Production of Cubiform Crushed Stone is an Innovative Stage of Development of Building Materials Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 748 (5) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
I.D. USTINOV ◽  
◽  
A.D. SHULOYAKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Stage Of Development

scholarly journals Environmental and radiation assessment of construction materials in Tyumen

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Elena Viktorovna Zakharova ◽  
Elena Viktorovna Gaevaya ◽  
Leonid Nikolaevich Skipin ◽  
Svetlana Sergeevna Tarasova ◽  
Vasilyа Zinnurovna Burlaenko
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Natural Activity ◽  
Effective Activity

The current pace of construction leads to the use of large volumes of construction raw materials, which must meet the regulatory indicators, including radiation. High levels of natural radionuclide activity, both in construction and finishing materials, affect changes in the gamma radiation indicators in the premises, which can negatively affect the health of people living in such facilities. Ecological and radiation assessment of building materials for the content of natural radionuclides showed an increased natural activity of potassium-40. The maximum activity values were observed in samples of bricks and expanded clay, where they were 799,0 and 622,0 Bq/kg, respectively. The lowest specific activity of natural potassium was observed in the crushed stone sample (21,3 Bq/kg). The specific activity of thorium-232 in building materials ranged from 2,1 to 53,3 Bq/kg. The activity of radium-226 in all the studied samples ranged from 4,4 Bq/kg (crushed stone) to 55,6 Bq/kg (cement). The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in the studied building materials does not exceed the standard values (370 Bq/kg), therefore, they can be used in all types of construction and reconstruction.

scholarly journals Investigation of the dispersed composition of dust of inert materials exposed to overload in the manufacture of building materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022083
Author(s):  
B Meskhi ◽  
A Evtushenko ◽  
Yu Startseva ◽  
A Cherhushenko ◽  
A Sakharova
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Dust Content ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Intense Emission

Abstract At enterprises for the manufacture of building materials, when pouring bulk components, there is an intense emission of dust into the air of the working area of the room. The article presents the results of the dispersed analysis of dust when pouring cement, crushed stone, silicate bricks and chalk, and the integral functions of the distribution of dust particles by diameter are constructed. According to the criteria of Lyashchenko and Reynolds, the results of the sedimentation rate of dust particles were theoretically obtained. Measures are given to reduce the dust content of the air in the working area of the shop.

Use of Clayish Crushed Stone for Production of Aerated Concrete

2006 ◽  
Vol 302-303 ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
You Zhi Chen ◽  
Fang Xian Li ◽  
Bing Bo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
New Type ◽  
Aerated Concrete

Aerated concrete is a new type of building materials. Clayish crushed stones are regarded as solid waste disposals in China. This paper reports the research outcomes of an experimental study on using clayish crushed stone for the production of aerated concretes of B05 and B06 grade. Hydro-thermal synthesis reaction, mixing proportions, gas-forming and their influences on the concrete performance are investigated. Proper mixing proportions and some important technical parameters are proposed for material design. The microstructure of aerated concrete made with clayish crush stone is analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the hydration products of clayish aerated concrete are composed of poor crystallized C-S-H (B), blade- and needle-shaped Tobermorite and a small amount of granular Hydrogarnet. A homogeneous and densified microstructure was obtained in the aerated concretes with negligible amount of clay after the hydro-thermal reaction in the mixture.

Modern Building Materials Using Waste from the Dismantling of Buildings and Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 1016-1023
Author(s):  
L.L. Maslennikova ◽  
N.A. Babak ◽  
I.A. Naginskii
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cement Binder ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Modern Building

In this article the possibility of using construction waste (including waste of dismantling of buildings) when receiving building ceramics, heat-resistant materials based on liquid glass and materials based on natural hardening cement binder is considered. The purpose of study was development of building materials compositions made with using of secondary crushed stone screening HYPERLINK "https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=2400068_1_2&s1=%EE%F2%F1%E5%E2" of dismantling of buildings for various purposes, which would suit all state standards. Also these materials would have some improved physical-mechanical characteristics and would be more eco-friendly. Optimum compositions of materials made with use of building mineral waste and physical-mechanical characteristics of received materials are given. For research of waste structure and synthesizable materials structure X-ray phase, differential-thermal methods of analysis and grain size measurements were used. The geological-ecological evaluation of secondary crushed stone screening use efficiency in developed technologies is given.

scholarly journals Research of stress-deformed state of the rammed monolithic reinforced concrete cone-shaped piles with side and bottom forms from crushed stones

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-356
Author(s):  
Elvira R. Kuzhakhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Driven Piles ◽  
Pile Design ◽  
Deformed State ◽  
External Loads

Relevance. In the construction of buildings and structures, driven piles with a square cross section are most widely used. To install them in the working position, the percussion method is used. However, in cramped conditions, shock loads can lead to dangerous conditions and destruction of structures of nearby buildings. In such a situation, it is necessary to use rammed piles, since technological solutions for their construction are not associated with shock effects on the soil. One such solution is the new rammed cone-shaped pile design, which is installed without excavation. The aim of the study is to analyze the influence of the geometric parameters of the pile on its bearing capacity under the action of external loads, in particular, the angle of its taper. Methods. The results of a numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of a pile operating in a soil massif were obtained by the finite element method. Results. In the computational study, a comparative analysis of the state of piles of different lengths and geometries under the action of external loads was carried out. The influence of the angle of inclination of the lateral surface of the pile on its bearing capacity is considered. Rationalization of the pile design was carried out taking into account the total costs of building materials. Variants of geometric and design solutions for piles with a length L from 1 to 10 m are proposed. In subsequent articles, it is proposed to consider the effect on the bearing capacity of the pile of the geometric parameters of the crushed stone shell and the lower crushed stone spherical expansion, as well as to carry out a comparative analysis of the numerical results with experimental data obtained in laboratory and field conditions.

scholarly journals Substantiation of resource-saving technology when mining the deposits for the production of crushed-stone products

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Oleksii Cherniaiev ◽  
Artem Pavlychenko ◽  
Oleksandr Romanenko ◽  
Yurii Vovk
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Maximum Depth ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Depth ◽  
Sustainable Operation ◽  
Internal Dumping

Purpose. Scientific substantiation of the expedient depth of mining the non-metallic deposits of rocky minerals on the basis of mathematical and statistical methods, which will ensure resource-saving and rational use of natural resources. Methods. To solve the purpose set, the following methods are used: graphical-analytical – when optimizing the maximum depth of mining the deposits of building materials, and the method of mathematical modeling – for determining the maximum depth of mining the non-metallic deposits with internal dumping. By means of statistical processing according to systematized types of deposits, the patterns of a change in the maximum depth of mining the basic deposits, depending on the main parameters of the quarry field, have been studied. Findings. A new methodology, which is distinguished by taking into account in-pit dumping, has been developed for calculating the maximum depth of granite quarries, which most of all influences the efficiency of mining operations and the value of economic indicators while ensuring the maximum economic effect with the achievement of a rational maximum depth of mining the deposit. A new, theoretically substantiated methodology has been created for determining the maximum depth of mining the mineral deposits for the production of crushed-stone products while providing the resource- and land-saving during the quarry operation. Originality. For the first time for these deposits, the dependence of their maximum mining depth on the main parameters of the quarry field and the place of internal dumping of overburden rocks has been determined. This has become a determining factor in the appropriate mining of deep non-metallic deposits of building materials with internal dumping, which provides a minimal land disturbance. Practical implications. The research results have been tested and implemented in working projects for mining the Liubymivske, Chaplynske, Pervomaiske, Mykytivske, Trykratske and Novoukrainske granite deposits; as a result of additional mining of mineral reserves, their additional increment in the volume from 1 to 48 million m3 is possible, which will ensure 5-40 years of sustainable operation of the mining enterprise.

scholarly journals PRACTICAL USE OF NONMETALLIFEROUS RAW MATERIALS COPPER-NICKEL DEPOSITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Liudmila I. Khudyakova ◽  
Svetlana S. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Large Aggregate ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Nickel Deposits

Aim.Copper-nickel deposits are located all over the world. A large amount of nonmetalliferous raw materials is formed, when they are developed. It moves into dumps and creates environmental risks for the environment. In the dumps magnesium-containing rocks prevail, which must be disposed of. The purpose of the work is to study the possibility of their use in the production of building materials.Methods.The chemical analysis was carried out by gravimetry, photometry, and atomic-absorption spectroscopy. The mineral composition was studied using X-ray phase analysis. The mechanical parameters were determined on a test hydraulic press.Results.It is established that the crushed stone from magnesiumbearing rocks is of high quality and can be used as a large aggregate in the production of concretes. It is shown that the concrete, containing crushed stone from ultrabasic rocks - verlites show the most compression strength. The lowest values has ordinary concrete on granite crushed stone. The type of hardening conditions also affects the strength of the resulting material. Sand from the sifting of crushing rock mass has angular shape of the grains and a mineral composition as in the parent rock. This contributes to the design of a dense structure of concrete stone, which increases its strength by more than 10%.Main conclusions.The use non-metalliferous raw materials will reduce the volumes of waste rock formed during the development of mineral deposits. In this case, it is possible to obtain a finished commodity product - crushed stone from magnesium-containing rocks and sand from their crushing. This will solve environmental, economic problems, as well as produce the necessary building materials for their own needs.

FEATURES OF ASPHALT COVERING DESIGNFOREST ROADS IN THE NORTHERN AND OF THE POLARURALS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Akhtyamov ◽  
◽  
I.N. Kruchinin ◽  
E.I. Kruchinina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Road Building ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Expanded Vermiculite ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt

The main tasks of improving the crushed stone-mastic coatings of forest timber highways through the use of innovative road-building materials are considered. Such roads are characterized by the use of materials capable of meeting the basic requirements for transport and operational conditions in difficult natural and climatic conditions. The known road building materials are distinguished by the instability of their physical and mechanical properties. This causes significant difficulties both in the design and in the operation of forest timber roads made of these materials. Despite the complex of experimental studies carried out, the task of developing road coatings with adjustable performance properties remains unfulfilled. Thus, the developed method of designing the grain composition of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete pavements of forest roads, with new transport and operational parameters, taking into account the operating conditions, which determined the purpose of this work, will help to solve the problem. The aim of the research was to develop methods for creating crushed-night-mastic asphalt concrete pavements of forest timber roads, using a heat stabilizing additive from expanded vermiculite sand. In this work, the problem of assessing the degree of influence of the addition of sand from expanded vermiculite on the quality indicators of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete coatings of forest timber roads was solved. The results of the work were the creation of a formulation of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete with a heat-stabilizing additive from expanded vermulite of fraction from 0.5 to 1.0 mm. Taking into account the sufficient adequacy of experimental research, the results of the selection of the mixture can be recommended for use in the practice of building forest timber roads for I and II road-climatic zones.

Scanning electron microscopy of asbestos-containing material where the asbestos fibers are considered locked in a binder

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
J. R. Millette ◽  
R. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Binder Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has labeled as “friable” those building materials that are likely to readily release fibers. Friable materials when dry, can easily be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder using hand pressure. Other asbestos containing building materials (ACBM) where the asbestos fibers are in a matrix of cement or bituminous or resinous binders are considered non-friable. However, when subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting or other forms of abrasion, these non-friable materials are to be treated as friable asbestos material. There has been a hypothesis that all raw asbestos fibers are encapsulated in solvents and binders and are not released as individual fibers if the material is cut or abraded. Examination of a number of different types of non-friable materials under the SEM show that after cutting or abrasion, tuffs or bundles of fibers are evident on the surfaces of the materials. When these tuffs or bundles are examined, they are shown to contain asbestos fibers which are free from binder material. These free fibers may be released into the air upon further cutting or abrasion.

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