Dynamics of lipid droplets in the endometrium and fatty acids and oxylipins in the uterine lumen, blood, and milk of lactating cows during diestrus

The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows, each with a ruminal cannula, were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three-day pulsing periods and four-day washout intervals between treatments. Cows were treated with single ruminal pulses of: (1) control (skimmed milk (SM); 500 mL); (2) soybean oil (SO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM) and (3) partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM). Time changes after infusion in TFA contents were only observed for plasma C18:1 trans-4, trans-5 and trans-12, and high-density lipoprotein fraction C18:1 trans-9. After ruminal pulses, concentration of acetate decreased linearly; molar concentrations of propionate and valerate increased linearly; molar concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate changed quadratically and were greater at 1 h than at other times. There was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Overall, naturally occurring C18:1 TFA isomers (produced during ruminal biohydrogenation of SO) and preformed TFA (supplied by PHVO) elicited differential TFA partitioning and transport in plasma and lipoproteins.

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Mitochondrial Fission Governed by Drp1 Regulates Exogenous Fatty Acid Usage and Storage in Hela Cells

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11050322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 322

Author(s):

Jae-Eun Song ◽

Tiago C. Alves ◽

Bernardo Stutz ◽

Matija Šestan-Peša ◽

Nicole Kilian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽

Lipid Droplets ◽

Mitochondrial Fission ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Mitochondrial Morphology ◽

Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽

Mitochondrial Fatty Acid ◽

And Storage

In the presence of high abundance of exogenous fatty acids, cells either store fatty acids in lipid droplets or oxidize them in mitochondria. In this study, we aimed to explore a novel and direct role of mitochondrial fission in lipid homeostasis in HeLa cells. We observed the association between mitochondrial morphology and lipid droplet accumulation in response to high exogenous fatty acids. We inhibited mitochondrial fission by silencing dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1) and observed the shift in fatty acid storage-usage balance. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission resulted in an increase in fatty acid content of lipid droplets and a decrease in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Next, we overexpressed carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1), a key mitochondrial protein in fatty acid oxidation, to further examine the relationship between mitochondrial fatty acid usage and mitochondrial morphology. Mitochondrial fission plays a role in distributing exogenous fatty acids. CPT1A controlled the respiratory rate of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation but did not cause a shift in the distribution of fatty acids between mitochondria and lipid droplets. Our data reveals a novel function for mitochondrial fission in balancing exogenous fatty acids between usage and storage, assigning a role for mitochondrial dynamics in control of intracellular fuel utilization and partitioning.

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PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ADDITION OF GLUCOGENIC MATERIALS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas71-097 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 721-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

L. J. FISHER ◽

J. D. ERFLE ◽

F. D. SAUER

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Propylene Glycol ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Glutamate, succinate, propylene glycol, or glycerol were added to a basic concentrate at 3.3% of air-dry feed. Each concentrate was fed both ad libitum and in restricted amounts to four cows in early lactation. Dietary intake, milk yield and composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids and blood glucose, ketones and plasma free fatty acids were used as criteria of effect of these supplements. Propylene glycol in the diet resulted in a lower intake of concentrate compared with glycerol (11.44 versus 14.30 kg/day) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) rumen butyrate and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate. Glutamate supplementation prevented the fall in milk fat content which occurred when the other three supplemented concentrates were fed ad libitum, and this effect may have been related to the constancy in the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen fluid.

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Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3122

Author(s):

Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽

Bae-Hun Lee ◽

Ji-Yung Kim ◽

Kyung-Il Sung ◽

Hong-Gu Lee

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Control Group ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Mountainous Areas ◽

Lactating Cows

The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-stall barn; TMR based), (2) grazing for 12 h (12hG; TMR plus grazing pasture), and (3) grazing for 24 h (24hG; pasture-based feeding system). Dry matter intake was higher in the control and 12hG groups than in the 24hG group. The yields of total milk and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk were the lowest in the 24hG group. Milk fat was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in 12hG compared with the control group. Milk protein and lactose levels were the highest in the 12hG group. The highest somatic cell count was observed in the 24hG group. The saturated fatty acid levels were higher in the control group compared with the 12hG and 24hG groups. There was no difference in overall mono-unsaturated fatty acids between 12hG and 24hG groups. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group compared with the control and 24hG groups. There was no difference in omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids among the groups, and omega-3 fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group than in the control group. Milk cortisol was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in the control group compared with the 12hG group. Taken together, grazing for 12 h is advisable for farms that have access to mountainous areas to improve the milk fatty acid profile and decrease the stress levels in high-yielding Holstein lactating cows.

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Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant MitoQ Prevents E. coli Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Accumulation of Triacylglycerol and Lipid Droplets Biogenesis in Epithelial Cells

Journal of Lipids ◽

10.1155/2018/5745790 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ekaterina Fock ◽

Vera Bachteeva ◽

Elena Lavrova ◽

Rimma Parnova

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Lipid Droplets ◽

Cellular Respiration ◽

Mitochondrial Activity ◽

Energy Regulation ◽

Metabolic Shift ◽

Functional Connections ◽

The Impact

The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on eukaryotic cell could be accompanied by a significant metabolic shift that includes accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LD), ubiquitous organelles associated with fatty acid storage, energy regulation and demonstrated tight spatial and functional connections with mitochondria. The impairment of mitochondrial activity under pathological stimuli has been shown to provoke TAG storage and LD biogenesis. However the potential mechanisms that link mitochondrial disturbances and TAG accumulation are not completely understood. We hypothesize that mitochondrial ROS (mROS) may play a role of a trigger leading to subsequent accumulation of intracellular TAG and LD in response to a bacterial stimulus. Using isolated epithelial cells from the frog urinary bladder, we showed that LPS decreased fatty acids oxidation, enhanced TAG deposition, and promoted LD formation. LPS treatment did not affect the mitochondrial membrane potential but increased cellular ROS production and led to impairment of mitochondrial function as revealed by decreased ATP production and a reduced maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and OCR directed at ATP turnover. The mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ at a dose of 25 nM did not prevent LPS-induced alterations in cellular respiration, but, in contrast to nonmitochondrial antioxidant α-tocopherol, reduced the effect of LPS on the generation of ROS, restored the LPS-induced decline of fatty acids oxidation, and prevented accumulation of TAG and LD biogenesis. The data obtained indicate the key signaling role of mROS in the lipid metabolic shift that occurs under the impact of a bacterial pathogen in epithelial cells.

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Effect of dietary fish oil on biohydrogenation of fatty acids and milk fatty acid content in cows

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800053765 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 165-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 268

Author(s):

K. J. Shingfield ◽

S. Ahvenjärvi ◽

V. Toivonen ◽

A. Ärölä ◽

K. V. V. Nurmela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Dietary Fish ◽

Total Fatty Acids ◽

In Trans ◽

Second Period

AbstractMechanisms underlying milk fat conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) responses to supplements of fish oil were investigated using five lactating cows each fitted with a rumen cannula in a simple experiment consisting of two consecutive 14-day experimental periods. During the first period cows were offered 18 kg dry matter (DM) per day of a basal (B) diet formulated from grass silage and a cereal based-concentrate (0·6 : 0·4; forage : concentrate ratio, on a DM basis) followed by the same diet supplemented with 250 g fish oil per day (FO) in the second period. The flow of non-esterified fatty acids leaving the rumen was measured using the omasal sampling technique in combination with a triple indigestible marker method based on Li-Co-EDTA, Yb-acetate and Cr-mordanted straw. Fish oil decreased DM intake and milk yield, but had no effect on milk constituent content. Milk fat trans-11 C18:1, total trans-C18 : 1, cis-9 trans-11 CLA, total CLA, C18 : 2(n-6) and total C18 : 2content were increased in response to fish oil from 1·80, 4·51, 0·39, 0·56, 0·90 and 1·41 to 9·39, 14·39, 1·66, 1·85, 1·25 and 4·00 g/100 g total fatty acids, respectively. Increases in the cis-9, trans-11 isomer accounted for proportionately 0·89 of the CLA response to fish oil. Furthermore, fish oil decreased the flow of C18 : 0(283 and 47 g/day for B and FO, respectively) and increased that of trans-C18 : 1fatty acids entering the omasal canal (38 and 182 g/day). Omasal flows of trans-C18 : 1acids with double bonds in positions from delta-4 to -15 inclusive were enhanced, but the effects were isomer dependent and primarily associated with an increase in trans-11 C18 : 1 leaving the rumen (17·1 and 121·1 g/day for B and FO, respectively). Fish oil had no effect on total (4·36 and 3·50 g/day) or cis-9, trans-11 CLA (2·86 and 2·08 g/day) entering the omasal canal. Flows of cis-9, trans-11 CLA were lower than the secretion of this isomer in milk. Comparison with the transfer of the trans-9, trans-11 isomer synthesized in the rumen suggested that proportionately 0·66 and 0·97 of cis-9, trans-11 CLA was derived from endogenous conversion of trans-11 C18 : 1in the mammary gland for B and FO, respectively. It is concluded that fish oil enhances milk fat cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in response to increased supply of trans-11 C18:1that arises from an inhibition of trans-C18 : 1reduction in the rumen.

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Ruminal biohydrogenation and abomasal flow of fatty acids in lactating cows fed diets supplemented with soybean oil, whole soybeans, or calcium salts of fatty acids

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2017-13666 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 101 (9) ◽

pp. 7881-7891 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J.E. Freitas ◽

C.S. Takiya ◽

T.A. Del Valle ◽

R.V. Barletta ◽

B.C. Venturelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Ruminal Biohydrogenation

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Mdm1 maintains endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by spatially regulating lipid droplet biogenesis

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201808119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 218 (4) ◽

pp. 1319-1334 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Hanaa Hariri ◽

Natalie Speer ◽

Jade Bowerman ◽

Sean Rogers ◽

Gang Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Lipid Droplet ◽

Lipid Droplets ◽

Fatty Acyl ◽

Nutrient Depletion ◽

Coenzyme A Ligase ◽

Response To Stress ◽

Acyl Coenzyme A ◽

Er Homeostasis

Lipid droplets (LDs) serve as cytoplasmic reservoirs for energy-rich fatty acids (FAs) stored in the form of triacylglycerides (TAGs). During nutrient stress, yeast LDs cluster adjacent to the vacuole/lysosome, but how this LD accumulation is coordinated remains poorly understood. The ER protein Mdm1 is a molecular tether that plays a role in clustering LDs during nutrient depletion, but its mechanism of function remains unknown. Here, we show that Mdm1 associates with LDs through its hydrophobic N-terminal region, which is sufficient to demarcate sites for LD budding. Mdm1 binds FAs via its Phox-associated domain and coenriches with fatty acyl–coenzyme A ligase Faa1 at LD bud sites. Consistent with this, loss of MDM1 perturbs free FA activation and Dga1-dependent synthesis of TAGs, elevating the cellular FA level, which perturbs ER morphology and sensitizes yeast to FA-induced lipotoxicity. We propose that Mdm1 coordinates FA activation adjacent to the vacuole to promote LD production in response to stress, thus maintaining ER homeostasis.

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