influencing and improving industry‐level specific trust. At last, the results suggest that some concerns about food safety are related to individuals' world reviews and maybe beyond the control of the food system.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate the relationship between different types of specific trust in the context of food safety. Accordingly, it complements existing trust models and helps predict and explain how trust relates to food safety perceptions directly and indirectly through interactions between different types of trust.

Determinant of Internal Motivation for Work in Light of Results of Personal Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Teresa Myjak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Personal Research

The publication includes theoretical pondering concerning internal motivation for work and a discussion of own research results showing the relationship between the socio‑demographic characteristics of the individual (gender, age, place of residence, education, occupation and seniority) and selected factors that determine internal motivation for work. Among the aforementioned motivational factors were included: responsibility, self‑reliance, development, respect and decision‑making. The research was based on questionnaire techniques, and the research tool was a survey questionnaire. The results of the study were processed using the Excel and Statistica program. The research conclusions are presented in the empirical part of the work.

New Aspects in the Design of Electron Optical Magnification Systems

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Willem H.J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
Chromatic Aberrations ◽  
High Degree

Electron microscope design, and particularly the design of the imaging system, has reached a high degree of perfection. Present objective lenses perform up to their theoretical limit, while the whole imaging system, consisting of three or four lenses, provides very wide ranges of magnification and diffraction camera length with virtually no distortion of the image. Evolution of the electron microscope in to a routine research tool in which objects of steadily increasing thickness are investigated, has made it necessary for the designer to pay special attention to the chromatic aberrations of the magnification system (as distinct from the chromatic aberration of the objective lens). These chromatic aberrations cause edge un-sharpness of the image due to electrons which have suffered energy losses in the object.There exist two kinds of chromatic aberration of the magnification system; the chromatic change of magnification, characterized by the coefficient Cm, and the chromatic change of rotation given by Cp.

Relationship of Sense of Coherence to Other Psychosocial Indices

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Holmberg ◽  
Anders Thelin ◽  
Eva-Lena Stiernström
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
The Mean

Summary: The concept of “sense of coherence” (SOC) has been widely recognized since it was first introduced by Antonovsky. The originality and usefulness of the SOC scale and its relation to other psychosocial measures has been the subject of lively debate. The aim of this paper was to test for associations between SOC and work-related psychosocial factors (mainly the Job Demand-Control model), general living conditions, education, and social network factors. Cross-sectional data from a population-based sample of 1782 rural males from nine counties in Sweden were analyzed with a multiple regression technique. The subjects were occupationally active at inclusion and the mean age was 50 years (range 40-60). SOC was assessed with the original 29-item questionnaire. Psychosocial variables and lifestyle factors were assessed using questionnaires and structured interviews. The mean SOC among the subjects was 152.3 (standard deviation, 19.4). A strong negative correlation was found between SOC and job demand, whereas a positive correlation with job control was demonstrated. A positive correlation with general living conditions and with social support was also found. However, there was no correlation to education and occupation. Thus, SOC was shown to be strongly correlated to work-related psychosocial factors and social support, but independent of sociodemographic factors.

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