scholarly journals Research of Money Characterstics in the Condutions of Segmentation of their Digital Analogues

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Voloshin ◽  
◽  
Viktoriya Gonchar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
World Market ◽  
Service Market ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
Commodity Money ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Money

The paper presents an attempt to study new qualitative characteristics of money that they will receive in the event of legalization of options for digital currencies in the world market. The logic of the development of the modern cryptocurrency segment is such that they will potentially be able to change the world market towards a complete rejection of the cash. This, in turn, will significantly change the system of commodity-money relations in favor of holders or managers of digital currencies, which will become uncontrollable from both their passive owners and the state. It is shown that the characteristics of digital money can gradually shift towards their endless illiquidity, as well as towards the gradual elimination of the concept of equivalence in commodity exchange. In this case it is possible to change the entire ideology of business, as the basis of the modern economy. Possibility to localize the likely excess composition of digital money, a large-scale growth of the service market is considered, as an alternative to the market of material goods. Digital money itself can be a system for irreversible changes in the conditions of controllability of any trading operations. Nowadays there are certain prerequisites for this: the global expansion of the services market as an active segment of the business, as an alternative to the goods market; a cryptocurrency with starting capabilities, as a reasonable currency with unlimited inflationary opportunities; the factor of counteraction to these changes on the part of the global banking system, as indirect evidence of such prerequisites, etc. The paper presents data on the calculation of risks associated with the financial instability of some countries’ economies during the transition from system cash to digital calculations. It is shown that a systemic transition to new rules for dealing with an infinite digital money supply can lead to the elimination of the system of equivalent exchange of the "commodity-money-commodity" type, into the area of uncontrolled expansion of the services market, as a commodity segment capable of hiding digital unsecured money supply.

MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL BANKING SECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Natalia Yu. Lebedeva ◽  
◽  
Kheda M. Musayeva ◽  
Georgy O. Berkaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Widespread Dissemination

The article is devoted to the development of the global banking sector in the context of the digital transformation of the economy, the introduction of platform solutions and the creation of ecosystems that provide the client with a range of financial and non-financial products and services. The author highlights the trends and directions of development of the banking sector, among which many researchers and econo-mists note the presence of facts that are directly related to the conditions of modern social and state develop-ment. A set of trends in the development of the world banking system is proposed, which is directly related to the processes of digitalization of society and the widespread dissemination of information technologies.

FRUIT AND BERRIES WORLD PRODUCTION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1445-1464
Author(s):  
R.R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Britik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World

Horticulture is an important branch of agriculture with particular importance in some countries of the world. The production of fruits, berries and nuts is an important part of forming a high-grade food supply for the population in many countries, including the developing ones. Basing on the statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN), the authors examined the change in the production volume of these products in the world as a whole for 1961-2018, as well as for the period 1992-2018 in some countries - twenty largest producers in 2018; and a number of trends were identified. In particular, it was noted that in 2018 the global gross harvest of fruits and berries increased by 4.34 times compared to 1961, while that of nuts - by 7.04 times. A deeper analysis in the context of states, which are the main producers of fruits, berries and nuts, carried out for 1922-2018, indicates that there is a change in the positions of these countries in the corresponding world ranking. The quantitative and qualitative changes we observe inevitably have a significant impact both on the volume of the world market in terms of production, and, consequently, the supply of fruit and berry products, and on the parameters of international trade in fruits, berries and nuts. Due to the fact that the Russian Federation is not among the countries - largest producers of fruit and berry products (in 2018 it was the 31st in the global rating for fruits and berries, and the 52nd for nuts), it occupies a very significant position in the world on its imports, especially on some of them. In connection with the policy of import substitution, deployed in response to sanctions from a number of Western states, some positive changes are also observed in the Russian gardening industry. However, imports in the resources of fruits and berries still amounted to 53.6% in 2018. Naturally, many types of fruit and berry products are economically inexpedient to cultivate on an industrial scale in the natural and climatic conditions of our country, but it is necessary to carry out scientifically grounded and systematic work to increase the production of relatively traditional for Russia fruit and berry plants in the large-scale commodity sector.

Digital Money, Liquidity, and Monetary Policy (originally published in July 1997)

First Monday ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Berentsen
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
Payment Mechanisms ◽  
Retail Payments

The term digital money refers to various proposed electronic payment mechanisms designed for use by consumers to make retail payments. Digital money products have the potential to replace central bank currency, thereby affecting the money supply. This paper studies the effect of replacing central bank currency on the narrowly defined stock of money under various assumptions regarding regulatory policies and monetary operations of central banks and the reaction of the banking system.

Monoproductive Traits in Brazil’s Economic Past

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Edward J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Income ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
World Market ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Mother Country ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Commerce

During the first three hundred years of its existence, Brazil had no opportunity to develop its potential natural resources for the benefit of its inhabitants. Portugal, Brazil’s mother country, exploited the colony as a source of wealth for itself and did not administer it for the purpose of creating a sound economic structure for the good of Brazil. Its foreign commerce was a Crown monopoly until 1808. During this colonial period, easily exploited minerals and those crops which would command quick, lucrative profits on the world market, were stressed by Portuguese administrators. Thus, early in its history, the disastrous seeds of monoculture were sown in Brazil. These products were taken to Lisbon, which served as a jobbing center for the Empire, and from there they were distributed by vessel to other countries. Large-scale industry was discouraged by Portugal, and in some instances, actually forbidden. In this, Portugal was following the general colonial policy common to many European nations during that period. Characteristic of the Portuguese attitude was Queen Maria’s order in 1785 for the destruction of all industries and factories in Brazil that were not devoted to the production of sugar; a product from which Portugal at this time derived much of its national income. In return for the lucrative slave crops of sugar and cotton, the colony was forced to buy expensive finished goods from the mother country. The exchange profited Portugal greatly and strangled Brazil economically.

scholarly journals Foreign trade of oil food complex products in the conditions of integration of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Antonyuk ◽  
T. Stupnytska ◽  
P. Antonyuk ◽  
O. Volodina
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Market ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World

The article examines the current tendencies of entering the oil and fat subcomplex of Ukraine intothe world markets. It has been revealed that oil crops and their products are the main export commodity inagro-food export of the state. The large scale production of the sub-complex products, with modest domesticconsumption, is first and foremost associated with successful integration into international trade. Foreigntrade thus becomes an important factor in the development of the subcomplex. Considering the complexityand multidimensionality of the problem, the main segments of the market - oilseeds, oils and oilcake - arehighlighted in the research. On the basis of statistical data, the analysis of export volumes, dynamics, position on the world market and opportunities for their strengthening were made. It has been established thatUkraine, as a powerful producer and active participant in the world market, influences, to some extent, theexcess of world production over consumption of oil and products of their processing, which leads to a decrease in export prices and, as a consequence, to a loss of export earnings of domestic exporters. The studysubstantiates the need to improve the structure of production of oilseeds, the balance of use of soybeansand rapeseed, constant monitoring of the situation in foreign markets.

Conceptual provisions of management percentage risk in international practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Valentin Yur’evich Vakhrushev ◽  
Andrey Viktorovich Zakharov ◽  
Mikail Bekzadaevich Khudzhatov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation

In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic world banking system is being severely tested. The last time such shocks occurred during the global fi nancial crisis of 2008–2009. However, the crisis of the global banking system in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is very diff erent from the global fi nancial crisis of 2008–2009. During the previous global fi nancial crisis, central banks around the world were able to cut key rates to stimulate the aff ected economy, while the current crisis is taking place in conditions of extremely low and even negative key rates. Consequently, the central banks of the economically developed countries of the world lack one of the most eff ective tools to stimulate the economy in the face of a global crisis. Since the maximum income of commercial banks is generated by the operation of high key rates, the downward trend in recent years is a serious risk to the business of commercial banks. The article analyses the dynamics of key rates in the economically developed countries of the world in comparison with China and the Russian Federation, based on the results of this document, the main trends and patterns were identified, the most dangerous risks for commercial banks are shown. Besides the article discusses the modern conceptual provisions of interest rate risk management in commercial banks of the Russian Federation. They form the basis for the development of constructive methods for assessing commercial risk and the formation of managerial decisions that ensure its prevention or reduction of negative consequences in the event of the implementation of risk events that determine it.

The World Economy

2008 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Mortgage Defaults

A financial crisis, rooted in US mortgage defaults, has been building for several years. Its effects have seriously damaged the prospects for the global economy, and have particularly serious consequences for the English speaking world. Unsound lending permitted by poor regulation and worsened by lax bankruptcy laws has led the US, and potentially the rest of the OECD, to the brink of a large-scale recession. The scale of the potential slowdown depends upon the scale of losses to the banking system and their impacts on the ability of the banking system to lend.

scholarly journals Banking on Digital Money: Swedish Cashlessness and the Fraying Currency Tether

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Payment Mechanism ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
The Future ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
Egalitarian Ethos

As cash has suddenly gone missing from Swedish life, a growing range of citizens and institutions have sounded the alarm that cash enabled a space of egalitarian access now under threat. But because commercial bank currency is gradually displacing public central bank currency, cashlessness in Sweden is not only threatening its egalitarian ethos but also the Swedish Central Bank’s capacity to provide a guaranteed state payment mechanism. The consequences of Sweden’s battles over cash-issuance may presage the future of our global banking system in a digital age, while also illuminating what is here called currency’s “tethering mechanism.” Because bank-issued currencies represent chains of credit/debt, exchanging and storing different currencies can tether and de-tether their users to different institutions, thereby offering anthropologists the possibility of mapping the waxing and waning of various dominant social institutions.  Sammanfattning Det svenska samhället har bara på några år kommit att bli ett kontantlöst samhälle. Nu larmar institutioner och medborgare om att bristen på kontanter hotar möjligheten för invånare att delta i samhället på ett likvärdigt sätt. Det kontantlösa samhället hotar inte bara dess jämlikhetsetos utan också den svenska centralbankens förmåga att tillhandahålla en garanterad statlig betalningsmekanism då affärsbanksvaluta gradvis förskjuter den offentliga centralbanksvalutan. Det svenska banksystemet fungerar därför som ett bra exempel utifrån vilket vi kan förutse konsekvenserna av ett kontantlöst globalt banksystem, samtidigt som det också kan belysa det som här kallas valutans “tethering mechanism”. Utbyte och lagerhållning av olika valutor kopplar eller skiljer användare till eller från olika institutioner, eftersom bankemitterade valutor representerar kedjor av kredit/skuld. Det ger antropologer möjlighet att studera och kartlägga dominerande sociala institutioners uppgång och fall.

Technologies and machines for the production of potatoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
И.Н. Гаспарян ◽  
А.Г. Левшин ◽  
И.Г. Голубев ◽  
С.В. Щиголев ◽  
Ш.В. Гаспарян
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time

В статье проанализирован мировой рынок с.-х. техники, ее особенности совершенствования за счет усложнения конструкций и активного внедрения технологий точного земледелия. Рассмотрены вопросы изменения российского парка сельхозмашин, который продолжительное время идет на спад по всем основным видам техники. Число тракторов в российском парке сократилось на 18,4%, комбайнов на 16,2%, в том числе картофелеуборочных машин. Сокращение имеющейся в отечественном парке сельхозтехники закономерно снижает обеспеченность сельхозмашинами в пересчете на 1000 га пахотной площади. Более детально рассмотрены применяемые механизированные технологии возделывания картофеля в РФ и необходимая для этого специальная техника, так как при выборе технологии необходимо учитывать всю систему машин от посадки до уборки. Дана характеристика основных распространенных в России механизированных технологий возделывания картофеля: традиционной, голландской, грядово-ленточной, гриммовской, гребневой. Представлена информация по технологическим процессам посадки и уборки, на которые приходится значительная часть эксплуатационных и трудовых затрат. Для реализации этих технологических процессов требуется использовать специальную технику, которая сильно разнится по производительности и особенностям применения в различных климатических условиях и объемах производства. В качестве примера использования комплекса такой техники охарактеризована система производства в крупнотоварном хозяйстве, ЗАО «Озеры» (Московская область). Потребность в технике для картофелеводства остается высокой и необходимо развивать отечественное машиностроение с учетом мировых достижений в этой области. The article analyzes the world market of agricultural machinery, its features of improvement due to the complication of designs and the active introduction of precision farming technologies. The issues of changing the Russian fleet of agricultural machinery are considered, which has been declining for a long time in all major types of equipment. The number of tractors in the Russian fleet decreased by 18.4%, combines by 16.2%, including potato harvesters. The reduction of agricultural machinery available in the domestic fleet naturally reduces the availability of agricultural machinery in terms of 1000 ha of arable land. The mechanized technologies of potato cultivation in the Russian Federation and the special equipment required for this are considered in more detail, since when choosing a technology, it is necessary to take into account the entire system of machines from planting to harvesting. The characteristics of the main mechanized technologies of potato cultivation common in Russia is given: traditional, Dutch, ridge-ribbon, Grimme, comb technologies. Information is provided on the technological processes of planting and harvesting, which account for a significant part of the operating and labor costs. To implement these technological processes, it is required to use special equipment, which varies greatly in performance and application characteristics in various climatic conditions and production volumes. As an example of the use of a complex of such equipment, the production system in a large-scale farm, CJSC Ozery (Moscow region), is described. The need for equipment for potato growing remains high and it is necessary to develop domestic mechanical engineering, taking into account the world achievements in this area.

Capital market development and bank efficiency: a cross-country analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Ngo ◽  
Tu Le
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Banking Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Banking Systems ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
The World ◽  
The Capital Market

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the causal relationship between banking efficiency and capital market development in 86 countries between 2006 and 2011. Design/methodology/approach The authors follow the two-stage framework: data envelopment analysis (DEA) with the use of financial ratios is used to arrive at efficiency scores of the banks in the first stage. Thereafter, those efficiency scores will be linked with the development level of the capital markets of the corresponding country in the second stage using the generalised method of moments in a simultaneous equations model. Findings The authors found that banking systems around the world were still inefficient, suggesting that it would take time for the global banking system to recover after the global financial crisis 2007/2008. More importantly, the findings demonstrated that the larger the capital market is, the less efficient its banking system would be. In contrast, banking efficiency can positively influence the development of the capital market. Research limitations/implications The data are unbalanced and limited to 86 countries; the study did not analyse the productivity change over time of those banking systems; and it would be useful to test the first-stage DEA with different sets of variables as well as different assumptions. Practical implications The paper suggests that for any economy around the world, an improvement in banking performance and efficiency rather than capital market development should be a priority, alongside with monitoring inflation. Originality/value The paper provides an unbiased analysis of the causal relationship between the banking sector and the capital market.

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