scholarly journals Justification of politics during the Soviet Stalinist era in Kazakhstan from a historical point of view

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
E. Haytoğlu ◽  
◽  
A. Zh. Arkhymatayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Situation Analysis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Industrialization Policy

The main aspects in historical development of the Republic of Kazakhstan were Stalin’s s policy in the 20 – 30s of the twentieth century which was famous as “the Great Repression”. The article was written on the basis of different researches and the historical record. It provides information on eliminating the traditional structure in Kazakhstan by the Soviet government in Stalin’s time, measures to weaken the social and economic forms of the traditional agriculture of the Kazakh people, the country’s industrialization policy, mass collectivization and creation of collective and State farms, the policy on confiscation of the wealthy peasants’ property and challenges related to the population decline. To establish the socialist structure based on the ideology of economy, the political structure and the culture in the Soviet time was carried out with unprecedented extent in the mentality of Kazakh society and consequences of ambiguity which have not occurred in the past .It is significant to realize general trends in the social transformations of the Eurasian multicultural space, the modernization and the culture in order to study this unique experience. The current situation analysis of the scientific knowledge requires understanding Kazakh history from a conceptual viewpoint and clarifying a number of events of selected period. Kazakhstan passed the difficult path in restructuring of a new policy, the economy and the social culture as part of the Soviet Union.

scholarly journals The Foreign Press about the Change of Attitude of Soviet Power to Orthodoxy in 1943 (According to TASS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-171
Author(s):  
Drobotushenko Evgeny V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
South America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Press

The article analyzes a selection of materials of the foreign press, made by the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) in 1943 on the reaction to the change in the attitude of the Soviet government to the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). It is presented in one of the files of the state archive of the Russian Federation (SARF). In the collection mentioned, there are notes and articles of various editions of the countries of Europe, and also the States of North and South America, Africa, Australia. The claimed problems have not been seriously analyzed from the scientific point of view so far. The author notes that the negative and positive assessments of the transformation of the religious policy of the USSR were clearly divided into the two camps: the countries that supported the USSR in 1943 and the countries that had opposite views. The rhetoric of the press in the United States, Canada and England differed significantly from that one in Europe as a whole, and even more in Nazi Germany, Italy and Romania. The press of countries that were far away from the events, for example, the States of South America or Australia, reflected a neutral attitude to what was happening. Against this background, all actions of the Soviet authorities were assessed as superficial, temporary, and “fake”. According to the critics, they were forced. In reality, there was no question of freedom of religion in the USSR. In turn, the press of the allied countries relatively highly appreciated the changes in the policy of the Soviet state. It is obvious that the problems stated in the title of the article require further serious scientific analysis, which implies a large volume of work with foreign media of the time under consideration and with archival sources. Keywords: religion, Orthodoxy, freedom of religion, Patriarch, Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church, mass media

scholarly journals EMPIRE-BUILDING AND FRONTIER OF SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET TIMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Paul R. Josephson ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Far East ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Labor Camp ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Soviet Russia

The paper deals with the strategies of colonization and assimilation of frontier in Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia in relation to, Siberia and the Far East. These frontier spaces were disturbing the Soviet leadership for they were both vulnerable for an external invasion and unsupportive of the new socialist order. Thus, countryside of Soviet Russia was also seen as frontier of its own kind. The conquest of frontier and its integration into the socialist, industrial economy was implemented by Stalinist leadership through the violent collectivization, which was accompanied by colonization in the periphery strengthened by the flow of exiles and labor camp prisoners from the collectivized western areas. From the point of view of Soviet leaders, the frontier territories were both resource pantry and “empty spaces” to settle. To stimulate colonization Soviet government was establishing the “corridors of modernization”, a network of infrastructure, connecting the newly constructed “company towns”, the outposts of frontier conquest. Such politics was simultaneously integrating indigenous peoples of frontier into the socialist economy and destroying their way of life. In spite of efforts of Soviet rulers from Stalin to Brezhnev, the assimilation of frontier did not succeed. However, in the 21st century Russian leadership continues to treat Arctic, Siberia and the Far East along the Soviet lines, as frontier spaces of economic and symbolic conquest and military-political contestation. Unlike the Soviet era, though, nowadays the concept of frontier had found its way into Russian historical and political thought.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE PREJUDICE IN FOREIGN CRIMINAL LEGISLATION: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-637
Author(s):  
E.V. Antonov ◽  
V.I. Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Further Development

The article investigates criminal law with administrative prejudice, as well as the history of the emergence and development of norms with administrative prejudice in the modern criminal legislation of Russia and foreign countries on various grounds. The problems of the application of norms with administrative prejudice in practice are considered. The criminal legislation of the states of the former Soviet Union, in particular the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan, is analyzed from the point of view of further development of the criminal legislation of these countries towards improving the institution of administrative prejudice and increasing the number of norms with administrative prejudice. It is noted that some post-Soviet states (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) in their criminal legislation abandoned the institution of administrative prejudice and tried to replace the norms with administrative prejudice with others. Attention is drawn to the problems with the registration of administrative offenses and the application of data on registered administrative offenses for the correct application of the rules with administrative prejudice in practice by the law enforcement bodies of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals SOVIET RESETTLEMENT’S PROGRAM FOR THE UKRAINIAN PEASANCE IN 1921–1925

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Olesia Rozovyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Far East ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The article, based on little-known sources, deals with the process of forming the policy of the Soviet government to solve such a problem as agrarian overpopulation of the USSR. The article presents data on overpopulation in some districts of the Ukrainian SSR, such as Kyiv, Chernihiv and Volyn districts, where such a phenomenon as scarcity of land and low-yielding soils was presented. An Emergency Resettlement Commission was established within the People’s Commissariat of Land Affairs by the decision of the Council of People’ Commissars (CPC). This Commission solved all issues related to the resettlement of peasants within the republic and abroad. Similar commissions were also formed in all provincial and county centers of the Ukrainian SSR. These commissions began active work on the registration of landless peasants and the search for vacant lands, primarily in the republic for their resettlement, beginning in the spring of 1921. Commissions were also carried out with the All-Russian (later All-Union) Resettlement Commission on the provision of land in uninhabited areas of the RSFSR, such as the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, Kazakhstan, the Far East, Kuban, Stavropol, North Caucasus to the settlers from Ukraine. In February 1923, the CPC of the Ukrainian SSR took measures to ensure the planned resettlement of the rural population of the republic in Ukraine and abroad. In the autumn of 1923, the VIII All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets approved the main directions of resettlement policy in the republic. It was reduced to the following measures: first – the resettlement of Ukrainians in the free lands of the Ukrainian SSR; second – resettlement, first of all, of the poor population, which included assistance in farming; third – the resettlement of part of the population from rural areas to cities; fourth – the resettlement of small peasant families in the All-Union Colonization Fund in the Urals, Siberia, Kazakhstan, the Far East. In April 1924, CPC of the Soviet Union, supporting the resettlement movement, adopted a resolution “On the benefits of migrants”. It determined the level of material assistance to the families who settled in new lands. Thus, during 1921–1925, the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee and the CPC of the Ukrainian SSR developed a program of resettlement of the Ukrainian population within its ethnic lands and the Union Colonization Fund. This was the first five-year cycle of resettlement policy of the government of the USSR, and in 1926 a new resettlement program was approved, designed first for seven and then for ten years.

scholarly journals The Foreign-Policy Aspect of Mei Lanfang’s Soviet Tour in 1935

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Janne Risum
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chinese Theatre ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
War Memories ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Theatre ◽  
Formed Part

The Soviet tour in 1935 of the eminent Chinese male interpreter of female roles, Mei Lanfang, attracted justified international attention as a pioneering instance of cultural and aesthetic exchange. This is not least due to the fact that it was the first time a traditional Chinese theatre troupe made a guest appearance in Europe and that so many prominent Russian and other European theatre innovators consequently eagerly followed the event and reacted to the traditional Chinese stage conventions according to their very different aesthetic points of view. Complementing my published research over the years into the details of this major intercultural stage event, in this article I reverse my perspective and almost exclusively focus on its foreign-policy context. I demonstrate that from the more pragmatic point of view of international politics at the time, another aspect of Mei’s tour was much more important: It was an act of cultural diplomacy which helped break a deadlock in foreign relations between the Soviet Union and the Republic of China, and in so doing helped facilitate their formation of a defensive military alliance in response to the rapidly increasing Japanese aggression against them both. War memories, as well as memory wars, formed part of this foreign policy staging of Mei Lanfang’s Soviet guest appearance and its subsequent documentation.

scholarly journals A Context-Grounded Approach to Religious Freedom: The Case of Orthodoxy in the Moldovan Republic

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide N. Carnevale
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

This paper explores the relationship between human rights and social analysis within the main historical and theoretical perspectives adopted by social sciences. In particular, religious freedom will be analysed as one of the central issues in the recent engagement of the social sciences with human rights. After examining current narratives and mainstream approaches of the social sciences towards the right to religious freedom, this article will then underline the importance of a social epistemology which goes beyond a normative and legal perspective, bridging the gap between the framework of human rights and the social roles of religion in context. Within this framework, religious freedom represents a social construct, whose perception, definition and implementation dynamically evolves according to its influence, at different levels, in the lived dimension of social relations. The second part of the article proposes a context-grounded analysis of religious freedom in the Republic of Moldova. This case study is characterised by the impressive growth of Orthodoxy after the demise of the Soviet Union and by a complex and contradictory political approach towards religious freedom, both as a legal standard and as a concept. Emerging through the analysis of local political narratives and some preliminary ethnographical observations, the social importance of religion will be investigated both as a governmental instrument and as an embodied means of dealing with widespread socio-economic insecurity, creating tensions between religious rootedness and religious freedom. The local debate on religious freedom will then be related to the influence of geopolitical borders, the topic of traditional identity and the religious form of adaptation to the ineffectiveness of the new secular local policies, with orthodox institutions and parishes having new socio-political roles at both a global and local scale.

Poradnictwo prawne i obywatelskie w kontekście świadomości prawnej i potrzeby edukacji prawnej Polaków. Wybrane problemy

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 40-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Sylwia Bartnik ◽  
Katarzyna Julia Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes the issue from the point of view of law, sociology and based on the experience of both authors.It not only raises issues related to legal awareness, legal education and legal advisory, but also presents a broader context of issues that are the context of the social functioning of the law in the Republic of Poland and the relationship to law or law reforms.

Eternal Dawn

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Gingeras
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

In the first years after its founding, the Republic of Turkey was widely praised as a model state governed by an enlightened elite. In contrast to the Soviet Union or Nazi Germany, Turkey was viewed as politically moderate, stable, and friendly to the West. It instead appeared to be a state that had radically transformed itself into a strong, united, and progressive nation unburdened by its past. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was held to be the chief architect and engineer of this feat and was placed by many among the greatest reforming statesmen in world history. These perceptions of Atatürk and his revolutionary rule have endured to this day. As a study grounded in untapped archival and scholarly sources, Eternal Dawn presents a definitive look inside the development and evolution of Atatürk’s Turkey. Ryan Gingeras presents Turkey’s early years as the culmination of a variety of social and political forces dating back to the late Ottoman Empire. Eternal Dawn presses beyond the reigning mythology that still envelops this period and challenges many of the standing assumptions about the limits, successes, and consequences of the reforms of Mustafa Kemal. Through a detailed survey of the social and political conditions that defined life in Turkey’s diverse provinces, Ryan Gingeras lays bare many of the harsh realities and bitter legacies of the republic’s founding. Atatürk’s revolution destroyed as much as it built and established precedents that strengthened and undermined the country’s long-term stability.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT FUNDAMENTALS OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF AZERBAIJAN: OVERALL HISTORICAL-STRATEGIC APPROACH

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 127-147
Author(s):  
Emin Alirzayev
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Further Development

Based on the historical development of the social protection system of Azerbaijan, the article approaches and evaluates the basis of its formation from a strategic point of view. Important directions and results of reforms related to the achievement of the current level of development of the social protection system in Azerbaijan are given. By the approach to enumerate and emphasize the main occasions in regard to social protection in the republic, the author identifies the main directions of the social protection system in Azerbaijan, including the development of the insurance and pension system (including pensions and benefits) and indicates the strategigal key points to be considered for reforms for further development of the pension system in Azerbaijan as a key link in the social protection and security system

scholarly journals The Demographic Aspect of the Regions Economic Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vikhoreva ◽  
Nina Yаkovleva
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Regional Product

The demographic crisis in recent decades is one of the most acute problems in Russia and it poses a significant threat to the economic security of Siberian regions. Here the natural population decline is combined with intensive migration outflows. The decrease in the working-age population directly affects the economic indicators of the regions. The analysis of modern methods for assessing the economic security of regions showed insufficient attention on the part of researchers to demographic indicators. The article examines the economic security of the Irkutsk region from the point of view of assessing the social component, or rather the demographic indicators, it also identifies the main trends and current reasons for the decline in population. The authors pay special attention to the study of the nature, causes and consequences of migration. The correlation interdependence of the gross regional product and the demographic indicators is calculated. A forecast of the state of economic security of the Irkutsk region based on the indicated demographic trends is made.

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