scholarly journals Natural death of the employees at workplace in Ukraine in the dynamics of 2015-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
A.M. Nahorna ◽  
◽  
N.V. Savenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Cultural Sphere

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a gradual decline in occupational traumatism in Ukraine, but an in-depth analysis of the data shows that statistics does not fully reveal the complexity of the current situation on occupational traumatism and the quality of its registration and record-keeping, especially in case of sudden death at a workplace. According to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of April 17, 2019 № 337 on «Procedure for investigation and record-keeping of the incidents, occupational diseases, and accidents at the production» (with changes made in accordance with the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers № 1, 05.01.2021) the amendments were made where the circumstances of an accident and / or acute occupational disease (poisoning), cases of sudden death were recognized as related to production (according to the Article 52, paragraphs 6-8). Objective: We identified the regularities of the formation of the indicators of natural death at workplace of the employees over 2015-2020 in Ukraine. Materials and methods: According to the data of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine and the State Labour Service of Ukraine, we performed the analysis of natural deaths of the employees at workplace in the dynamics of monitoring by the types of economic activity, occupations and causes over 2015-2020 and established the ways for the improvement of their record-keeping. Statistical data were evaluated with the help of rankings, methods of generally accepted statistical analysis. Results and discussion: From 2015 to 2019, the number of the accidents at production, registered and recognized as insured events, decreased from 4,260 to 3,876 (by 9.0%), and the number of the fatal traumatized increased from 375 to 422 (by 11.1%). In 2020, the number of the accidents (A) increased up to 6121 (by 30.4%), and the accidents with fatal consequences increased up to 653 (by 42.5%), mainly due to the diseases of circulatory system and COVID-19. In recent years, there has been an increase in sudden deaths (SD) and «rejuvenation» of the contingent of working people.The problem of natural death is actual worldwide and according to the WHO, makes up 5-7%. Among those who died of natural causes, young people aged 20-39 years make up a significant proportion, mainly due to circulatory diseases and COVID-19. It was established that in the dynamics of 2015-2020, there were 4861 cases of natural death (ND) at workplace in Ukraine, which are 8.0-16.2 per 100 thousand working population and 27.2-55.0 per 100 thousand population working under harmful working conditions against 5.3 and 14.1 in 2012. The analysis of cases of ND in terms of gender, age and length of service shows that more than 77.0% are men aged 20-60 years old. The distribution of cases of ND at the workplace in Ukraine by the branches of industry shows that the socio-cultural sphere (30.0-55.2%), transport (16%), engineering and metallurgy (10.5-6.6%), coal and mining industry (4.2-2.4%) are the main ones. The cases of ND at workplaces from diseases of the circulatory system in the employees of social sphere and transport, miners of coal mines have been analyzed in details. The methods of prevention of ND at workplace are proposed. Conclusions: 1. The problem of natural death at the workplace requires an additional legislation to determine the circumstances of death connected with the working conditions or the feautures of the production process. 2. The most frequent cases of ND at the workplace in Ukraine are registered among employees of the socio-cultural sphere (30.0-55.2%), transport (16%), mechanical engineering and metallurgical industry (10.5-6.6%), construction and road construction, agro-industrial complex , coal and mining industry (4.2-2.4%). 3. Diseases of the circulatory system (acute cardiovascular failure (heart attack, stroke), coronary heart disease, heart and lung failure on the background of nervous and emotional stress, lack of sleep, the presence of a complex work schedule (daily, 12 hours, night shifts, which requires a separate study of causation) and impact of the adverse factors of the working environment were the main causes of ND in the employees. 4. Prevention of ND is in the field of the restoration of the system of providing medical care to employees, improvement of the quality of preventive medical examinations, pre-shift control, occupational selection.

A Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Cytisine for Smoking Cessation in Medium-Dependent Workers

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Vinnikov ◽  
Nurlan Brimkulov ◽  
Aichurek Burjubaeva
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
High Relapse Rate ◽  
Continuous Abstinence ◽  
Effective Medication

AbstractAmong many studies on cytisine only a few have been controlled trials, and the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of cytisine in a randomized controlled double-blind trial compared to placebo in medium-dependent smoking men working in mining industry. Materials and methods: 171 middle-aged smokers were randomised to either cytisine (25-days regimen) or placebo; both groups received individual counseling with brochure. Self-reported continuous abstinence was assessed at 8 and 26 weeks. Results: At the end of week 8 there were no differences in number of abstinent subjects, but at 26 weeks 10.6% of subjects were abstinent in cytisine group compared to 1.2% in placebo (p = .01). In both groups, we did not find any weight increase, but quality of life improved in both groups, and physical and social functioning improved in cytisine group. Conclusions: Cytisine may be an effective medication to help smokers quit even for those working in difficult working conditions with high relapse rate.

scholarly journals Стан виробничого травматизму та професійних захворювань в Україні

2019 ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
А. П. Березовський ◽  
О. М. Трус ◽  
Е. В. Прокопенко
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
General Level ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Workplace Injuries ◽  
Fatal Accidents ◽  
Coal Mining Industry ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Industrial Injuries

Мета статті – дослідження стану виробничого травматизму та професійних захворювань в Україні, виявлення причин травматизму та шляхів його запобігання. Методика дослідження. Для визначення кількісних показників, що характеризує загальний рівень виробничого травматизму (акти за формою Н–1) та професійних захворювань (акти за формою П–4) використовували статистичний метод. Результати дослідження. Проведено порівняльний аналіз стану виробничого травматизму та професійних захворювань на виробництві за галузями нагляду і регіонами України за 2015–2017 роки. Встановлено, що показники виробничого травматизму, зокрема зі смертельними наслідками мають тенденцію до зниження. 2017 року кількість травмованих на виробництві порівняно з 2016 роком зменшилася на 115 осіб, а у 2015 році спостерігалося збільшення травмованих на 53 особи. Рівень смертельного травматизму в 2017 році зменшився на 34 і 9 осіб відповідно. Наведено дані про зростання кількості професійних захворювань на виробництві в 2017 році порівняно з попередніми роками. Встановлено, що найбільше професійних захворювань сталося в галузях добувної промисловості і розробленні кар’єрів. Елементи наукової новизни. Встановлено, що показники виробничого травматизму, зокрема. зі смертельними наслідками, мають тенденцію до зниження. Спостерігається зростання кількості професійних захворювань на виробництві порівняно з попередніми роками. Практична значущість. Найбільш травмонебезпечними галузями залишаються соціально-культурна сфера та торгівля, вугільна промисловість, агропромисловий комплекс, транспорт, машинобудування, металургійна промисловість, будівництво, хімічна промисловість та енергетика. The purpose of the article is to investigate the state of industrial traumatism and professional diseases in Ukraine, to identify the causes of injuries and ways to prevent them. Methods of the research. We used the statistical method to determine the quantitative indicators characterizing the general level of industrial injuries (statements according to H-1 form) and professional diseases (statements according to П–4 form). The research results. The article presents the comparative analysis of the level of occupational injuries and professional diseases in the industries according to field of survey and the regions of Ukraine over the period from 2015 to 2017. It has been established that the indices of industrial injuries including fatal accidents show a declining tendency. In 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016, the number of injured employees at workplaces decreased by 115 persons or by 2.6 % (4313 injured as compared to 4428 respectively). In comparison with 2015, the level of workplace injuries in 2017 increased by 1.2 % or 53 persons (4313 injured as compared to 4260 correspondingly). There has been an increase in the injury rate at the enterprises of different branches, namely: in social-cultural sphere and trade, coal-mining industry, machine-building, construction, housing and utility sector. Workplace injury level increased in 2017 as compared to 2015 in Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia regions and Kyiv. The level of fatal workplace injuries in Ukraine in 2017 decreased by 34 persons or 8.5 % (366 fatal casualties against 400) compared to 2016 and by 9 persons or 2.5 % (366 fatal accidents against 375) compares to 2015. In comparison to 2015, the level of fatal injuries in 2017 increased in the construction, transport, boiler maintenance, lifting devices. The highest level of fatal accidents at work places over the period of 2015–2017 was recorded in Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv, Poltava, Odesa regions. In the structure of professional diseases those of the respiratory system rank first (779 cases). Muscular-skeletal disorders (590 cases) rank second, vibration disease takes the third place (143 cases) and hearing disorders are in the fourth place (107 cases). Other diseases in the structure of professional illnesses make up 8.5 %. It has been established that the greatest number of professional diseases was in the extractive industry and quarry development. The elements of scientific novelty. It has been established that the indicators of industrial injuries, including fatal, tend to decrease. There has been an increase in the number of occupational diseases at work as compared with the previous years. Practical importance. Social-cultural sphere and trade, coal-mining industry, agro-industrial complex, transport, machine-building, metallurgy, construction, chemical industry, and power engineering remain the most traumatic industries.

Working conditions and occupational pathology of Kola Polar miners

2020 ◽  
pp. 456-461
Author(s):  
S. A. Syurin ◽  
S. A. Gorbanev
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Special Assessment ◽  
Medical Examinations

Introduction. Despite the improvement of mining technologies and personal protective equipment for employees, working conditions in the mining industry create an increased risk of occupational diseases.The aim of the study is to compare the working conditions and features of professional pathology of miners in the production of iron, apatite and copper — nickel ore in the Kola Polar region.Materials and methods. The data of social and hygienic monitoring on the section “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population of the Murmansk region in 2007–2017 were studied.Results. It was found that in 2007–2017, there was no significant improvement in the working conditions of the studied groups of employees of mining enterprises. The structure of professional pathology of miners was still dominated by vibration disease (37.0%), radiculopathy (23.8%), mono-polyneuropathy (15.5%), sensorineural hearing loss (15.5%), and among the etiologically significant harmful industrial factors — the severity of labor (54.1%), general vibration (23.8%) and noise (13.1%). During the observation period, occupational morbidity in the mining of iron and copper-nickel ore decreased significantly, while in the mining of apatite ore it tended to increase. There is no causal relationship between changes in working conditions and the level of occupational morbidity of miners.Conclusions. It is necessary to improve the quality of hygienic and clinical research when conducting a special assessment of working conditions and periodic medical examinations to obtain an objective assessment of occupational health risks for miners in the Kola Polar region.

Sudden death from diseases of the circulatory system of employees of enterprises of the Republic of Bashkortostan

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
Lilia K. Karimova ◽  
Z. F. Gimaeva ◽  
T. N. Astrelina ◽  
N. A. Muldasheva ◽  
A. B. Bakirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Special Assessment ◽  
Medical Examinations

Introduction. Over the past decade, in Russia and abroad, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in cases of sudden death in the workplace from the disease of the circulatory system. Material and methods. During the study, there were studied the databases of the State Labor Inspectorate in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2014-2018, including accident investigation reports, information on a special assessment of working conditions, medical examinations, forensic medical examinations and other materials. Results. Diseases of the circulatory system (DSC) were the main cause of sudden death in the workplace in more than 90% of cases. The maximum number of cases of sudden due to DSC was recorded in the age group of 56-60 years. The overwhelming majority of the deceased cases were represented by working occupations - 82.8%, drivers of transport were in 13.7% of cases. The vast majority of deaths occurred in the morning (from 6 to 12) and daytime (from 12 to 18) hours. The working conditions of deceased DCS workers in most cases (59.8%) corresponded to the permissible class (class 2); under harmful conditions (subclass 3.1 - 3.3) 24.9% cases worked. Most often, some form of acute coronary heart disease (CHD) was mentioned as the immediate cause of death (64.0%). Among acute forms of coronary heart disease in medical documents in more than 50% of cases the code I 24.8 “Other forms of acute coronary heart disease” was established. “Acute myocardial infarction” was verified in 11.1% of cases and was the main cause of death in men. In the group “Cerebrovascular Diseases”, “Intracerebral hemorrhage” was most often diagnosed. Conclusion. The obtained results substantiate the need to develop measures to prevent sudden death in the workplace, aimed primarily at preventing the development, progression and early diagnosis of DSC.

scholarly journals Sudden death from diseases of the system of the blood circulation in workers of enterprises of various industries of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Lilya K. Karimova ◽  
Zulfiya F. Gimaeva ◽  
Tatyana N. Astrelina ◽  
Nadezhda A. Muldasheva ◽  
Akhat B. Bakirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Medical Examinations

Introduction. In Russia and abroad, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in cases of sudden death in the workplace from circulatory system diseases over the past decade. Materials and methods. During the study, the databases of the State Labor Inspectorate in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2014-2018 were studied, including accident investigation reports, information on a special assessment of working conditions, medical examinations, forensic medical examinations, and other materials. Results. The leading cause of sudden death in the workplace in more than 90% of cases were circulatory system diseases (CSD). The maximum number of cases of sudden death from CSD was recorded in the age group of 56-60 years. Working condit ions represented the overwhelming majority of the deceased - 82.8%. In 13.7% of cases, they were drivers of transport. The vast majority of deaths occurred in the morning (from 6 to 12) and daytime (from 12 to 18). The working conditions of workers from deceased CSD in most cases (59.8%) corresponded to the permissible class (class 2); under harmful conditions (subclass 3.1-3.3), 24.9% worked. Most often, some form of acute coronary heart disease (CHD) was mentioned as the immediate cause of death (64.0%). Among acute forms of coronary heart disease in medical documents, in more than 50% of cases, code I 24.8 “Other forms of acute coronary heart disease” was established. “Acute myocardial infarction” was verified in 11.1% of patients and was the leading cause of death in men. In the group “Cerebrovascular Diseases,” “Intracerebral hemorrhage” was most often diagnosed. Conclusion. The obtained results substantiate the need to develop measures to prevent sudden death in the workplace, aimed primarily at preventing the development, progression, and early diagnosis of diseases of the circulatory system.

scholarly journals Assessment of morbidity with temporary disability of workers in open pit mining of iron ore

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
S.V. Dedunov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Impact

Relevance. Morbidity with temporary disability is an important criterion for assessing the impact of working conditions on the workers ' health. The identification of causal relationships of diseases with working conditions of employees gives the possibility to develop preventive measures to prevent disease and improve the health of employees. Aim. To assess the level and structure of morbidity with temporary disability of workers engaged in the mining of iron ore by open way in the modern mining industry. Materials and Methods. To assess the incidence of workers were analyzed sick leave, reports on the causes of temporary disability. For processing the results of the study used mathematical-statistical methods. The Results of the Study and their Discussion. Level STP is 146,90±7.27 cases (p<0,05), 1617,07±66,61 disability days (p<0,05), the average duration of one case constituted of 11,01±0,34, 1,42 times higher than cases and 1,58 times higher for the disability days than workers in the control group Structure STP: first place is occupied by diseases of the respiratory system (58,54 %) of 69,44±1,21 cases (p<0,05), in second place are illnesses of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (13,04 %) of 15,51±0.86 cases (p<0,05), in third place injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external factors (7,92 %) of 9,42±0,13 cases (p<0,05), the fourth place is occupied by diseases of the digestive system (4,56 %) of 5,43±0,19 cases (p<0,05), the fifth place is occupied by diseases of the circulatory system (4,17 %) of 4,96±0,21 cases (p<0,05). Conclusions. The results that can be obtained of the analysis of morbidity with temporary disability of workers of these professions can be regarded as source data and open up prospects for further study of the risks of as the common professional diseases and development of complex of preventive measures aimed at reducing not only diseases with temporary disability, and a pair of professional and occupational pathology. Key Words: open pit mining of iron ore, morbidity with temporary disability.

THE CURRENT STATE OF OCCUPATIONAL TRAUMATISM IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kamenskа ◽  
O. Bokshyts
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Method ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
Labor Service

To investigate the state of industrial injuries (including fatalities) in Ukraine in general and in the agro-industrial complex for the period from 2011 to 2017, and to identify ways to increase the level of occupational safety.Investigation of the condition of occupational injuries in the conditions of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine was carried out using the probabilistic-statistical method of analysis. In the study, we used the statistical method of analysis of occupational injuries in Ukraine from 2011 till – 2017, which is based on the study of injuries according to the report of the State Labor Service of Ukraine.For the first time the analysis of occupational injuries in Ukraine from 2011 till-2017was carried out according to the report of the State Labor Service of Ukraine. The ways of raising the level of labor protection in agriculture are proposed.On the basis of analysis of the data of the State Labor Service of Ukraine for the period of 2011-2017, it has been established that the state of occupational injuries is declining, both in Ukraine as a whole and in the agro-industrial complex. Despite the fact that the level of injuries in the aforementioned years decreased, it should be noted that the industry of the agro-industrial complex in the period 2011-2014 took the third place in Ukraine by the level of injury and the second place – by the level of injuries with fatalities, and in the period 2015-2017 – third and first place respectively.In 2011, in the agro-industrial sector, 10,0% of the total number of traumatized people was injured at enterprises of Ukraine, and 17.9% of the total number of deaths were injured, in 2012, respectively, 9,9 and 18,6 in 2013 – 9,9 and 16,4, in 2014 – 10,9 and 17,3, in 2015 – 14,1 and 22,4, in 2016 – 13,1 and 20,8, and in 2017 – 12,5 and 20,5%.An analysis of the state of occupational injuries in the areas of supervision was conducted. The obtained results may be used as to prevent and eliminate potential hazards.In order to improve the work of the service on labor protection, it is continuously necessary to analyze the state of occupational injuries in the areas of supervision. This will enable you to prevent and eliminate potential hazards. Therefore, in order to create safe and harmless working conditions, it is constantly necessary to improve the legal regulation of labor protection in agriculture, to update the rules, norms, standards, instructions, regulations in accordance with the development of NTP and modern technical support of the agro-industrial complex and apply the experience of the world.To reduce occupational injuries, it is necessary to develop and implement a sectoral system of labor protection management; to increase the efficiency of labor protection work at agricultural enterprises of all types of property; to provide employees with regulatory and labor protection laws, which take into account modern labor safety requirements; to intensify control over compliance with safety standards and working conditions in the workplace, paying particular attention to the technical aspects of occupational safety.The analysis of the condition of occupational injuries in the field of supervision provides an opportunity to assess the dynamics of occupational injuries (including fatalities), to anticipate, eliminate potential hazards in production and to propose perspective ways to increase the level of labor protection in Ukraine.Keywords: occupational safety, innovations, legal regulation, the raised danger, an industrial traumatism, the dynamics of fatal injuries, agro-industrial complex, sectoral regulations on labor protection.кандидат сільськогосподарських наук,  доцент, І. Каменська;  кандидат історичних наук, доцент, О. Бокшиц, Сучасний стан виробничого травматизму в умовах агропромислового комплексу України: проблеми та перспективи/ ДВНЗ «Переяслав-Хмельницький державний педагогічний університет імені Григорія Сковороди», Україна, Переяслава-ХмельницькийУ статті здійснено аналіз виробничого травматизму в Україні за 2011-2017 рр. за даними звіту Державної служби України з питань праці. Запропоновано перспективні шляхи підвищення рівня охорони праці в сільському господарстві.На основі аналізу даних Державної служби України з питань праці за період 2011-2017 роки встановлено, що стан виробничого травматизму йде на спад, як в Україні в цілому, так і в АПК. Не зважаючи на те, що рівень травматизму у вищезгадані роки зменшувався, слід відзначити, що галузь агропромислового комплексу в період 2011-2014 роки займала третє місце в Україні за рівнем травматизму та друге місце – за рівнем травматизму зі смертельними випадками, а в період 2015-2017 рр. – третє та перше місце, відповідно.За 2011 рік у галузі агропромислового комплексу травмовано 10,0 % від загальної кількості травмованих осіб на підприємствах України, та загинуло – 17,9 % від загальної кількості смертних випадків, за 2012 рік відповідно – 9,9 та 18,6, за 2013 рік – 9,9 та 16,4, за 2014 рік – 10,9 та 17,3,  за 2015 рік – 14,1 та 22,4,  за 2016 рік – 13,1 та 20,8  й за 2017 рік – 12,5 та 20,5 %Для вдосконалення роботи служби з питань охорони праці, слід постійно проводити аналіз стану виробничого травматизму в галузях нагляду. Це дасть можливість достроково запобігти та вилучити можливі небезпеки. Отже, для створення безпечних та нешкідливих умов праці, необхідно постійно вдосконалювати правове регулювання охорони праці в сільському господарстві, оновлювати правила, норми, стандарти, інструкції, нормативно-правові акти відповідно до розвитку НТП та сучасного технічного забезпечення агропромислового комплексу та застосовувати досвід країн світу. Для зменшення виробничого травматизму необхідно розробити і впровадити галузеву систему управління охороною праці; підвищити ефективність працеохоронної роботи на сільськогосподарських підприємствах усіх видів власності; забезпечити працівників нормативно-правовими актами з охорони праці, де враховано сучасні вимоги безпеки праці; активізувати контроль за додержанням нормативів безпеки та умов праці на робочих місцях, звернувши особливу увагу на технічні аспекти охорони праці. Аналіз стану виробничого травматизму в галузях нагляду дає можливість оцінити динаміку виробничого травматизму (в тому числі смертельні випадки), завчасно передбачити, вилучити можливі небезпеки на виробництві та запропонувати  перспективні шляхи підвищення рівня охорони праці в Україні.Ключові слова: охорона праці, інновації, правове регулювання, підвищена небезпека, виробничий травматизм, динаміка смертельного травматизму, агропромисловий комплекс,  галузеві нормативні акти з охорони праці

scholarly journals Impact of external industrial sources on the regional and local air quality of Mexico Megacity

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 26579-26625
Author(s):  
V. H. Almanza ◽  
L. T. Molina ◽  
G. Li ◽  
J. Fast ◽  
G. Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The State ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Ozone Levels ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Abstract. The air quality of megacities can be influenced by external emissions sources on both global and regional scale, and at the same time their outflow emissions can exert an important impact to the surrounding environment. The present study evaluates an SO2 peak observed on 24 March 2006 at the suburban supersite T1 and ambient air quality monitoring stations located in the north region of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during MILAGRO campaign. We found that this peak could be related to an important episodic emission event from Tizayuca region, northeast of the MCMA. Back trajectories analyses suggest that the emission event started in the early morning at 04:00 LST and lasted for about 9 h. The estimated emission rate is noticeably high, about 2 kg s−1. This finding suggests the possibility of "overlooked" emission sources in this region that could influence the air quality of the MCMA. This further motivated us to study the cement plants, including those in the State of Hidalgo and in the State of Mexico, and we found that they can contribute in the NE region of the basin (about 41.7%), at the suburban supersite T1 (41.23%) and at some monitoring stations their contribution can be even higher than from the Tula Industrial Complex. The contribution of Tula Industrial Complex to regional ozone levels is estimated. The model suggests low contribution to the MCMA (1 ppb to 4 ppb) and slightly higher at the suburban T1 (6 ppb) and rural T2 (5 ppb) supersites. However, the contribution could be as high as 10 ppb in the upper northwest region of the basin and in the southwest and south-southeast regions of State of Hidalgo. In addition, a first estimate of the potential contribution from flaring activities to regional ozone levels is presented. Emission rates are estimated with a CFD combustion model. Results suggest that up to 30% of the total regional ozone from TIC could be related to flaring activities. Finally, the influence in SO2 levels from technological changes in the existing refinery is briefly discussed. These changes are due to the upcoming construction of a new refinery in Tula. The combination of emission reductions in the power plant, the refinery and in local sources in the MCMA could result in higher reductions on the average SO2 concentration. Reductions in external sources tend to affect more the northern part of the basin (−16.35% to −45.58%), whilst reductions of urban sources in the megacity tend to diminish SO2 levels substantially in the central, southwest, and southeast regions (−30.71% to −49.75%).

scholarly journals The state of the peripheral circulatory system in infectious diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210-1217
Author(s):  
F. D. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
The State ◽  
Vascular Thrombosis

The state of blood circulation and the causes of its disorder, both in chronic and, in particular, in acute infectious diseases, have always been of great interest to both clinicians and pathologists. Since the time of Laennec, who first drew attention to the weakness of the heart muscles in those who died from febrile diseases and emphasized, like Louis, weakness and fragility of the heart muscle, they began to look for the causes of these disorders in the state of the heart muscles. A significant success in the study of diseases of the heart muscle in infectious diseases was the teaching of Virchow about parenchymal inflammation, confirmed by Bttcher for typhoid and Mosler for diphtheria. While these authors spoke only about parenchymal inflammation of the heart muscle, Hayem was able to establish under the same conditions also interstitial myocarditis, and later productive endoarteritis of the coronary vessels, which, causing vascular thrombosis, could be the cause of sudden death during typhoid.

Regressive State of the System of Workplace Certification by Working Conditions in the Republic of Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
K.A. Atabaev ◽  
◽  
L.I. Petrosova ◽  
M.M. Atabaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Professional Market

The stagnation state of the market for the certification of workplaces is analyzed, the latest ideas for this certification are presented. A decrease in the quality of conducting workplace certification and imperfect implementation of the results obtained in the practical activities of the enterprises or institutions are established. Characteristic shortcomings and the ways to eliminate them were identified. The coefficients of preferential rates for employees that directly depend on the class of harm and (or) danger of the certified workplace are given. Diagrams of distribution of the participants in the market of workplace certification in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation for 2020 are shown. When analyzing them, it was found that there are not enough professional market participants in the field of occupational safety in the Republic of Uzbekistan, they are mainly concentrated in the capital region. A hypothesis was developed about the need for a qualitative improvement in the system of workplace certification, according to which it was proposed to create a special commission at the state level to monitor the implementation of prescriptions based on the results of certification. Characteristic shortcomings and omissions in the workplace certification system are considered. Measures are proposed to improve the quality of this procedure. To increase the efficiency of measures taken within the framework of occupational safety, a scheme was developed for conducting the workplace certification in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It reflects the need to conduct a preliminary survey of workers employed at the certified workplaces about their working conditions. To improve the activities in the field of workplace certification for working conditions and equipment injury risk, a mechanism for quantitative and qualitative expansion of participants in the workplace certification market in the Republic of Uzbekistan is proposed, which should facilitate the formation of a full-fledged competitive (market) environment. Increasing the number of market participants in the field of occupational safety in the Republic of Uzbekistan will allow to improve the quality of conducting workplace certification, as well as improve statistical practices and reporting on the state of working conditions in the organizations and industrial enterprises.

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