scholarly journals The Protection of Beech Wood (”Fagus Sylvatic”a) against the brown Rot ”Postia Placenta” using Clove (”Eugenia Caryophyllata”) Essential Oil in a Linseed Oil Medium

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina TIMAR ◽  
◽  
Julia BUCHNER ◽  
Dana M. POP ◽  
Mark IRLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Block Test

The present research investigates the antifungal efficiency of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oil (C-EO) combined with linseed oil (LO) at different concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%) using two types of mycological tests: a qualitative screening test by agar diffusion method and a quantitative mini-block test on treated beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood.The agar diffusion test indicated improved protection of wood should be possible with a mixture of C-EO and LO from a concentration of 5%. In contrast, the mini-block test indicated that wood is partially protect by LO alone and that adding increasing quantities of C-EO gradually reduces this protection.One possible explanation of this unexpected result could be the antioxidant effect of C-EO which could negatively interfere in the oxidative curing process of LO. ESEM investigation revealed the penetration of LO and C-EO/LO mixtures into the wood structure and non-uniform fungal colonization of all the samples exposed to Postia placenta, as well as some characteristic features of consequent wood structure degradation, which was found more advanced for the untreated beech wood samples.

scholarly journals Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil and Oleoresins Obtained from Black Cumin Seeds (Nigella sativaL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Singh ◽  
S. S. Das ◽  
G. Singh ◽  
Carola Schuff ◽  
Marina P. de Lampasona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Black Cumin

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the major components in black cumin essential oils which were thymoquinone (37.6%) followed by p-cymene (31.2%),α-thujene (5.6%), thymohydroquinone (3.4%), and longifolene (2.0%), whereas the oleoresins extracted in different solvents contain linoleic acid as a major component. The antioxidant activity of essential oil and oleoresins was evaluated against linseed oil system at 200 ppm concentration by peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, ferric thiocyanate, ferrous ion chelating activity, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging methods. The essential oil and ethyl acetate oleoresin were found to be better than synthetic antioxidants. The total phenol contents (gallic acid equivalents, mg GAE per g) in black cumin essential oil, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and n-hexane oleoresins were calculated as11.47±0.05,10.88±0.9,9.68±0.06, and8.33±0.01, respectively, by Folin-Ciocalteau method. The essential oil showed up to 90% zone inhibition againstFusarium moniliformein inverted petri plate method. Using agar well diffusion method for evaluating antibacterial activity, the essential oil was found to be highly effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effect and Transdentinal Diffusion of New Intracanal Formulations Containing Nitrofurantoin or Doxycycline

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Silva ◽  
Elizabete Brasil Santos ◽  
Shelon Cristina Souza Pinto ◽  
João Carlos Gomes ◽  
Irene Pina Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Agar Surface ◽  
Microbial Growth Inhibition

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial effect and diffusion against E. faecalis of new intracanal medications on the external root surface. The medications tested were a placebo gel (PC); the new formulations with either 3% nitrofurantoin (NIT) or 3% doxycycline hydrochloride (DX) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel as positive control. The new formulations were tested using the traditional agar diffusion test (ADT) and an adapted agar diffusion method (AADM), where the teeth were filled with the medications and left to diffuse on agar surface seeded with E. faecalis. In the ADT, the larger zones of microbial growth inhibition were seen in DX, followed by CHX and NIT. In the AADM test only DX and CHX showed antimicrobial effect. Statistically significant differences between groups were observed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (2=47.126; p<0.001). The new intracanal formulations with DX and NIT have demonstrated antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis, but only DX was able to diffuse through the dentinal tubules and exert antimicrobial effect outside the roots.

AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR MINYAK ATSIRI SEREH WANGI (CYMBOPOGON NARDUS (L.) RENDLE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Nilda Lely ◽  
Hetty Sulastri ◽  
Sari Meisyayati
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
The Many ◽  
Anti Fungal

Citronella fragrance is one of the many plants in Indonesia. Citronella fragrance is widely used by Indonesian people as a spice dish and has traditionally been used for various treatments. Citronella fragrance contains essential oils that have the potential to have anti-fungal effects and have traditionally been used for the treatment of skin diseases. Isolation of citronella essential oil with the method of vapor distillation. The tested fungi are opportunistic fungi that often infect human skin. In testing the antifungal activity of the citronella essential oil (Cymbopogonnardus (L.) Rendle) against the fungal causing skin infection. The research was done by using agar diffusion method and using the density disc as the diffusion medium against A research of antifungal�s activity of essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle ) to fungus that cause disease in humans has been done. This research used agar diffusion method to the fungus test Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans. The concentration that used 1%, 0,5%, 0,25% and 0,1%. The results showed that in concentration 1% essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus ( L.)Rendle) has the highest activity with Candida albicans with an average of inhibition diameter was 19,4mm � 0,15. In 0,1% concentration of essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) does not have antifungal�s activity to Tricophyton mentagrophytes that without inhibition diameter around the paper discs. Meanwhile, in concentration 0,1%, the essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) still have antifungal�s activity to Tricophyton rubrum and Candida albicans with an average of inhibition diameter 7,4 mm � 0,35 dan 8,5 mm � 0,15. Keywords: Candida albicans, Sereh wangi (Cymbopogonnardus (L.), Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Candida albicans

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite Gel versus Different Types of Root Canal Medicaments Using Agar Diffusion Test: An In Vitro Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Sayed ◽  
Nikta Ghanerad ◽  
Fatemeh Rahimi ◽  
Mahin Shabanpoor ◽  
Zeinab Shabanpour
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gel

Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite gel and four types of intracanal medicaments. Materials and Methods. The agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of five medicaments (sodium hypochlorite gel (NaOCl), chlorhexidine gel (CHX), calcium hydroxide paste (CH), Ledermix, and Diapex plus) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The zone of inhibition around each medicament was measured in millimeters, after 48 hours of incubation at 37°C. The antibacterial effects of medicaments against each microbial strain and the sensitivity of microorganisms towards each medicament were compared using the one-way ANOVA and Games–Howell post hoc tests. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05 . Results. All medicaments showed variable inhibition zones for all bacterial strains except Diapex Plus which showed no antibacterial activity. NaOCl gel exhibited the most significant inhibition zones for all bacterial strains followed by CHX gel, Ledermix, and CH. However, the effect of CHX and CH paste against S. aureus was statistically similar, while the effect of CH against E. faecalis was significantly higher than the Ledermix. Conclusion. Sodium hypochlorite gel displayed the highest antibacterial activity among tested medicaments and can be recommended as a potent intracanal medicament. Chlorhexidine gel showed a significantly higher antibacterial effect when compared with Ledermix and calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity against E. faecalis than Ledermix. Diapex Plus exhibited no antibacterial effect.

Antibacterial Activity of Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung- Sun Seo ◽  
Seong Woo Jin ◽  
Seongkyu Choi ◽  
Kyeong Won Yun
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

The antibacterial activity of three Cupressaceae plants (Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa) was tested against three bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The ether and ethylacetate fraction of crude methanol extract from the three plants showed potent antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. The result showed that Staphylococcus aureus revealed the most sensitivity among the tested bacteria. Thujaoccidentalisether fraction and Thujaorientalis hexane fraction exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli was shown the highest MIC values compared to the other two tested bacteria, which indicates the lowest antibacterial activity against the bacterium. This study promises an interesting future for designing a potentially active antibacterial agent from the three Cupressaceae plants.

Comparison of mechanical properties of thermally modified wood at growth ring and cell wall level by means of instrumented indentation tests

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Stanzl-Tschegg ◽  
Wilfried Beikircher ◽  
Dieter Loidl
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Instrumented Indentation ◽  
Indentation Tests

Abstract Thermal modification is a well established method to improve the dimensional stability and the durability for outdoor use of wood. Unfortunately, these improvements are usually accompanied with a deterioration of mechanical performance (e.g., reduced strength or higher brittleness). In contrast, our investigations of the hardness properties in the longitudinal direction of beech wood revealed a significant improvement with thermal modification. Furthermore, we applied instrumented indentation tests on different hierarchical levels of wood structure (growth ring and cell wall level) to gain closer insights on the mechanisms of thermal treatment of wood on mechanical properties. This approach provides a variety of mechanical data (e.g., elastic parameters, hardness parameters, and viscoelastic properties) from one single experiment. Investigations on the influence of thermal treatment on the mechanical properties of beech revealed similar trends on the growth ring as well as the on the cell wall level of the wood structure.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FORMULASI GEL UNTUK SARIAWAN DARI EKSTRAK DAUN SAGA ( Abrus precatorius Linn. ) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Ratih Dyah Pertiwi ◽  
Joni Kristanto ◽  
Graha Ayu Praptiwi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Gel Preparation

One of plants used by Indonesian people as a traditional medicine is saga plant (Abrus precatorius L.). This plant has medicinal properties as medication for thrush, cough and laryngitis. Chemical constituents contained in sage leaves which work as antibacterial are flavonoid and saponin. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of saga leaves extract which can be formulated in a gel dosage form with qualified physical evaluation and has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Saga leaves extract is prepared by maceration method using ethanol 70% as solvent, and then the extract obtained is preliminarily tested to see its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with agar diffusion method. Gel formulation for thrush is made with dispersion method in three formulas with variants of active substance concentration that is FI (1%), FII (3%) and FIII (5%). Gel preparation antibacterial activity test is conducted with agar diffusion method as a plate cylinder. Based on this research, it was found that the extract of saga leaves which is positively made is efficacious as antibacterial and can be formulated into a gel preparation for thrush with optimal concentration in F III (5%), this is indicated by widest diameter of the inhibition area against Staphylococus aureus bacteria

The Citrus reticulata essential oil: evaluation of antifungal activity against penicillium species related to bakery products spoilage

10.5219/1695 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1112-1119
Author(s):  
Hana Ďúranová ◽  
Veronika Valková ◽  
Lucia Galovičová ◽  
Jana Štefániková ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method

Fungal food spoilage plays a key role in the deterioration of food products, and finding a suitable natural preservative can solve this problem. Therefore, antifungal activity of green mandarin (Citrus reticulata) essential oil (GMEO) in the vapor phase against the growth of Penicillium (P.) expansum and P. chrysogenum inoculated on wheat bread (in situ experiment) was investigated in the current research. The volatile compounds of the GMEO were analyzed by a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC–MS), and its antioxidant activity was determined by testing free radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH assay). Moreover, the disc diffusion method was used to analyze the antifungal activity of GMEO in in vitro conditions. The results demonstrate that the Citrus reticulata EO consisted of α-limonene as the most abundant component (71.5%), followed by γ-terpinene (13.9%), and β-pinene (3.5%), and it displayed the weak antioxidant activity with the value of inhibition 5.6 ±0.7%, which corresponds to 103.0 ±6.4 µg TEAC.mL-1. The findings from the GMEO antifungal activity determination revealed that values for the inhibition zone with disc diffusion method ranged from 0.00 ±0.00 (no antifungal effectiveness) to 5.67 ±0.58 mm (moderate antifungal activity). Finally, exposure of Penicillium strains growing on bread to GMEO in vapor phase led to the finding that 250 μL.L-1 of GMEO exhibited the lowest value for mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) of P. expansum (-51.37 ±3.01%) whose negative value reflects even supportive effect of the EO on the microscopic fungus growth. On the other hand, GMEO at this concentration (250 μL.L-1) resulted in the strongest inhibitory action (MGI: 54.15 ±1.15%) against growth of P. chrysogenum. Based on the findings it can be concluded that GMEO in the vapor phase is not an effective antifungal agent against the growth of P. expansum inoculated on bread; however, its antifungal potential manifested against P. chrysogenum suggests GMEO to be an appropriate alternative to the use of chemical inhibitors for bread preservation.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effect of 2% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine tested by different methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Rosane Galhardo Ribeiro ◽  
Cyntia R.A. Estrela ◽  
Jesus Djalma Pécora ◽  
Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial effect of 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) by agar diffusion test and by direct exposure test. Five microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and one mixture of these were used. These strains were inoculated in brain heart infusion (BHI) and incubated at 37ºC for 24 h. For the agar diffusion test (ADT), 18 Petri plates with 20 ml of BHI agar were inoculated with 0.1 ml of the microbial suspensions, using sterile swabs that were spread on the medium, obtaining growth in junction. Fifty-four paper disks (9 mm in diameter) were immersed in the experimental solutions for 1 min. Subsequently, three papers disks containing one of the substances were placed on the BHI agar surface in each agar plate. The plates were maintained for 1 h at room temperature, and then incubated at 37ºC for 48 h. The diameter of microbial inhibition was measured around the papers disks containing the substances. For the direct exposure test, 162 #50 sterile absorbent paper points were immersed in the experimental suspensions for 5 min, and were then placed on Petri plates and covered with one of the irrigant solutions, or with sterile distilled water (control group). After intervals of 5, 10 and 30 min, the paper points were removed from contact with the solutions and individually immersed in 7 ml of Letheen Broth, followed by incubation at 37ºC for 48 h. Microbial growth was evaluated by turbidity of the culture medium. A 0.1 ml inoculum obtained from the Letheen Broth was transferred to 7 ml of BHI, and incubated at 37ºC for 48 h. Bacterial growth was again evaluated by turbidity of the culture medium. Gram stain of BHI cultures was used for verification of contamination and growth was determined by macroscopic and microscopic examination. The best performance of antimicrobial effectiveness of NaOCl was observed in the direct exposure test, and of CHX was observed in the agar diffusion test. The magnitude of antimicrobial effect was influenced by the experimental methods, biological indicators and exposure time.

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