scholarly journals Assessment of the knowledge of nutritional recommendations and way of nutrition in vegetarians and vegans

2021 ◽  
pp. 381-391
Author(s):  
Sandra Marciniak ◽  
Ewa Lange ◽  
Wacław Laskowski
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Vegetarian Diets

Background. People following a vegetarian diet can obtain all the essential nutrients from a variety of foods. Among the nutrients, protein, iron, calcium, zinc, and vitamins B12 and D3 require special attention. Objective. To assess the knowledge of dietary recommendations among different groups of vegetarians and the diet they follow. Material and methods. The study involved a total of 390 subjects (360 women and 30 men), aged 18–60 years, who were following different vegetarian diets. The study was conducted in November 2020 via Facebook using the Computerassisted web interviewing (CAWI) method. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous, and sample selection was intentional (participants were members of groups for vegetarians in Facebook). Statistical analysis was carried out using the Chi2 test, using Statistica 13.3 (at p=0.05). Results. To develop the results, the respondents were divided into 4 groups according to their diet: vegan, pescovegetarian, lactovegetarian, and people following other types of diets. The body mass index of nearly 2/3 of the respondents was within the normal range, and more than 80% of the respondents rated their health as good or very good. An analysis of the frequency of consumption of food products showed that, regardless of the type of vegetarian diet they followed, the participants adhered to the principles of proper nutrition. The respondents who rated their nutritional knowledge as very good were more likely to consume vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole-grain cereals, and rarely consumed sweet and salty snacks, alcoholic and energizing drinks, or fast food. Vegans more frequently consumed fruits, vegetables, legumes, vegetable fats, and vegetable substitutes for meat and dairy products compared to other vegetarians. In addition to plant products, pesco- and lactovegetarians included selected animal-derived products in their food rations, thus skillfully diversifying the diet. More than 80% of the vegetarians used dietary supplements, mainly vitamins D and B12. Conclusions. Regardless of the type of vegetarian diet followed, the participants seemed to be aware of how to balance their diet and the ingredients that should be supplemented, even though a vast majority of them did not consult a diet specialist.

scholarly journals Changing to a vegetarian diet reduces the body creatine pool in omnivorous women, but appears not to affect carnitine and carnosine homeostasis: a randomised trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (7) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Blancquaert ◽  
Audrey Baguet ◽  
Tine Bex ◽  
Anneke Volkaert ◽  
Inge Everaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Carnosine ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

AbstractBalanced vegetarian diets are popular, although they are nearly absent in creatine and carnosine and contain considerably less carnitine than non-vegetarian diets. Few longitudinal intervention studies investigating the effect of a vegetarian diet on the availability of these compounds currently exist. We aimed to investigate the effect of transiently switching omnivores onto a vegetarian diet for 6 months on muscle and plasma creatine, carnitine and carnosine homeostasis. In a 6-month intervention, forty omnivorous women were ascribed to three groups: continued omnivorous diet (control,n10), vegetarian diet without supplementation (Veg+Pla,n15) and vegetarian diet combined with dailyβ-alanine (0·8–0·4 g/d) and creatine supplementation (1 g creatine monohydrate/d) (Veg+Suppl,n15). Before (0 months; 0M), after 3 months (3M) and 6 months (6M), a fasted venous blood sample and 24-h urine was collected, and muscle carnosine content was determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Muscle biopsies were obtained at 0M and 3M. Plasma creatine and muscle total creatine content declined from 0M to 3M in Veg+Pla (P=0·013 andP=0·009, respectively), whereas plasma creatine increased from 0M in Veg+Suppl (P=0·004). None of the carnitine-related compounds in plasma or muscle showed a significant time×group interaction effect.1H-MRS-determined muscle carnosine content was unchanged over 6M in control and Veg+Pla, but increased in Veg+Suppl in soleus (P<0·001) and gastrocnemius (P=0·001) muscle. To conclude, the body creatine pool declined over a 3-month vegetarian diet in omnivorous women, which was ameliorated when accompanied by low-dose dietary creatine supplementation. Carnitine and carnosine homeostasis was unaffected by a 3- or 6-month vegetarian diet, respectively.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Changes and Determinants of Children’s and Adolescents’ Body Weight Increase during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Greece: The COV-EAT Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Odysseas Androutsos ◽  
Maria Perperidi ◽  
Christos Georgiou ◽  
Giorgos Chouliaras
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Body Weight Increase

Previous studies showed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown imposed changes in adults’ lifestyle behaviors; however, there is limited information regarding the effects on youth. The COV-EAT study aimed to report changes in children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle habits during the first COVID-19 lockdown and explore potential associations between changes of participants’ lifestyle behaviors and body weight. An online survey among 397 children/adolescents and their parents across 63 municipalities in Greece was conducted in April–May 2020. Parents self-reported changes of their children’s lifestyle habits and body weight, as well as sociodemographic data of their family. The present study shows that during the lockdown, children’s/adolescents’ sleep duration and screen time increased, while their physical activity decreased. Their consumption of fruits and fresh fruit juices, vegetables, dairy products, pasta, sweets, total snacks, and breakfast increased, while fast-food consumption decreased. Body weight increased in 35% of children/adolescents. A multiple regression analysis showed that the body weight increase was associated with increased consumption of breakfast, salty snacks, and total snacks and with decreased physical activity. The COV-EAT study revealed changes in children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle behaviors during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Effective strategies are needed to prevent excessive body weight gain in future COVID-19 lockdowns.

scholarly journals Prospective association between adherence to dietary recommendations and incident depressive symptoms in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moufidath Adjibade ◽  
Cédric Lemogne ◽  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
Pilar Galan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractA posteriorihealthier dietary patterns and several nutrients have been associated with lower risks of depression in various studies; however, evidence is lacking with regard to the prospective association between adherence to nutritional recommendations (food-based and nutrient-based recommendations) and incident depression or depressive symptoms. In this study, we investigate such associations in the NutriNet Santé cohort. The study sample included 26 225 participants (aged 18–86 years) who were initially free of depressive symptoms. Adherence to nutritional recommendations was measured by four scores namely modified French Programme National Nutrition Santé-Guideline Score (mPNNS-GS), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Probability of Adequate Nutrient Intake Dietary Score (PANDiet) and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), using non-consecutive dietary record data during the first 2 years of follow-up (mean number of recording days=8,sd2). Depressive symptoms were defined by a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score ≥17 for men and ≥23 for women. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios and 95 % CI, modelling the dietary scores as standardised continuous variables and as tertiles. Over a mean follow-up of 6 years, we identified 2166 incident cases of depressive symptoms. All dietary scores with the exception of the AHEI-2010 were significantly inversely associated with incident depressive symptoms. In the fully adjusted model, an increase of 1sdin the mPNNS-GS, PANDiet and DQI-I was, respectively, associated with an 8 % (95 % CI 4, 13), 5 % (95 % CI 1, 9) and 9 % (95 % CI 5, 13) reduction in the risk of depressive symptoms. Overall, these findings suggest that diet in accordance with national or international guidelines could have beneficial effects with regard to mental health.

The Role of the Coelomic Fluid in the Movements of Earthworms

1950 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. NEWELL
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Average Pressure ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Barrier ◽  
Intrinsic Muscles

1. A short review is given of the coelom and of its morphological relations in the earthworm. 2. The arrangement of the intrinsic muscles in a typical septum is described. Four main sets of muscles are recognized: viz. radial muscles, circular muscles, oblique muscles, and the sphincter around the ventral foramen. 3. It is suggested that the function of the radial, circular and possibly of the oblique muscles is to control bulging of the septa, and so serve to localize differences in pressure in the coelomic fluid. Normally, in active worms, the sphincter of the ventral foramen is contracted and forms an effective barrier to the passage of fluid from one coelomic compartment to the next. This was verified experimentally and by X-ray photography. 4. A series of measurements of the pressure in the coelomic fluid in different regions of active worms was recorded by means of a capillary manometer and by the use of a spoon-gauge apparatus. Manometric measurements showed the average pressure in the anterior third of the body to be 16.0 cm. water and in the tail region to be 8.0 cm. water. The corresponding figures obtained with a spoon gauge were 13.5 and 8.5 cm. water. The pressure in narcotized worms is zero. 5. These results are discussed, and it is pointed out that the manometer readings suffer from the disadvantage of failing to show the rapid fluctuations in pressure which occur during wriggling movements of the worms. 6. It is calculated from these pressure readings that a worm can exert a forward thrust equivalent to forces of between 1.5 and 8.0 g. These figures agree well with those obtained by Gray & Lissman by the use of a special torsion balance. 7. The burrowing movements of earthworms are briefly described. 8. It is shown that the sphincters of the dorsal pores and of the nephridiopores do not normally allow of the escape of coelomic fluid, and will withstand a pressure well outside the normal range.

Organization of Therapeutic Nutrition in a Complex of Therapeutic Measures for Acute Glomerulonephritis

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Elena Vitalievna Perminova
Keyword(s):  
Salt Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Special Diet ◽  
Organization Of Care ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
High Incidence Rate

Organization of care for patients with glomerulonephritis is a rather urgent problem today, due to the high incidence rate and the tendency to progression of renal dysfunction. When discussing treatment issues, it is necessary to pay attention to the fulfillment of three basic requirements for patients, which include normalization of the life regime (in particular, the exclusion of night work, avoiding stressful situations and heavy physical activity when having high blood pressure), the implementation of certain dietary recommendations and prolonged drug treatment [3]. Diseases of the kidneys as the main organ, the affection of which leads to a deterioration of excretory function, require a special diet with a restriction of a number of products. Against the background of glomerulonephritis disruption of the process of glomerular filtration, which in some cases leads to the development of renal failure, it is necessary to reduce the intake of food substances that can have a negative effect on the body — alcohol, smoked meats, spicy, salty foods, preserves, sausages, foods with high protein and salt content. Moreover, one should also take control of the amount of fluid consumed and ensure compliance with the frequency and regularity of food intake.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristic of black-winged myna (acridotheres melanopterus)*

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 06006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaldi Ednin Vernia ◽  
Anais Tritto ◽  
Abinawanto Abinawanto ◽  
Nurul Winarni ◽  
Anita mayasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristic ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Breeding Management ◽  
Black Feather ◽  
Average Body

Black-winged myna (Acridotheres melanopterus) is an endemic bird of Java and Bali, currently critically endangered based on International Union of Conservation for Nature (IUCN) since 2010. The study about black-winged myna morphological characteristic is important because it has two relatives with almost identical features of morphology. The information can be used as a basis in breeding management to avoid hybridization. The study aims to determine the morphological characteristics of black-winged myna. The sample selection was done using purposive sampling method. Data was taken from 36 black-winged mynas with >=2 years old. Data collection was done by measuring and documenting every morphological feature of the observed body parts. Documentation of the wings, back, chest, head and sides of the body are taken from each bird using a digital camera. The results showed that almost the entire body of black-winged myna covered by white feather, black feather only present on the cover of the wings and tail. Black eyes surrounded by yellow skin without feather. The beak is orange with blackish parts around the nostrils. The bird has yellow legs with three fingers at the front and one finger at the back. The average body length of this bird is 22.5 cm, weight 89.02 g, width 5.98 cm, body circumference 14.36 cm and wingspan 38.49 cm.

Health Implications of a Vegetarian Diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Marsh ◽  
Carol Zeuschner ◽  
Angela Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Chronic Health Problems

There is now a significant amount of research that demonstrates the health benefits of vegetarian and plant-based diets, which have been associated with a reduced risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and some types of cancer as well as increased longevity. Vegetarian diets are typically lower in fat, particularly saturated fat, and higher in dietary fiber. They are also likely to include more whole grains, legumes, nuts, and soy protein, and together with the absence of red meat, this type of eating plan may provide many benefits for the prevention and treatment of obesity and chronic health problems, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although a well-planned vegetarian or vegan diet can meet all the nutritional needs of an individual, it may be necessary to pay particular attention to some nutrients to ensure an adequate intake, particularly if the person is on a vegan diet. This article will review the evidence for the health benefits of a vegetarian diet and also discuss strategies for meeting the nutritional needs of those following a vegetarian or plant-based eating pattern.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DIETARY TRENDS ON THE NUTRITION OF THE YOUTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1740-1746
Author(s):  
Anita Bielawska ◽  
Katarzyna Tomczyk ◽  
Beata Łabuz-Roszak
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Young People ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
School Students ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Balanced Diet

Introduction: Dietary trends such as consumption of lactose-free and gluten-free products or the use of alternative slimming diets are gaining increasing popularity, especially among young people. They determine their dietary choices, which are important from the point of view of human health. Unconventional diets are still considered as effective weight loss methods. The use of alternative diets may cause shortages of an essential nutrients, increase the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and lead to the formation of incorrect eating habits. Balanced diet, in contrast to the alternative diet, takes into account the principles of rational nutrition and nutritional recommendations of the Institute of Food and Nutrition (IŻŻ). The aim: To investigate the influence of popular dietary trends on nutrition of high school adolescences. Material and methods: Subjects were adolescences in the age of 17-21 years attending high schools in Ruda Slaska (262 students, including 157 women and 105 men). Self-constructed questionnaire was applied in the study. Participation in the study was anonymous and voluntary. Results: In more than a half of young women (54,8%) and men (52,4%) the body mass deficiency was revealed (BMI<18 kg/m2). 33,6% of the respondents were on the non-balanced diets at least once in their lives. High school students knew gluten-free and lactose-free products but dietary trends, such as the consumption of gluten-free and lactose-free products, did not affect their diet. The main source of nutritional knowledge among respondents were their friends (78,2%). Conclusions: The results of the conducted research indicate the need to implement educational programs on the principles of proper nutrition. The increasing awareness of theyouth in this regard may contribute to reducing the interest in still popular alternative diets among young people and taking appropriate health behaviors by them.

scholarly journals Comparison Study Between Local TSH IRMA Kit (CRRT) and Imported TSH IRMA Kit (Riakey, Korea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Gina Mondrida ◽  
Triningsih Triningsih ◽  
Kristina Dwi Purwanti ◽  
Sutari Sutari ◽  
Sri Setyowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Complex Matrix ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Immunoassay Technique ◽  
Tsh Levels

<p><em>Thyroid Stimulating Hormone</em> (TSH) is one of hormones that our body need for growth of brains, bones and other tissues and regulate the metabolism in the body. Normal range of TSH for adult is from 0.3 to 5.5 µIU/ml, whereas for baby ranged from 3 to 18 µIU/ml. An Immunoradiometricassay (IRMA) is one of immunoassay technique using radionuclide as the tracer to detect low quantity of analyte. This technique is suitable for determine TSH levels in human blood serum which has complex matrix and various concentration. The Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology (CRRT)-BATAN has developed a reagent of TSH IRMA kit. The aim of this research is to compare between local TSH IRMA kit (CRRT-BATAN) and imported TSH IRMA kit (Riakey, Korea) toward 110 adult samples obtained from PTKMR - BATAN. The results showed 97 samples as true negative, 5 samples as true positive, 1 sample as false negative and 7 samples false positive. The comparison study gave diagnostic sensitivity as much as 83.33 %, diagnostic spesificity as much as 93.27 % and accuracy as much as 92.72 %.</p>

scholarly journals Iodine and pregnancy – a UK cross-sectional survey of dietary intake, knowledge and awareness

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Combet ◽  
M. Bouga ◽  
B. Pan ◽  
M. E. J. Lean ◽  
C. O. Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
In Pregnancy

Iodine is a key component of the thyroid hormones, which are critical for healthy growth, development and metabolism. The UK population is now classified as mildly iodine-insufficient. Adequate levels of iodine during pregnancy are essential for fetal neurodevelopment, and mild iodine deficiency is linked to developmental impairments. In the absence of prophylaxis in the UK, awareness of nutritional recommendations during pregnancy would empower mothers to make the right dietary choices leading to adequate iodine intake. The present study aimed to: estimate mothers' dietary iodine intake in pregnancy (using a FFQ); assess awareness of the importance of iodine in pregnancy with an understanding of existing pregnancy dietary and lifestyle recommendations with relevance for iodine; examine the level of confidence in meeting adequate iodine intake. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and questionnaires were distributed between August 2011 and February 2012 on local (Glasgow) and national levels (online electronic questionnaire); 1026 women, UK-resident and pregnant or mother to a child aged up to 36 months participated in the study. While self-reported awareness about general nutritional recommendations during pregnancy was high (96 %), awareness of iodine-specific recommendations was very low (12 %), as well as the level of confidence of how to achieve adequate iodine intake (28 %). Median pregnancy iodine intake, without supplements, calculated from the FFQ, was 190 μg/d (interquartile range 144–256μg/d), which was lower than that of the WHO's recommended intake for pregnant women (250 μg/d). Current dietary recommendations in pregnancy, and their dissemination, are found not to equip women to meet the requirements for iodine intake.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document