scholarly journals ADAPTIVE CAPACITIES OF OATS VARIETIES OF OMSK AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE SELECTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
P. N. Nikolaev ◽  
O. A. Iusova ◽  
V. S. Vasiukevich ◽  
N. I. Aniskov ◽  
I. V. Safonova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Degree

Adaptibility, plasticity, stability and stress resistance of the oats variety are seen as significant for obtaining stable oat yields with high grain quality. The research aims at assessment of the adaptive capacities of oat varieties selected at Omsk Agricultural Research Centre. The assessment was carried out by means of statistical parameters calculated on the basis of protein concentration in the grain. The experiment was conducted in 2011-2016 on the experimental fields of Omsk Agricultural Research Centre which is located in the southern forest-steppe of Omsk. Protein concentration in the oat grains averaged 11.2% in chaffy varieties and 16.2% in huskless varieties. Following S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell assessment, such varieties as Orion, Irtysh 13, Irtysh 21, Irtysh 23, Tarskiy 2, Fakel and Sibirskiy Gerkules combined high stability and response to better environmental conditions. Sibirskiy golozernyy, Progress, Skakun and Levsha varieties are characterized as varieties that responded to the conditions of cultivation (following S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell the coefficient of linear regression was 1.06 ÷ 1.72; according to V.A. Dragavtsev the coefficient of multiplicity varied from 2.05 to 2.60). The authors observed high resistant varieties (-1.60 ÷ -2.47) as Pamyati Bogachkova, Irtysh 13, Irtysh 23, Tarskiy 2, Skakun and Irtysh 21. Levsha, Sibirskiy golosernyy and Progress varieties were characterized by high degree of correspondence between environmental factors and genotype (according to A.A. Rossielle and J. Hemblin, compensatory capacity was 15.02 ÷ 16.32). Levsha, Sibirskiy golozernyy and Progress varieties refer to plasticity varieties (according to A.A. Gryaznov) and the index of environmental plasticity was 1.26 ÷ 1.36; Levsha, Sibirskiy golozernyy and Progress varieties refer to adaptive varieties (according to A.A. Zhivotkov) and their index of adaptivity varied from 126 to 136%. The authors recommend to include glumiferous varieties Sibirskiy golozernyy, Progress, Levsha, Irtysh 23, Orion, Tarskiy 2 (rank sum is 29.0 ÷ 40.0) and huskless variety Levsha (rank sum is 47.0) into the selection and breeding programs and cultivating them in Western Siberia.   

scholarly journals Correlation between productivity and grain quality of spring durum wheat and meteorological factors in the southern forest-steppe of the Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
М. G. Evdokimov ◽  
V. S. Yusov ◽  
I. V. Pakhotina
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Negative Dependence ◽  
Protein Percentage

The purpose of the current study was to identify the effect of meteorological factors on productivity and grain quality indicators of spring durum wheat in the conditions of Western Siberia. The research was carried out in the FSBSI “Omsk Agricultural Research Center” in 1981-2019. The object of the study was the durum spring wheat variety ‘Almaz', which was tested in the nurseries of the Competitive Variety Testing according to such traits as productivity, nature weight, hardness of grain, protein and gluten percentage, IDK, pasta color. The average productivity through the years of study was 2.51 t/ha, the differences between indicators in the unfavorable (1.54 t/ha) and favorable (3.48 t/ha) years were 1.94 t/ha. The grain nature weight in the years with good humidity was on 22g/l larger than in the arid years, the hardness of grain was on 5% larger. The protein and gluten percentage, the pasta color value was larger in the unfavorable climatic years (on 1.60%, 4.3%, 0.2 points, respectively), compared with favorable ones. There has been found that the productivity was positively associated with the precipitation in May and the 1st decade of July, relative humidity in May and June; there was established a negative correlation with air temperature in June. The nature weight of grain had a negative dependence on precipitation (1st and 2nd decades) and relative humidity in August for all decades. The hardness of grain was positively affected by temperature in May and precipitation in July (1st decade). The protein percentage in grain was negatively affected with precipitation and relative air humidity in May, June and July (1st and 3rd decades). Average daily temperatures in May and July had a positive effect on the protein percentage in grain. The gluten percentage had a positive correlation with the temperature in May and in the third decade of July. A negative dependence of this indicator was established with precipitation in May, June and the 3rd decade of July, with the relative humidity in May, June, July (1st and 3rd decades), August (3rd decade). The pasta color was negatively dependent on precipitation and relative humidity in July (3rd decade) and August (1-2nd decades).

scholarly journals Source material in selection of spring durum wheat for conditions of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
V. S. Yusov ◽  
M. N. Kir’yakova ◽  
M. G. Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
High Productivity

The genetic diversity of the world gene pool of collecting samples from the Federal Research Centre of All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR) was studied in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. N.I. Vavilov (VIR) by economically valuable traits and grain quality. The study was conducted in four stages as the gene pool became available: 2000-2003, 2007-2008, 2009-2012, 2019-2020. A total of 186 samples were studied. The following varieties recommended by the State Commission of the Russian Federation were used as standards: Altai Niva, Omskaya Amber, Zhemchuzhina Sibiri. Sowing was carried out on May 1516 by fallow in the specialised crop rotation of the durum wheat breeding laboratory of the Omsk Research Center. The material received in the first year was studied in plots with an area of 0.25 m2, and in subsequent years 3 m2. Agroclimatic conditions varied from favourable to contrasting temperature and water regimes. In studies of durum wheat samples from the VIR collection of different origins, sources were identified according to their economic value. Of the diversity, only a small part (10%) is of breeding interest and can be used in hybridisation. The sources of high productivity may be the samples k-59881, k-59888, k-60388, k-60364, k-60366, k-60413, k-61303, k-62657, k-62658, k-63126, k-63160, k-64353, k-64355, k-6386, k-64953, k-61619, k-63821, Sladunitsa, k-66887, k-66886, k-66293, k-66294, k-66519, k-66675, k-64488. In terms of grain quality the following crops stood out: k-59881, k-59889, k-60388, k-60364, k-61117, k-61650, k-62657, k-64353, k-64354, k-64355, k-6386, k-17985, k-63821, Sladunitsa, Iride, k-60410. As sources of resistance to stem rust, we offer k-6386, k-6662, k-46983, k-60410, Iride, k-65353, k-65733, k-65734. According to the complex of traits (high productivity, grain quality and resistance to diseases) are of breeding value samples k-59881 (Russia), k-6386 (Georgia), k-65734 (Syria), Sladunitsa (Ukraine) and Iride (Italy).

SCREENING OF SOFT WHEAT VARIETY OF KASIB NURSERY TO THE BROWN AND STEBLE MILDEW IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Владимир Шаманин ◽  
Vladimir Shamanin ◽  
Инна Потоцкая ◽  
Inna Potockaya ◽  
Олег Кузьмин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Set Up

In connection with climate warming and, consequently, the deterioration of phytopathological situation, associated with the emergence of aggressive races of fungal diseases, as well as the cultivation of susceptible varieties on the main wheat sowing area in Western Siberia, it is important to expand the genotypic variety of wheat varieties and to search for new sources of long-term sustainability. The results of the assessment of spring soft wheat varieties of the KASIB breeding nursery, set up jointly by the scientific institutions of Western Siberia, Kazakhstan and CIMMYT International Center for the Improvement of Corn and Wheat are presented in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of West Siberia. The research was conducted in 2011-2016, using field and laboratory methods. The results of the assessment of susceptibility of KASIB varieties to brown and stem rust have shown, that varieties with high resistance prevail among resistant varieties in all phases of plant development, which indicates targeted selection for immunity with genes of race-specific and age resistance. The use of cluster analysis made it possible to identify significant differences in productivity and resistance to rust diseases of the varieties of KASIB program. Wheat varieties from KASIB are underlined: 14, 15 - Lutestsens 141/03-2 and Sigma (SibNIISKh), from KASIB nursery 16, 17 - Erytrospermum 85-08 (Omsk SAU), Lutestsens 6/04-4 and Lutestsens 186/04- 61 (SibNIISKh), resistant to brown and stem rust, exceeding in terms of yield standards, which are recommended to be used as a starting material for wheat selection in Western Siberia.

scholarly journals Influence of inoculation on photosynthesis and symbiotic parameters of pea and its crop yield in the conditions of the southern forest steppe of Western Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
A. S. Kiselev ◽  
N. A. Popolzukhina ◽  
P. V. Popolzukhin ◽  
Iu. Iu. Parshutkin ◽  
A. A. Gaidar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Positive Effect

The paper highlights the effect of inoculation by means of biological specimens on formation of photosynthetic parameters, nodule-forming capacities and yield of pea grain. The authors reveal the varieties which mostly respond to the tillage, effective specimens and methods of their application. The researchers explored two varieties of pea as Omskiy 9 and Omskiy 18 and two biological specimens (risotorphine and ruminatine). The study was conducted in the experimental fields of Omsk agricultural research center in 2016-2017 in the following variants: control (without inoculation), inoculation by means of  risotorphine, inoculation by ruminatine and combined tillage. The researchers observed different meteorological conditions during the research. The experiments and calculations of the experimental data were carried out by means of general methodics. The positive effect of inoculation on increasing of such parameters as leaf surface index and photosynthetic potential is observed. Active symbiotic potential, number and weight of nodules rhizosphere of pea had a maximum value when being treated by biospecimen ruminatine and combined inoculation of seeds by risotorphine and ruminatine. The authors highlight significant positive relationship between photosynthetic and active symbiotic potential. Inoculation influenced the yield of pea varieties in a different way in the years of research. The results of variance analysis showed that conditions of experiment influenced the yield of varieties – 34.4 %, the proportion of inoculation effect was 25.0 % and genotype – 17,3 %. Omsk 18 variety was characterized by the highest rates of photosynthetic and symbiotic activity. Seed treatment with ruminatine and combined inoculation with risotorphine and ruminatine have impact when growing pea in the conditions of southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

scholarly journals The use of NDVI to determine the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants in the Stavropol Territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (12) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
I. STORCHAK ◽  
I. V. Chernova ◽  
F. Eroshenko ◽  
Tatiana Voloshenkova ◽  
Elena Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Federal State

Abstract. Lack of nitrogen leads to a decrease in yield and grain quality in winter wheat plants. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor nitrogen nutrition throughout the period of growth and development of plants, which will quickly assess the need for fertilizing to obtain high yields of quality grain. Therefore, the aim of the study was to establish the possibility of using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to control the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants in the Stavropol territory. Methods. The work was performed in federal state budgetary scientific institution “North-Caucasian Federal Agricultural Research Centre” at the production of winter crops. Selection of plant samples (sheaf material) was carried out according to the generally accepted method. Repeated – 4x. Determination of the chemical composition of plant organs was carried out by the method of V. T. Kurkaev with co-authors, and the content of chlorophyll – Milaeva and Primak. Results. Since the quality of winter wheat grain directly depends on the nitrogen supply of plants, the relationships between the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants and the values of the vegetation index NDVI were studied. High correlation coefficients between these indicators are obtained. Thus, the average of Rcorr fields.in 2012 it was equal to –0.89, and in 2013 and 2014 –0.82. In addition, due to the dependence of nitrogen content on the amount of chlorophyll, it was possible to analyze the correlation between these indicators and NDVI fields, which showed that a stable relationship (inverse) is observed in the case of the amount of chlorophyll per unit biomass (mg/g), which is estimated on average at –0.79. The interrelation between grain quality and earth remote sensing data is revealed. It is most clearly seen in the case of the maximum and average NDVI for the period from the resumption of spring vegetation to full ripeness of winter wheat. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of unstable humidification of the Stavropol territory, a high inverse correlation between the vegetation index NDVI and the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants was determined, which on average is estimated by the correlation coefficient equal to –0.84.

Pollen viability and fertility of species from genus Hemerocallis L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-309
Author(s):  
L. R. Cheltygmasheva
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
High Degree

The work presents the results of determining the pollen viability and fertility of three species from genusHemerocallis in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. It was noted that H. middendorfii has the most viable pollen,while its value is quite low and amounts to only 5 %. In other species, the maximum value of this indicator varies from 1.9% (H. citrina) to 4.6 % (H. fulva). It was established that the pollen of studied species has a rather high degree of fertilityand takes values from 50.8–56.2 % of H. fulva to 93.4–95.7 % of H. middendorfii.

scholarly journals The study of indices of the relative and absolute protein percentage in the winter bread wheat grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
O A Nekrasova ◽  
N S Kravchenko ◽  
E I Nekrasov
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate the relative and absolute protein content in winter wheat grains, to determine the samples that have the maximum values of the studied traits, and to use the selected genotypes in breeding programs. The trials of the winter bread wheat varieties, sown after maize for grain were carried out in 2018-2020. The objects of the study were 13 winter bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The current research established that when selecting parental varieties for crossing to improve grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties, there should be chosen the forms with the highest relative and absolute protein percentage in grain. These genotypes include Don 107, Ermak and Lidiya, whose relative protein percentage in grain was 12.96%, 13.01% and 13.06% respectively. The varieties Don 107, Ermak, Lidiya, Volnitsa and Zhavoronok were characterized by the maximum absolute protein percentage in grain with 5.43 g, 5.62 g, 5.57 g, 5.56 g and 5.54 g respectively. The 1000 grain weight of these varieties averaged 42.1 g (Don 107), 43.6 g (Ermak), 43.1 g (Lidiya), 43.5 g (Volnitsa) and 44.5 g (Zhavoronok).

scholarly journals Identification of valuable varieties of oats for food purposes in the conditions of the South of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Ignatieva ◽  
I.V. Pakhotina
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
The South ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fine Grain

The article presents the results of a study of samples of glumaceous and hulless oat grown in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia for cereal properties. The features of assessing the quality of grain of various forms of oat are considered. The research was carried out in the grain quality laboratory of the Omsk ARC in 2018-2020. It was found that hulless forms of oat had an advantage in terms of protein content in grain, nature and yield of cereals in comparison with glumaceous varieties. The glumaceous samples formed a yield 29.6% higher than the hulless ones, and were also distinguished by a lower content of fine grain and a higher weight of 1000 grains. High variation coefficients were determined for the protein content in the grain, the nature and weight of 1000 grains. Correlation analysis revealed a close dependence of the yield of cereal on the nature of the grain, its size and the content of glumas for glumeacous forms, and for hulless with the nature of grain. The glumeacous varieties Uran and Mutika 1178 and hulless Tarsky golozerny, Inermis 1194 and 1189 are recommended for the production of high-quality cereals in the conditions of the South of Western Siberia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of yield traits in some primitive wheat genotypes to ensure sustainability of wheat production

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Maysoun Mohamad Saleh ◽  
Fariza Alsarhan Alsarhan
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Superior Genotypes

Study was conducted at Al-Raqqa Research Centre in The General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research in Syria during the growing seasons 2011/2012. Eight primitive wheat genotypes and two local cultivated varieties were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications, yield components (number of fertile tillers, number and weight of grains per spike and weight of thousand grain) were studied. Results showed that the genotype Persian 64 was significantly superior in three traits of yield components (number of fertile tillers, number and weight of grains per spike) comparing to the check sham5, and also the genotype Polish 194 was significantly superior in weight of thousand grain comparing to both checks sham3 and sham5 (53.12, 40.80, 40.02) g respectively with an increase rate 30.20% and 32.73% comparing to both checks sham3 and sham5 respectively. It is recommended to use the superior genotypes in breeding programs to ensure the sustainability of wheat production.

scholarly journals New sources of powdery mildew resistance among winter bread wheat for adjusting the breeding immunological programs in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Т. G. Derova ◽  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
О. S. Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Systematic work on the development of winter wheat varieties possessing resistance to a complex of the most harmful diseases has been carried out in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” since the early 1970s. During this period, there has been created a large number of varieties that possess resistance to 3–4 diseases in conditions of infectious backgrounds of pathogens. Due to the analysis of varieties, there was identified a small number of varieties resistant to powdery mildew. Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer, annually occurs on wheat, affecting all aboveground plant organs. Earlier the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” developed and widely cultivated the medium-resistant varieties ‘Tanais’ (2006), ‘Nakhodka’ (2015), ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Lilit’ (2016), ‘Volnitsa’ (2017), ‘Polina’, Yubiley Dona’ , ‘Podarok Krymu’ (2018), ‘Niva Dona’ (2019). In recent years, breeders have developed such varieties with high resistance to the pathogen as ‘Donskaya Step’ (2016), ‘Premiera’, ‘Univer’ (2018), ‘Priazovye’, ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (2020). But the breeding process of varieties for resistance to powdery mildew is difficult, since it is explained by the small number of effective resistance genes and their sources. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to identify new sources of resistance to the pathogen. Under the conditions of artificial infection, during last 10 years there was conducted a testing of 302 varieties and samples of winter wheat of domestic and foreign breeding. There have not been identified immune varieties. There was identified a small percentage (15.2) of varieties that were resistant to the pathogen. Among the Russian varieties they were ‘L 3191 k-5-8’, ‘Akhmat’, ‘Alievich’, ‘Barier’, ‘Ulyasha’, ‘Knyaginya Olga’, which were not attacked by the disease over the years of testing. Among foreign varieties, the varieties ‘Bombus’, ‘Sailor’ (France), ‘Etana’, ‘Rotax’, ‘KVS-Emil’ (Germany), ‘Fidelius’ (Austria), ‘MV 09-04’ (Hungary) were identified as the best ones in their resistance to powdery mildew. All identified sources of resistance have been recommended in breeding programs for immunity.

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