scholarly journals The use of whereas and whereas-clauses in Swift's The Drapier's Letters

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-45
Author(s):  
Maria Angeles Ruiz-Moneva
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Jonathan Swift ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Apparent Inconsistency ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The One

Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) was actively involved in the political affairs of the Ireland of his life-time. Even though he belonged to the higher social classes, namely, the Anglo-Irish ruling minority, he sought to make the whole of the Irish population aware of their economic and political conditions, so that his “Countrymen” or “Fellow-Servants” (as he addressed the whole of the Irish) may pursue to improve their situation. In order to become closer to his intended audience, he decided to use several personae or fictional characters. One of these was the drapier, as the identity chosen in most of the series of seven Letters known as The Drapier’s Letters (1724). Although he adopted many colloquial expressions and the register that a shop-keeper would employ, he was fully aware of the legal implications both of the whole issue at large and also of the particular proposals that he was making. This apparent inconsistency was meant to provide the Irish with the tools which he found necessary for them in their struggle to attain better political and economic conditions. It may be hypothesized that one of the aspects illustrating Swift’s use of both colloquial language and the legal register is the connector whereas: on the one hand, as a discourse marker with its everyday meanings; on the other hand, with legal senses. The present paper seeks to explore and systematise these uses.

PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES USED IN BURGER KING’S INSTAGRAM POSTS CAPTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Yeremia Yori Rudito ◽  
Anita
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Fast Food Restaurant ◽  
Rhetorical Question ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Inclusive Language ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Burger King is the one of the most successful fast food restaurant in the world. According to Wikipedia, there are 17,796 locations of Burger King all over the world in 2018. Burger King also has its Instagram account. Now this account has been followed by 1,6 million people and has posted 938 posts. That statistic shows that Burger King is active in social media especially in Instagram platform. The writer see the indication of the using of Persuasive Strategies because in promoting their product. In this research the writer wants to know the persuasive strategies that applied in Burger King’s Instagram post caption and the most used strategy. This research applied Qualitative Method as research method. This research has two findings, first, there are 13 strategies that appear in Burger King’s Instagram post caption they are, Anecdote, Assonance, Cliché, Connotation, Evidence, Everyday/Colloquial Language, Hyperbole, Imagery, Inclusive Language, Pun, Repetition, Rhetorical Question, and Simile. Second, the most used strategy is Everyday/Colloquial Language.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial multidrug resistance in the era of COVID-19: a forgotten plight?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pelfrene ◽  
Radu Botgros ◽  
Marco Cavaleri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global problem to which the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may further contribute. With resources deployed away from antimicrobial stewardship, evidence of substantial pre-emptive antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients and indirectly, with deteriorating economic conditions fuelling poverty potentially impacting on levels of resistance, AMR threat remains significant. Main body In this paper, main AMR countermeasures are revisited and priorities to tackle the issue are re-iterated. The need for collaboration is stressed, acknowledging the relationship between human health, animal health and environment (“One Health” approach). Among the stated priorities, the initiative by the European Medicines Regulatory Network to further strengthen the measures in combatting AMR is highlighted. Likewise, it is asserted that other emerging health threats require global collaboration with the One Health approach offering a valuable blueprint for action. Conclusion The authors stress the importance of an integrated preparedness strategy to tackle this public health peril.

scholarly journals Without a Safety Net: Precarization Among Young Danish Employees

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Lykke Nielsen ◽  
Anne Görlich ◽  
Regine Grytnes ◽  
Johnny Dyreborg
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Political Conditions

Precarisation’ is one of the concepts that has become important in efforts to explain how neoliberal politics and changed economic conditions produce new forms of marginalization and increased insecurity. The aim of this article is to examine how subjectivity is produced among young Danish employees through socio-material processes of precarization at workplaces and employment projects. Drawing on ethnographic observations and qualitative interviews with 35 young employees and young people ‘Neither in Education, Employment or Training’ (NEET), the three case examples show how processes of precarization, rooted in global economic and political conditions, can be understood as situated contextual practices. It is demonstrated how being positioned as an easily replaceable source of labor is shaping young people’s processes of subjectification.

Former employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Tambov Governorate after the February Revolution of 1917

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-205
Author(s):  
Pavel S. Rakhmanov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The One

The problems of changing the position of the Ministry of Internal Affairs after the events of February–March 1917 in the Tambov Governorate are investigated. We study the state policy, the attitude of local authorities and the public to representatives of this socio-professional group, individual features of the adaptation of its representatives to new socio-political conditions. The relevance of the research is due to both significant gaps in the historiography of the issue, especially at the regional level of the study of the problem, and a certain consonance with the modern problems of Russian law enforcement agencies in the context of transformations. It is concluded that representatives of the broad popular strata and the soldier masses treated former em-ployees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs extremely negatively, which was especially pronounced in the period that followed the revolutionary events of February 1917. However, the leadership of both the governorate as a whole and in individual counties pursued an ambivalent policy towards representatives of this social and professional group. On the one hand, the tasks were set for the maximum removal of former law enforcement officers from participation in public and political life, and on the other, their professional skills were in demand in the newly created militia bodies.

Servants to What Cause

2019 ◽  
pp. 214-229
Author(s):  
Margaret Galvan
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Human Sexuality ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Smith College ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Publishing World ◽  
The One

Through these characters and the broad range of The Advocate’s intended audience, Bechdel is able to reflect on subjects of relevance to the gay community at large—like AIDS and associated activism—that often don’t make it into the strips of the fairly idyllic world of DTWOF. By analyzing Servants to the Cause, the chapter not only unravels its narrative structure and grassroots contexts, but also examines the production of the strip itself through drafts of the comic and letters that Bechdel exchanged with her editor at The Advocate. In this analysis and in research across the essay, the chapter draws upon grant-funded archival research of Alison Bechdel’s papers held in the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College, Firebrand Book Records held in the Human Sexuality Collection at Cornell University, and periodicals collections at the Lesbian Herstory Archives and the ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives. To connect Bechdel to the larger world of queer comics culture, the chapter considers the significance of The Advocate’s support of the field of queer comics, juxtaposed against large feminist publications like Ms., which often spurned women’s comics. This positive attitude creates a set of conditions through which not only Bechdel but other queer cartoonists flourish, particularly in the 90s, allowing them to make a living outside of the more conservative comics publishing world through self-syndication in queer periodicals.

Miss C——y’s Cabinet of Curiosities

The Closet ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 114-147
Author(s):  
Danielle Bobker
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Jonathan Swift ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Partial Inclusion ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
Cabinet Of Curiosities

This chapter points out, according to Anthony Hamilton and Jonathan Swift, how closets can still represent the highly circumscribed sociability associated with the face-to-face exchange of handwritten manuscripts. It talks about the hundreds of books that are designated as closets or cabinets that had been published in Britain by the end of the eighteenth century. As the authors and editors of these printed closets and cabinets nervously underscored their own close connections to courtly closets, prayer closets, and elite cabinets of curiosity, they implicitly positioned their readers as illegitimate intruders or spies. The chapter also reviews the complex dynamics of partial inclusion that are directly addressed in a particularly self-reflexive instance. It emphasizes that the one-way mode of visual intimacy channeled the excitement and social disorientation that accompanied the increasing accessibility of knowledge in the eighteenth century.

The Measurement of f-values for Lines of Astrophysical Interest by Beam-Foil Spectroscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
J. E. Ross ◽  
B. J. O’Mara
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Branching Ratios ◽  
Oscillator Strengths ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Initial Excitation ◽  
The One ◽  
Beam Foil

The necessity of having accurate oscillator strengths in astrophysical applications is well known. The apparent discrepancy which existed between the solar and meteoritic abundance of iron is just one example of the problems which can arise from poor f-values. An excellent critique of methods for determining both absolute and relative f-values has been given by Blackwell & Collins (1972). Their comments on life-time techniques provide a clear indication of both the advantages and difficulties associated with these techniques: “In principle, a life-time method, as exemplified by the technique of beam foil spectroscopy, described for example by Wiese (1970), has the fundamental advantage that in some restricted circumstances its application does not depend upon a temperature measurement or any assumption of themodynamic equilibrium in the source: in addition it gives an absolute result without the need of an absolute number density of atoms. The hope is sometimes expressed that the method of beam foil spectroscopy will yield oscillator strengths of the required accuracy. In practice, the technique suffers from the difficulty that although the life-time of an excited state can be measured with reasonable accuracy, it is also necessary to measure in a separate experiment the branching ratios for radiative de-excitation. As these ratios are usually measured by an arc method, the accuracy of the final oscillator strengths is limited by the deficiencies of this source. Also, some atoms in the beam may be excited to higher levels than the one being examined, and because of the nature of the initial excitation is unknown, radiative de-excitation (cascading) takes place to this lower level in a way that is wholly unpredictable. This difficulty is especially important for levels of low excitation.” In this talk techniques will be described for overcoming the cascading problem in beam foil spectroscopy and for measuring the associated branching ratios.

scholarly journals What’s Left? Political orientation, economic conditions and incarceration in Greece under Syriza-led government

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082096656
Author(s):  
Leonidas K. Cheliotis ◽  
Sappho Xenakis
Keyword(s):  
Political Orientation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
State Punishment ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The One ◽  
Fiscal Implications

An important body of scholarly work has been produced over recent decades to explain variation in levels and patterns of state punishment across and within different countries around the world. Two variables that have curiously evaded systematic attention in this regard are, first, the orientation of incumbent governments along the political spectrum, and second, the experience and fiscal implications of national economic downturn. Although recent years have seen both variables receive somewhat greater consideration, there is still precious little research into the effects on state punishment that they have in interaction with one another. With a view to helping fill this gap in the literature, this article identifies the direction and assesses the extent of influence exerted by government political orientation, on the one hand, and by economic downturn alongside its fiscal repercussions, on the other hand, upon the evolution of incarceration in the context of contemporary Greece. In so doing, we offer a uniquely detailed account of carceral trends before and during the period that a coalition government led by the left-wing Syriza party was in power. With regard to carceral trends as such, the scope of our analysis extends beyond conventional imprisonment also to include immigration detention. As well as arguing that economic downturn can place crucial limits on a government’s ability to execute progressive plans in carceral matters, we additionally conclude that a government’s scope of action in this vein may be further restricted depending on the autonomy it can wield in defiance of foreign forces intervening in both economic and political realms.

Ritual Elements in the New Comedy

1943 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Murray
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Old Comedy ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The One ◽  
New Comedy

The New Comedy as an art form is descended both from the Old Comedy and from fifth-century Tragedy. It is a middle style of the sort that Diderot called le genre sérieux. On the one side it made an expurgation of the Old Comedy by dropping the gross elements of the primitive ritual ⋯ϕέσεωςκ⋯μος which still survived in Aristophanes, the phallic dress, the ϒεϕυρɩομός in language, and the reckless personal satire, while it kept and emphasized the final Gamos, or union of lovers, and developed a more elaborate plot. On the other side it reformed Tragedy by getting rid of the supernatural stories and the stiff conventions. To quote some words of my own written in 1912, it ‘introduced all the simplifications and improvements which seem to a modern’—I meant a modern philistine—‘so obviously desirable. It developed an easy colloquial language, a flexible and unexacting metre. It left the Chorus quite outside the play, a kind of entr'acte, not worth writing down. It frankly abandoned religious ritual’—please observe that statement, which I now wish to correct—‘and heroic saga. It drew its material from the adventures and emotions of contemporary middle class life, and boldly invented its own plots.’ Menander in particular was considered in antiquity to have held a mirror up to life; a verse by Aristophanes of Byzantium asks.

Kwestia migracji w polityce współczesnej Austrii

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 347-361
Author(s):  
Adam Romejko
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The One ◽  
Country People

Austria is a country that in politics is guided by pragmatism. The main determinant of what is politically correct or not, it is the national interest. This approach is revealed in the past and present, including the question of the migrant community. It does not matter whether we are dealing with economic or political migrants or refugees. Since the sixties Austria is becoming a popular country where newcomers sought a better life. Many guest workers came then from Turkey and Yugoslavia. On the one hand, the Austrian authorities legally regulated migration and offered access to employment, on the other hand they tried to avoid restrictions. This pragmatic approach was due to favourable economic conditions prevailing in Austria. A similar situation we face today. The authorities want to control the influx of foreigners into Austria and at the same time without any restrictions they let in to the country people describing themselves as refugees. The presence of foreigners is an important part of the political game. Left-wing parties recognize that immigrants are important voters. Their representatives want in this way to gain popularity among Austrians who fear the negative impact of the influx of foreigners and promoted multiculturalism policy. A negative consequence of the Austrian pragmatism is highly critical assessment of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which do not support naive Germany’s policy in relation to the latest wave of newcomers. Austria, which in the past was seen as a bridge between the West and the East, has lost the support of the criticized countries, including Poland.

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