scholarly journals Use of a hydrologic mixing model to examine the roles of meltwater, precipitation and groundwater in the Langtang River basin, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (71) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alāna M. Wilson ◽  
Mark W. Williams ◽  
Rijan B. Kayastha ◽  
Adina Racoviteanu
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Debris Cover ◽  
River Sample ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractUnderstanding the hydrology of glacierized catchments is an important step in assessing the vulnerability of water resources to a changing climate. While there have been increased efforts recently to understand the dynamics of Asia's cryosphere, glacier melt dynamics and hydrograph separation of river discharge are open questions. A multi-year, multi-seasonal dataset of water chemistry from the Langtang Valley, Nepal, is used to explore water sources and flow paths that contribute to Langtang River discharge. Differences in hydrochemistry of samples from debris-free Khimsung Glacier and debris-covered Lirung Glacier demonstrate the effect of debris cover on glacier outflow. Additional data show seasonal transitions in the composition of Langtang River discharge. End-member mixing analysis (EMMA) using geochemical and isotopic tracers suggests that reacted meltwater contributes the majority of flow during most of the year, with the exception of the summer when unreacted meltwater and precipitation dominate streamflow. We hypothesize our dataset is missing characteristic monsoon water and utilize a Late May river sample as a proxy for precipitation-influenced groundwater in the EMMA. Results offer insight into the plausibility of flow sources and pathways in the basin.

scholarly journals Syntactic and cognitive issues in investigating gendered coreference

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Marie Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Insight Into

This paper presents a framework for how the multifaceted nature of "gender" (human and linguistic) interacts with grammatical operations such as coreference dependency formation. It frames the question through the lens of English, in which it focuses on how personal names and referents who identify as nonbinary can provide insight into the conceptual representations of gender. Additional data from a variety of modern languages supports a model of how gender might be cognitively represented such that the observed linguistic patterns are available. A three-tiered model of gender is proposed that unites grammatical, cognitive, social, and biological aspects and describes how implications of this model might be tested in future work.

scholarly journals The visualization of flow paths in experimental studies of clay-rich materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Wiseall ◽  
R. J. Cuss ◽  
C. C. Graham ◽  
J. F. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
The Body ◽  
British Geological Survey ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Confining Pressures ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractOne of the most challenging aspects of understanding the flow of gas and water during testing in clay-rich low-permeability materials is the difficulty in visualizing localized flow. Whilst understanding has been increased using X-ray Computed-tomography (CT) scanning, synchrotron X-ray imaging and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) imaging, real-time testing is problematic under realistic in situ conditions confining pressures, which require steel pressure vessels. These methods tend not to have the nano-metre scale resolution necessary for clay mineral visualization, and are generally not compatible with the long duration necessary to investigate flow in such materials. Therefore other methods are necessary to visualize flow paths during post-mortem analysis of test samples. Several methodologies have been established at the British Geological Survey (BGS), in order to visualize flow paths both directly and indirectly. These include: (1) the injection of fluorescein-stained water or deuterium oxide; (2) the introduction of nanoparticles that are transported by carrier gas; (3) the use of radiologically tagged gas; and (4) the development of apparatus for the direct visualization of clay. These methodologies have greatly increased our understanding of the transport of water and gas through intact and fractured clay-rich materials. The body of evidence for gas transport through the formation of dilatant pathways is now considerable. This study presents observations using a new apparatus to directly visualize the flow of gas in a kaolinite paste. The results presented provide an insight into the flow of gas in clay-rich rocks. The flow of gas through dilatant pathways has been shown in a number of argillaceous materials (Angeli et al., 2009; Autio et al., 2006; Cuss et al., 2014; Harrington et al., 2012). These pathways are pressure induced and an increase in gas pressure leads to the dilation of pathways. Once the gas breakthrough occurs, pressure decreases and pathways begin to close. This new approach is providing a unique insight into the complex processes involved during the onset, development and closure of these dilatant gas pathways.

Professional Adult Choirs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Carrington ◽  
Jason Vodicka
Keyword(s):  
Choral Music ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Choral Pedagogy ◽  
Choral Ensembles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter provides an overview of the history of professional choruses and offers insight into the structure, choral pedagogy, history of choral music, and current state of professional choral ensembles in the United States. The authors first provide an historical overview of the professional choir, demonstrating that professional choral choruses have been a staple of Western society since the medieval era. They then report on the limited body of research dealing with the rehearsal pedagogy of professional ensembles. Data were gleaned from scholarly publications and from information provided by Chorus America. Additional data comes from personal interviews with conductors of professional choirs, from singers who perform as professional choristers, and from one co-author’s experience as a founding member of The King’s Singers. The authors note the need for further research into this rapidly expanding field.

Workplace Satisfaction Before and After Move to an Open Plan Office - Including Interactions with Gender and Introversion

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Bos ◽  
Kylie Molinaro ◽  
Alexander Perrone ◽  
Kelly Sharer ◽  
Ariel Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Workplace Satisfaction ◽  
Flexible Support ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Open Plan ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Insight Into

Open plan offices are both popular and controversial. We studied the response of a group moving from shared, but closed offices to an open plan office. The main data source reported here is a workplace satisfaction survey given pre-move, post-move, and to a lab baseline comparison group at the same organization, with some additional data from observations and interviews. Workers moving to the open plan office appreciated the flexible support for collaboration and the space’s appearance. There was lower satisfaction related to space for private concentrated work, temperature control, and ability to have private conversations. There were also some statistical interactions suggesting more positive responses by males and less positive responses by introverts; analysis was limited by small sample size. Observations and interviews gave further insight into open plan “neighborhoods” and the design of ad hoc spaces.

Mechanistic Evaluation of Test Data from Long-Term Pavement Performance Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement Test Sections

1998 ◽  
Vol 1629 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jane Jiang ◽  
Shiraz D. Tayabji
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Distress Prediction ◽  
Program Data ◽  
Insight Into

Over the years, pavement engineers have attempted to develop rational mechanistic-empirical (M-E) methods for predicting pavement performance. In fact, the next version of AASHTO’s Guide for Design of Pavements is planned to be mechanistically based. Many M-E procedures have been developed on the basis of a combination of laboratory test data, theory, and limited field verification. Therefore, it is important to validate and calibrate these procedures using additional data from in-service pavements. The Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program data provide the means to evaluate and improve these models. A study was conducted to assess the performance of some of the existing concrete pavement M-E-based distress prediction procedures when used in conjunction with the data being collected as part of the LTPP program. Fatigue cracking damage was estimated using the NCHRP 1–26 approach and compared with observed fatigue damage at 52 GPS-3 test sections. It was shown that the LTPP data can be used successfully to develop better insight into pavement behavior and to improve pavement performance.

scholarly journals Three pinnacles in the course of development of faculty therapy clinic of the Emperor Moscow University

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 949-955
Author(s):  
V. I. Borodulin ◽  
K. A. Pashkov ◽  
Mikhail V. Poddubny ◽  
A. V. Topolyansky ◽  
P. V. Shadrin
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Therapeutic School ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Therapy Clinic

The article highlights the history of the faculty therapy clinic of the Emperor Moscow University, i.e. of pre-Soviet MGU. The clinic’s activities are traced at their different stages when they were guided by profs. A.I. Over, G.A. Zakhar’in, P.M. Popov, V.D. Shervinsky, L.E. Golubinin, and N.F. Golubov. Analysis of numerous literature and archival data (including state archives and Shervinsky’s personal archive) provided a deeper insight into the post-Zakhar’in activities, allowed to correct erroneous information contained in some literature publications, and collect additional data for biographies of the leading professors of the clinic with special reference to the contribution made by the Shervinsky-Golubinin scientific and clinical school.Three pinnacles in the course of development of the clinic were distinguished dated to the mid-XIX century (under prof. A.I. Overt), the 1860s-1870s (under the then young reformer G.A.Zakhar’in), and the first decade of the XX century (under profs. V.D. Shervinsky and L.E. Golubinin who created a scientific therapeutic school that greatly promoted the further development of internal medicine in this country).

scholarly journals Cross-species comparisons and in vitro models to study tempo in development and homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Rayon ◽  
James Briscoe
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Autonomous Control ◽  
Tissue Transplantation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Insight Into

Time is inherent to biological processes. It determines the order of events and the speed at which they take place. However, we still need to refine approaches to measure the course of time in biological systems and understand what controls the pace of development. Here, we argue that the comparison of biological processes across species provides molecular insight into the timekeeping mechanisms in biology. We discuss recent findings and the open questions in the field and highlight the use of in vitro systems as tools to investigate cell-autonomous control as well as the coordination of temporal mechanisms within tissues. Further, we discuss the relevance of studying tempo for tissue transplantation, homeostasis and lifespan.

scholarly journals A novel diabetes typology: towards precision diabetology from pathogenesis to treatment

Diabetologia ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Herder ◽  
Michael Roden
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mild Obesity ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe current classification of diabetes, based on hyperglycaemia, islet-directed antibodies and some insufficiently defined clinical features, does not reflect differences in aetiological mechanisms and in the clinical course of people with diabetes. This review discusses evidence from recent studies addressing the complexity of diabetes by proposing novel subgroups (subtypes) of diabetes. The most widely replicated and validated approach identified, in addition to severe autoimmune diabetes, four subgroups designated severe insulin-deficient diabetes, severe insulin-resistant diabetes, mild obesity-related diabetes and mild age-related diabetes subgroups. These subgroups display distinct patterns of clinical features, disease progression and onset of comorbidities and complications, with severe insulin-resistant diabetes showing the highest risk for cardiovascular, kidney and fatty liver diseases. While it has been suggested that people in these subgroups would benefit from stratified treatments, RCTs are required to assess the clinical utility of any reclassification effort. Several methodological and practical issues also need further study: the statistical approach used to define subgroups and derive recommendations for diabetes care; the stability of subgroups over time; the optimal dataset (e.g. phenotypic vs genotypic) for reclassification; the transethnic generalisability of findings; and the applicability in clinical routine care. Despite these open questions, the concept of a new classification of diabetes has already allowed researchers to gain more insight into the colourful picture of diabetes and has stimulated progress in this field so that precision diabetology may become reality in the future. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals The Enigma of Interspecific Plasmodesmata: Insight From Parasitic Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Fischer ◽  
Lena Anna-Maria Lachner ◽  
Stian Olsen ◽  
Maria Mulisch ◽  
Kirsten Krause
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Host System ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Secondary Plasmodesmata ◽  
Insight Into

Parasitic plants live in intimate physical connection with other plants serving as their hosts. These host plants provide the inorganic and organic compounds that the parasites need for their propagation. The uptake of the macromolecular compounds happens through symplasmic connections in the form of plasmodesmata. In contrast to regular plasmodesmata, which connect genetically identical cells of an individual plant, the plasmodesmata that connect the cells of host and parasite join separate individuals belonging to different species and are therefore termed “interspecific”. The existence of such interspecific plasmodesmata was deduced either indirectly using molecular approaches or observed directly by ultrastructural analyses. Most of this evidence concerns shoot parasitic Cuscuta species and root parasitic Orobanchaceae, which can both infect a large range of phylogenetically distant hosts. The existence of an interspecific chimeric symplast is both striking and unique and, with exceptions being observed in closely related grafted plants, exist only in these parasitic relationships. Considering the recent technical advances and upcoming tools for analyzing parasitic plants, interspecific plasmodesmata in parasite/host connections are a promising system for studying secondary plasmodesmata. For open questions like how their formation is induced, how their positioning is controlled and if they are initiated by one or both bordering cells simultaneously, the parasite/host interface with two adjacent distinguishable genetic systems provides valuable advantages. We summarize here what is known about interspecific plasmodesmata between parasitic plants and their hosts and discuss the potential of the intriguing parasite/host system for deepening our insight into plasmodesmatal structure, function, and development.

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