scholarly journals Performance Testing of Hot Mix Asphalt Modified with Recycled Waste Plastic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Saadeh ◽  
Pritam Katawał
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Rutting Resistance ◽  
The World ◽  
Ct Test ◽  
Recycled Waste ◽  
The Ideal

Plastic pollution has become one of the major concerns in the world. Plastic waste is not biodegradable, which makes it difficult to manage waste plastic pollution. Recycling and reusing waste plastic is an effective way to manage plastic pollution. Because of the huge quantity of waste plastic released into the world, industries requiring a large amount of material, like the pavement industry, can reuse some of this mammoth volume of waste plastics. Similarly, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has also become common practice to ensure sustainability. The use of recycled waste plastics and RAP in HMA mix can save material costs and conserve many pavement industries’ resources. To successfully modify HMA with RAP and waste plastic, the modified HMA should exhibit similar or better performance compared to conventional HMA. In this study, recycled waste plastic, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and RAP were added to conventional HMA, separately and together. The mechanical properties of conventional and modified HMA were examined and compared. The fatigue cracking resistance was measured with the IDEAL Cracking (IDEAL CT) test, and the Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test was conducted to investigate the rutting resistance of compacted HMA samples. The IDEAL CT test results showed that the cracking resistance was similar across plastic modified HMA and conventional HMA containing virgin aggregates. However, when 20% RAP aggregates were used in the HMA mix, the fatigue cracking resistance was found to be significantly lower in plastic modified HMA compared to conventional HMA. The rutting resistance from the HWT test at 20,000 passes was found to be similar in all conventional and modified HMA.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WARM MIX ASPHALT PAVEMENT CONTAINING RECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENT IN RHODE ISLAND

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Neha Shrestha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Rutting Resistance ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt

The warm mixed asphalt (WMA) technology has gained a lot of interests in the recent years in academia, state agencies and industries. WMA technology allows reductions in production and compaction temperatures guaranteeing relevant environmental and cost saving benefits. The purpose of the present study was to study and evaluate the performance of a typical additive in WMA pavement with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) on rutting, fatigue cracking and thermal cracking resistance on RI Route 102. In the present study, the asphalt binder was tested at different dosages of additive using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO), Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV), Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). From the overall test, it was found that 0.7% additive would lessen pavement damage due to rutting, fatigue cracking and thermal cracking. Based on the results of binder test, Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) and WMA specimens containing 20 % RAP were prepared using PG 58-28 asphalt binder and Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC). From the volumetric analysis of both HMA and WMA specimens, it was determined that the optimum binder content (OBC) for HMA with 20% RAP was 5.3 percent and the OBC for WMA (0.7% additive with RAP was 5.6%. It was found that the required amount of neat regular asphalt binder for WMA specimen was higher than the one required by HMA. HMA and WMA Specimens with each containing 20% RAP were prepared at OBC and indirect tensile (IDT) strength test were conducted on that specimen. The test indicated that the performance of HMA mixtures was better than WMA with same amount of RAP. RI Route 102 was used as case study in this research study. Route 102 was rehabilitated through Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) in 2015. First half road of RI Route 102 was built with HMA base and surface layer and the other half was built with WMA base and surface layer using a typical additive. It was found that both sections have similar value in Pavement Serviceability Index (PSI) and in International Roughness Index (IRI) at this time. Four specimens were prepared to predict the performance of asphalt pavement using the dynamic modulus and the master curve. Two HMA specimens each were prepared with and without RAP. Similarly, other two WMA specimens were prepared with and without RAP. These four specimens were tested with the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT) machine and developed the master curves for each specimen. The results of the material testing were used to predict the performance of each test sections by using AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design (PavementME) software. It was found that the WMA-RAP performed better in fatigue cracking resistance but was found to perform poor in rutting resistance than HMA and HMA-RAP. This indicated that fatigue cracking was not a problem with WMA-RAP mixtures whereas rutting resistance still requires further investigation and improvement.

scholarly journals Rutting and Fatigue Cracking Resistance of Waste Cooking Oil Modified Trinidad Asphaltic Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rean Maharaj ◽  
Vitra Ramjattan-Harry ◽  
Nazim Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Rutting Resistance ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Petroleum Bitumen ◽  
Resistance Decrease ◽  
Asphaltic Materials

The influence of waste cooking oil (WCO) on the performance characteristics of asphaltic materials indigenous to Trinidad, namely, Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA), Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB), and TLA : TPB (50 : 50) blend, was investigated to deduce the applicability of the WCO as a performance enhancer for the base asphalt. The rheological properties of complex modulus (G∗) and phase angle (δ) were measured for modified base asphalt blends containing up to 10% WCO. The results of rheology studies demonstrated that the incremental addition of WCO to the three parent binders resulted in incremental decreases in the rutting resistance (decrease inG∗/sinδvalues) and increases in the fatigue cracking resistance (decrease inG∗sinδvalue). The fatigue cracking resistance and rutting resistance for the TLA : TPB (50 : 50) blends were between those of the blends containing pure TLA and TPB. As operating temperature increased, an increase in the resistance to fatigue cracking and a decrease in the rutting resistance were observed for all of the WCO modified asphaltic blends. This study demonstrated the capability to create customized asphalt-WCO blends to suit special applications and highlights the potential for WCO to be used as an environmentally attractive option for improving the use of Trinidad asphaltic materials.

scholarly journals Performance Improvisation of Bituminous Roads using waste Plastic Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Xianglin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Bituminous Mixture ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Recycled Waste

Utilization of waste plastic as a aggregate in bituminous mix results in weak bonding between the plastic and bitumen. This study reports on the feasibility of using plastic waste and chemical additives to improvise the performance and mechanical properties of bituminous mixtures. The selected recycled waste plastics were used as partial aggregate replacement in bituminous mix product. Strong oxidizing mixture of dichromate and sulphuric acid was used to treat the plastic, while the bitumen was treated with a cross linking agent, polyethylene mine. Three modified bituminous mixtures were prepared and the stiffness results were compared with the control bituminous mixture. It was observed that the stiffness increased by 10% for the chemically modified bituminous mixtures. This improvement is attributed to an increase in the bonding forces between the aggregates and the bitumen. Besides, a mechanism is proposed in order to explain the effect of the chemical additives on the increase in the stiffness of the bituminous mixture.

scholarly journals Conversion of Waste Plastic to Oils for Tribological Applications

Lubricants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Soumya Sikdar ◽  
Arpith Siddaiah ◽  
Pradeep L. Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Catalytic Isomerization ◽  
Insight Into

Plastics are widely used owing to their light weight, easy production, and low cost. Even though plastics find application in different fields of industries and households, they do not degrade easily. If plastics are not disposed of appropriately, it has been shown that they cause widespread environmental pollution, which poses risks to human health. Recycling waste plastics has been an alternative to mitigating plastic pollution, which usually requires high labour costs and produces contaminated water during processing. If plastic recycling will contribute to the development of tribological products like lubricating oils, it is a safer alternative to disposing of plastics in the environment. In order to understand the tribological use of plastics by recycling, the present study reviews different techniques that can be employed to transform waste plastics into petroleum-based oils. The viscosity, density, and friction of pyrolyzed waste plastic oils are investigated and compared with commercial lubricants to assess their potential lubrication applications. The segregation processes, catalytic isomerization dewaxing, and Fischer–Tropsch method to recycle waste plastics are also reviewed to provide an insight into the methods to transform pyrolyzed waste plastic into lubricants.

The Tyranny of the Ideal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Gaus
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
Moral Inquiry ◽  
Open Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
Diverse Society ◽  
Just Society ◽  
The Ideal

This book lays out a vision for how we should theorize about justice in a diverse society. It shows how free and equal people, faced with intractable struggles and irreconcilable conflicts, might share a common moral life shaped by a just framework. The book argues that if we are to take diversity seriously and if moral inquiry is sincere about shaping the world, then the pursuit of idealized and perfect theories of justice—essentially, the entire production of theories of justice that has dominated political philosophy for the past forty years—needs to change. Drawing on recent work in social science and philosophy, the book points to an important paradox: only those in a heterogeneous society—with its various religious, moral, and political perspectives—have a reasonable hope of understanding what an ideally just society would be like. However, due to its very nature, this world could never be collectively devoted to any single ideal. The book defends the moral constitution of this pluralistic, open society, where the very clash and disagreement of ideals spurs all to better understand what their personal ideals of justice happen to be. Presenting an original framework for how we should think about morality, this book rigorously analyzes a theory of ideal justice more suitable for contemporary times.

Pengaruh Inflasi, BI Rate, NPF, dan BOPO terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
Toufan Aldian Syah
Keyword(s):  
Banking Industry ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Test Correlation ◽  
The Ideal

Banking industry has a very important role in economic development in a country. Indonesia, which is the largest Muslim country in the world, certainly has the prospect of the development of Sharia Banking Industry is very good in the future. However, the development of Sharia Bank has been slowing down in recent years and the profitability of sharia comercial banking is still below the ideal value. This study aims to determine the internal factors and external factors that affect the profitability of Sharia Bank in the year of January 2012 until August 2017. The variables used in this study are ROA, Inflation, NPF, and BOPO. The data used is aggregate data of all Sharia Commercial Banks recorded at Bank Indonesia. Measurement of Statistic Description, F-Test, T-Test, Correlation Coefficient, Coefficient of Determination and Multiple Linear Regression using IBM SPSS 21 software. The results showed that significant negative effect of BI rate, NPF and BOPO was found, while Inflation variable showed negative but not significant. Overall, the above variables affect the ROA of 87.7%, while 12.3% is likely to be influenced by other factors.

A Comprehensive Review on Blast Furnace

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Upendra Kumar ◽  
Avinash Patidar ◽  
Bhupendra Koshti
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Global Performance ◽  
Flow Heat ◽  
And Control ◽  
Recycled Waste

The design and control of blast furnace (BF) ironmaking must be optimized in order to be competitive and sustainable, particularly under the more and more demanding and tough economic and environmental conditions. To achieve this, it is necessary to understand the complex multiphase flow, heat and mass transfer, and global performance of a BF. In this paper injection of alternative reducing agents via lances in the tubers of blast furnaces is discussed to reduce the consumption of metallurgical coke. Besides liquid hydrocarbons and pulverized coal the injection of recycled waste plastics is possible, offering the opportunity to chemically reuse waste material and also utilize the energy contained in such remnants.

The World Underfoot

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallie M. Franks
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Physiological Reaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Ideal

In the Greek Classical period, the symposium—the social gathering at which male citizens gathered to drink wine and engage in conversation—was held in a room called the andron. From couches set up around the perimeter of the andron, symposiasts looked inward to the room’s center, which often was decorated with a pebble mosaic floor. These mosaics provided visual treats for the guests, presenting them with images of mythological scenes, exotic flora, dangerous beasts, hunting parties, or the specter of Dionysos, the god of wine, riding in his chariot or on the back of a panther. This book takes as its subject these mosaics and the context of their viewing. Relying on discourses in the sociology and anthropology of space, it argues that the andron’s mosaic imagery actively contributed to a complex, metaphorical experience of the symposium. In combination with the ritualized circling of the wine cup from couch to couch around the room and the physiological reaction to wine, the images of mosaic floors called to mind other images, spaces, or experiences, and, in doing so, prompted drinkers to reimagine the symposium as another kind of event—a nautical voyage, a journey to a foreign land, the circling heavens or a choral dance, or the luxury of an abundant past. Such spatial metaphors helped to forge the intimate bonds of friendship that are the ideal result of the symposium and that make up the political and social fabric of the Greek polis.

scholarly journals Waste Plastic, the Challenge Facing Developing Countries—Ban It, Change It, Collect It?

Recycling ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Taking Action

With changing consumption patterns, growing populations and increased urbanisation, developing countries face significant challenges with regards to waste management. Waste plastic is a particularly problematic one, with single-use plastic leaking into the environment, including the marine environment, at an unprecedented rate. Around the world, countries are taking action to minimise these impacts, including banning single-use plastics; changing petroleum-based plastics to alternative bio-benign products such as paper, glass or biodegradable plastics; and improving waste collection systems to ensure that all waste is appropriately collected and reprocessed or safely disposed. However, these “solutions” are often met with resistance, from business, government or civil society, due to the intended and unintended consequences, leaving many questioning the most appropriate solution to reducing the leakage. This paper argues that there is no one single solution to addressing the leakage of plastic into the environment, but that the solution is likely to be a combination of the three approaches, based on local considerations.

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