scholarly journals Hypoglycemic effects of antioxidant-rich plant extracts on postprandial glycemic responses in participants with prediabetes (GLARE study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Wen Xin Janice Lim ◽  
Cheryl S. Gammon ◽  
Pamela R. Von Hurst ◽  
Lynne Chepulis ◽  
Owen Mugridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Rooibos Tea ◽  
Tea Extract

Background: Plant extracts may help to improve glycemic control in individuals with poor glycemic control. However, few studies have been investigated in the prediabetes cohort, which is a high-risk condition for T2DM. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the acute effect of grape seed, rooibos tea, and olive leaf extracts on postprandial blood glucose and insulin in participants with prediabetes. Methods: An acute, single-blind, placebo-controlled, non-randomized, crossover study (ACTRN12617000837325) where placebo and extracts of grape seed, rooibos tea and olive leaf standardized for total antioxidant capacity were given separately during an oral glucose tolerance test to participants (n=19, five men and fourteen women, aged 65.0 ± 1.6 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) 27.3 ± 1.1 kg/m2) with prediabetes (Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 42 ± 1 mmol/mol). The primary outcome incremental area under the curve of glucose (iAUCglucose) was examined with other glycemic measures.  Data was analyzed using linear mixed model for repeated measures. Secondary analysis was conducted by stratifying participants into either a healthier or less healthy subgroup based on the postprandial time to glucose and insulin peaks, with the less healthy subgroup experiencing delayed glucose and/or insulin peaks.Results: There were no overall significant changes to glucose and insulin measures between all plant extracts and placebo (p>0.05). Upon secondary analysis, all extracts affected glycemic responses in the less healthy subgroup. Compared to placebo, grape seed reduced plasma iAUCglucose(p=0.016, 21.9% reduction), 2 h postprandial glucose (2hPG) (p=0.034, 14.7% reduction) and metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCRglucose) (p=0.016, 16.7% increase). It also improved insulin indices such as 2 h postprandial insulin (2hPI) (p=0.029, 22.4% reduction) and Stumvoll overall insulin sensitivity index (ISIoverall) (p=0.028, 15.0% increase). Rooibos tea extract significantly improved β-cell function as demonstrated by the increased oral disposition index (DI) (p=0.031, 32.4% increase) compared to placebo. Olive leaf extract significantly increased incremental area under the curve of insulin (iAUCinsulin) (p=0.040, 16.7% increase).      Conclusion: Grape seed, rooibos tea and olive leaf extracts demonstrated acute hypoglycemic benefits in adults with prediabetes and having less healthy metabolic profiles. A chronic study on the plant extracts is warranted to determine their longer-term impact on prediabetes.Trial Registration ID: ACTRN12617000837325Keywords: grape seed extract; rooibos tea extract; olive leaf extract; impaired glycemic control; hyperglycemia; hypoglycemic effects; insulin sensitivity; beta-cell function

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Bark and Leaf Extracts of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea Grown in Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar Region, Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-279
Author(s):  
Mohamed E.I. Badawy ◽  
Ibrahim E.A. Kherallah ◽  
Ahmed S.O. Mohareb ◽  
Mohamed. Z.M. Salem ◽  
Hameda A. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Juniperus Phoenicea ◽  
The Impact

Background:Plant extracts are important products in the world and have been widely used for isolation of important biologically active products. Because of their significant environmental impact, extensive research has been explored to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts.Methods:Acetone extracts of the bark and leaf of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea, collected from three different altitudes (125, 391, and 851 m high of sea level) at Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar area, Libya were obtained and analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was further evaluated against plant bacteria Rhizobium radiobacter, Erwinia carotovora, Rhodococcus fascians and Ralstonia solanacearum and fungus Botrytis cinerea.Results:The impact of the altitude from the sea level on the quantity and chemical constituents of the extracts was investigated. The yield was largely dependent on tree species and the highest yield (6.50%) was obtained with C. sempervirens L bark of altitude III (851 m of the sea level), while the lowest (1.17%) was obtained with the leaf extract of C. sempervirens L from altitude I (125 m). The chemical composition analyzed by GC/MS confirmed that the leaf extracts of C. sempervirens and J. phoenicea contained a complex mixture of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolic, steroids and phthalates. However, the bark extracts of both trees contained a mixture of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolics, phthalates, retinol and steroids. These constituents revealed some variability among the extracts displaying the highest interesting chemotype of totarol (terpenophenolic) in all extracts (14.63-78.19% of the total extract). The extracts displayed a noteworthy antifungal potency with varying degrees of inhibition of growth with EC50 values ranged from 78.50 to 206.90 mg/L. The extracts obtained from the leaves of C. sempervirens showed that the highest inhibitory activity was obtained with the extract of altitude II (391 m) with MIC 565, 510, 380 and 710 mg/L against E. carotovora, R. fascians, and R. radiobacter and R. solanacearum, respectively.Conclusion:Based on antimicrobial activity, raw plant extracts can be a cost-effective way to protect crops from microbial pathogens. Because plant extracts contain several antimicrobial compounds, the development of resistant pathogens can be delayed.

scholarly journals Addition of Olive Leaf Extract to a Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils Decreases Fatty Acid Oxidation and Synergically Attenuates Age-Induced Hypertension, Sarcopenia and Insulin Resistance in Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Daniel González-Hedström ◽  
María de la Fuente-Fernández ◽  
Teresa Priego ◽  
Ana Isabel Martín ◽  
Sara Amor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Olive-derived products, such as virgin olive oil (EVOO) and/or olive leaf extracts (OLE), exert anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing and antihypertensive properties and may be useful for stabilizing omega 3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) due to their high content in antioxidant compounds. In this study, the addition of OLE 4:0.15 (w/w) to a mixture of algae oil (AO) rich in n-3 PUFA and EVOO (25:75, w/w) prevents peroxides formation after 12 months of storage at 30 °C. Furthermore, the treatment with the oil mixture (2.5 mL/Kg) and OLE (100 mg/Kg) for 24 month old Wistar rats in 21 days improved the lipid profile, increased the HOMA-IR and decreased the serum levels of miRNAs 21 and 146a. Treatment with this new nutraceutical also prevented age-induced insulin resistance in the liver, gastrocnemius and visceral adipose tissue by decreasing the mRNA levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Oil mixture + OLE also attenuated the age-induced alterations in vascular function and prevented muscle loss by decreasing the expression of sarcopenia-related markers. In conclusion, treatment with a new nutraceutical based on a mixture of EVOO, AO and OLE is a useful strategy for improving the stability of n-3 PUFA in the final product and to attenuate the cardiometabolic and muscular disorders associated with aging.

scholarly journals Prediction of anemia at delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enav Yefet ◽  
Avishag Yossef ◽  
Zohar Nachum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Iron Supplement ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Study Database

AbstractWe aimed to assess risk factors for anemia at delivery by conducting a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study database including 1527 women who delivered vaginally ≥ 36 gestational weeks. Anemia (Hemoglobin (Hb) < 10.5 g/dL) was assessed at delivery. A complete blood count results during pregnancy as well as maternal and obstetrical characteristics were collected. The primary endpoint was to determine the Hb cutoff between 24 and 30 gestational weeks that is predictive of anemia at delivery by using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Independent risk factors for anemia at delivery were assessed using stepwise multivariable logistic regression. Hb and infrequent iron supplement treatment were independent risk factors for anemia at delivery (OR 0.3 95%CI [0.2–0.4] and OR 2.4 95%CI [1.2–4.8], respectively; C statistics 83%). Hb 10.6 g/dL was an accurate cutoff to predict anemia at delivery (AUC 80% 95%CI 75–84%; sensitivity 75% and specificity 74%). Iron supplement was beneficial to prevent anemia regardless of Hb value. Altogether, Hb should be routinely tested between 24 and 30 gestational weeks to screen for anemia. A flow chart for anemia screening and treatment during pregnancy is proposed in the manuscript.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02434653.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity and in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts to pseudomonas fluorescens isolates collected from diseased fish

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Foysal ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
M Alam
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Studies were conducted to identify Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from a collection of bacteria isolated from bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia infected carp and catfish, evaluate their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and screen the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts against the isolates.. A total of 10 isolates were identified as P. fluorescens by morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of the P. fluorescens isolates were conducted by disc diffusion method for seven antibiotics where, all of the isolates were found to be sensitive only against streptomycin and gentamycin but, most of the isolates (80%) were found resistant to chloramphenicol (C). Moreover, eighty percent of the isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. A total of 118 plant extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against the P. fluorescens isolates where the isolates exhibited sensitivity to 30 samples. Leaf extracts of Tamarindus indicus, Terminalia chebula, Citrus aurantifolia, Eugenia caryophyllata and Spondias pinnata were found to inhibit the growth of all of the P. fluorescens isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i4.9733 IJNS 2011 1(4): 82-88

scholarly journals Serum CA19-9 Level Associated with Metabolic Control and Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Diabetic Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyong Yu ◽  
Ruixia Li ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Haibing Chen ◽  
Yuqian Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell Function

CA19-9 is a tumor-associated antigen. It is also a marker of pancreatic tissue damage that might be caused by diabetes. Long-term poor glycemic control may lead to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction which is reflected by elevated serum CA19-9 level. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation leads to islet dysfunction and impaired insulin secretion which provide a new lipotoxic model. This study firstly found total cholesterol was one of the independent contributors to CA19-9. Elevated serum CA19-9 level in diabetic patients may indicate further investigations of glycemic control, pancreatic beta cell function, and total cholesterol level.

scholarly journals HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS as a Powerful Analytical Tool for Characterising Phenolic Compounds in Olive-leaf Extracts

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Quirantes-Piné ◽  
Jesús Lozano-Sánchez ◽  
Miguel Herrero ◽  
Elena Ibáñez ◽  
Antonio Segura-Carretero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Powerful Analytical Tool

scholarly journals The Effects of Extracts of Lantana camara (L.) and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) on the Population Dynamics of Plutella xylostella, Brevicoryne brassicae and Hellula undalis on Cabbage

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Baidoo ◽  
J. I. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hellula Undalis

<p>The effects of ethanolic extract of neem, <em>Azadirachta indica</em> (Meliaceae), seeds and petroleum ether extract of <em>Lantana camara</em> leaves (Verbenaceae) on the populations of three cabbage pests, <em>Plutella xylostella</em>, <em>Brevicoryne brassicae</em> and <em>Hellula undalis</em> were studied. The study was conducted between January and April 2008. Extracts of the two plants were sprayed on cabbage plants to control these pests. A standard synthetic chemical insecticide (Mektin) was used as reference product. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design and each treatment was replicated four times. The effects of plant extracts on the population dynamics of the pests’ species, the level of infestation and yield were assessed. Significantly more of the pests infested the control plants than the treated plants (<em>P</em>&lt; 0.01). The mean weight of cabbage heads on the sprayed plots was significantly heavier than that of the control unsprayed plots. The use of <em>A. indica</em> seeds and <em>L. camara</em> leaf extracts increased yield by 37.05% and 25.80%, respectively. Spraying the cabbage plants with the plant extracts significantly reduced the numbers of pests compared with the control plants. The use of these plant extracts can be incorporated into an overall control programme of these pests.</p>

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