scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Saffron and Methylprednisolone on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Bahtouee ◽  
◽  
Hossein Fatemikia ◽  
Ali Movahed ◽  
Abdolhamid Esmaili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Methylprednisolone Treatment ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Saffron Extract ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Preventive Effects

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of saffron and methylprednisolone on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Methods: This study was conducted in Bushehr, southern Iran in 2017.The animals were divided into four groups of five rats each. Three groups were injected with a single intratracheal dose of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). The fourth group was administered with normal saline at the same volume (200 µl). Saffron extract dissolved in water was given to one group (100 mg /body weight) orally while intraperitoneal injection of methylprednisolone (2.5 mg/kg) injected to another one for 16 days. The rats were sacrificed 28 days following surgery and their right and left lungs were removed and washed for measuring lung indices, myeloperoxidase activities and finally histopathological examination. Results: Injection of bleomycin caused decrement of body weight aggravated by intraperitoneal methylprednisolone treatment. Lung indices were increased in the bleomycin-treated group compared with the control, while methylprednisolone, unlike saffron, had no preventive effects on it. Both saffron and methylprednisolone treatment prevented the increase in lung myeloperoxidase as a destructive enzyme. In addition, excessive collagen deposition and thickening of alveolar septa were significantly prevented with saffron treatment as compared to methylprednisolone injection following hematoxylin and eosin staining. Conclusion: Saffron with established antioxidant properties could prevent some detrimental effects in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis even more than methylprednisolone injection known as a standard therapy in this murine model. More investigations must be carried out to examine the beneficial or harmful effects of this remedy.

scholarly journals Effect of Flax Seed Oil on Acute Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatic Injury and Determination of Hepatic Apoptosis in Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gorkem Ekebas ◽  
Ayhan Atasever ◽  
Duygu Yaman Gram
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose

Aims: The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of flaxseed oil (FSO) on liver lesions induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats by measurement of caspase 3, 8 and 9 activities in cellular apoptosis, ALT activities, triglyceride, total protein, total cholesterol and liver MDA levels. Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, between June 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: In this study 32 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of 8 animals in each. The first group was identified as the control and received an intraperitoneal 0.9% NaCl and the second group was given per os at dose of 4 ml/kg FSO for 4 weeks. The third group received an intraperitoneal dose of 1.0 ml/kg CCl4 twice in the first week. The fourth group received an intraperitoneal dose of 1.0 ml/kg CCl4 twice in the first week and simultaneously 4 ml/kg FSO by gavage for 4 weeks. Results: Histopathological examination of CCl4 group showed intense macro and micro vesicular steatosis in hepatocytes, necrosis, lymphocytes rich mononuclear cell infiltration in portal area and parenchyma. The flaxseed oil application did not ameliorate the histological changes induced by CCl4, however reduced the activity of caspase 3, 8 and 9 by a limited number. CCl4 administration produced significantly elevated levels of serum ALT activity, total cholesterol, triglyceride and liver MDA levels, and these increases were not normalized with FSO treatment. In addition, decreased serum total protein levels in CCl4 treated group were ameliorated by FSO application. Conclusion: The results indicate that the antioxidant properties of FSO do not have an ameliorative effect in either the histopathological lesions or biochemical parameters against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In addition, it was concluded that duration‐dependent further research results are needed to determine the effects of flaxseed oil in high doses that can give the best results without side effects.

scholarly journals Histomorphological effect of celecoxib on cellular diameter of proximal convoluted tubules of kidney with protective effect of lycopene in albino rats; an experimental study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1748-1754
Author(s):  
Sadia Sundus ◽  
Maria Mohiuddin ◽  
Sarwath Fatimee ◽  
Ashoke Kumar ◽  
Shah Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Objectives: To observe the cellular diameter of proximal convoluted tubules of kidney of albino rats on celecoxib induced kidney with protection by lycopene. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: BMSI (Anatomy Department), JPMC, Karachi. Period: 4th May 2015 to 3rd June 2015. Materials and Methods: Ninety to one twenty days old, forty healthy adult, male Albino rats of 200-220gm were taken for the study. The rats were divided into 4 groups, Group A was control group, Group B  receive Celecoxib  50 mg/kg body weight orally,  Group C receive Celecoxib 50 mg/kg body weight orally along with lycopene50 mg/kg body weight orally and Group D receive lycopene 50 mg/kg body weight orally for 30 days. At the end of study rats were sacrificed and renal tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: Markedly increased cellular diameter of proximal convoluted tubules was observed in rats taking celecoxib. Slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed altered and degenerative changes in the renal parenchyma of cortex and medulla. Ballooning of cells, hemorrhage and moderate edema was seen in celecoxib group. Renal interstitium showed infiltration of mononuclear cells, congested and dilated blood vessels. However, renal architecture was improved and reversed in celecoxib along with lycopene receiving group. Conclusion: This study concludes that lycopene decreased the cellular diameter of proximal convoluted tubules in celecoxib treated group.

scholarly journals Preliminary toxicology profile of Dennettia tripetala (Pepper Fruit) methanolic leaves extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Chukwufumnanya Mordi ◽  
Patrick Chukwuyenum Ichipi-Ifukor ◽  
Godfery Rume Kweki ◽  
Rita Ngozi Ichipi-Ifukor ◽  
John Chukwuma Oyem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Dennettia Tripetala ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Abstract Background Dennentia tripetalla (Pepper Fruit) belongs to the Annonaceae family and is abundant in Nigeria. Its fruit in folklore medicine is used for treatment of varying ailments. While ample research evidence exists on the plants fruit and seed, no current study exists on the toxicological profile of the plant leaves. Methods qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals and In vitro antioxidant assays were carried out using standard methods. The acute toxicity study indicates that the LD50 was higher than 2000 mg/Kg body weight. Sub-chronic toxicity studies was carried out using five groups of rats. Group 1 served as control, 2–5 received 100 mg/Kg, 200 mg/Kg, 500 mg/Kg and 1000 mg/Kg body weight orally for 28 days. Results Post-administration biochemical analysis indicates there was increased weight in rats administered 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg while it reduced in the 500 mg/kg group. Significant elevations of liver function markers were reported for 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively. Serum and hepatic protein profiles remained unaltered. Renal function analysis revealed elevated serum urea and creatinine for 200 and 500 mg/kg groups, elevated serum Na+ and Ca+ and reduced serum Cl− for the 500 mg/Kg group. Elevated Kidney K+ and Ca+ levels, reduced Cl− were significantly observed in 500 mg/Kg group. Significant rise in hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation was observed in 200 and 500 mg/Kg groups. There were observed disarmament of the antioxidant defense systems occasioned by rise and drop in tissue (hepatic, renal, testes, heart) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (Cat), Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the test groups relative to control. Histopathological examination indicated architectural aberrations at 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Conclusions It concluded that the plant had significant phytochemical and antioxidant properties of medical interest and possessed toxic properties in rats when administered at a dose above 200 mg/Kg over a prolonged period of time.

Protective effect of Oroxylum indicum on acetaminophen induced liver injury in rat

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuj Kr. Bharali ◽  
Hage Konya ◽  
Luk Bahadur Chetry
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Oroxylum Indicum ◽  
Liver Tissues

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common antipyretic drug and leads to liver failure at over dose. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of Aqueous Methanolic Bark Extract of Oroxylum indicum (L.)Vent. (AMBEOI) has been evaluated in rat model. Rats were treated with 1000 mgkg?1 body weight of APAP alone or with AMBEOI (10, 50 and 100 mgkg?1). Serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver tissues were estimated 24 hrs after APAP and AMBEOI treatment. AMBEOI administration effectively reduced serum level of ALT and AST released from liver cells when compared to APAP treated group. AMBEOI also inhibited production of LPO in the liver tissues of APAP treated rats. Histopathological examination of liver samples revealed reduced necrotic areas in AMBEOI treated APAP group compared to APAP alone treated group. Together, this study confirmed the hepatoprotective activities of AMBEOI in APAP induced liver damage in rat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i2.17511 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2014, 3(2): 223-227

Abstract P638: Muscadine Grape Seed Extract Improves Glucose Handling in Female but not Male Hypertensive (mRen2)27 Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A’ja V Duncan ◽  
Ellen N Tommasi ◽  
Patricia E Gallagher ◽  
E. A Tallant ◽  
Mark C Chappell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Muscadine Grape

Muscadine grapes ( Vitis rotundifolia ) are enriched in polyphenols and other flavan-3-ols that may potentially convey cardiovascular benefit through the antioxidant properties of these compounds. In the current study, we established the effects of a muscadine grape extract (MGE, Piedmont Research and Development Corp.) on blood pressure and metabolic function in 20 week-old female and male hemizygous (mRen2)27 transgenic rats, an Ang II-AT 1 R-dependent model of hypertension. Littermates were treated with MGE (0.2 mg/mL) in the drinking water for 6 weeks (n = 7; male and n=5; female); controls were given water only (n = 7; male and n = 6; female). Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) assessed glucose metabolism and serum levels of glucose and insulin were also determined. There were no significant differences between the control and MGE-treated groups for either sex in systolic blood pressure (males: 168 ± 5 vs. 179 ± 4 mmHg; females: 183 ± 5 vs. 162 ± 11 mmHg) or body weight (males: 513 ± 12 vs. 508 ± 22 g; females: 297 ± 4 vs. 294 ± 89 g). The glucose response (area under the curve - AUC) in the female MGE-treated group was markedly lower compared to the untreated controls; however, MGE elicited no effect on the glucose AUC in males (see figure). Although MGE did not influence serum insulin AUC in males or females, the MGE-treated females exhibited a trend for a lower glucose-insulin index. We conclude that MGE intake improves glucose utilization in adult female hypertensive rats independent of changes in blood pressure or body weight. The mechanism(s) underlying the differential response to MGE between the female and male (mRen2)27 transgenic remain to be established

scholarly journals Preventive Effects ofSalacia reticulataon Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in TSOD Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Akase ◽  
Tsutomu Shimada ◽  
Yukiko Harasawa ◽  
Tomohide Akase ◽  
Yukinobu Ikeya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Early Diabetes ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Preventive Effects

The extracts ofSalacia reticulata(Salaciaextract), a plant that has been used for the treatment of early diabetes, rheumatism and gonorrhea in Ayurveda, have been shown to have an anti-obesity effect and suppress hyperglycemia. In this study, the effects ofSalaciaextract on various symptoms of metabolic disorder were investigated and compared using these TSOD mice and non-obese TSNO mice. Body weight, food intake, plasma biochemistry, visceral and subcutaneous fat (X-ray and CT), glucose tolerance, blood pressure and pain tolerance were measured, and histopathological examination of the liver was carried out. A significant dose-dependent decline in the gain in body weight, accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat and an improvement of abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertension and peripheral neuropathy were noticed in TSOD mice. In addition, hepatocellular swelling, fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration and single-cell necrosis were observed on histopathological examination of the liver in TSOD mice.Salaciaextract markedly improved these symptoms upon treatment. Based on the above results, it is concluded thatSalaciaextract has remarkable potential to prevent obesity and associated metabolic disorders including the development of metabolic syndrome.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

The effect of dexamethasone on mucosal immunity of uterine tissue during pregnancy in rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration

Disturbances in early pregnancy immunity affect embryo development, endometrial receptivity, placental development, fetal growth and lead to subfertility, dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for treatment of various complications. Immune cells and cytokines were examined during the early pregnancy in twenty-four female rats and six male rats for mating. Rats were grouped into two group control and dexamethasone treated by a dose of 50µgm/kgm body weight daily starting from one week before mating and persisted for one week after pregnancy. Blood samples were collected from each rat at 5hrs and at 1,3,7 day of pregnancy. Extracted RNA was subjected to real time PCR to determine mRNA levels for immune related genes interleukin1a(IL1A) and interleukin 10(IL10). Histopathological examination was done to uterus in order to detect leukocyte infiltration in uterine tissue. Results showed that significant increase in white blood cell count mainly eosinophil at 5hrs and lymphocyte at three and seven day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. Moreover, TNF, C-reactive protein and progesterone were increased mainly at seven day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. Similarly, interleukin 1alpha and interleukin 10 significantly increased at 5hrs and one day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. In contrast, serum levels of total antioxidant capacity and estrogen were decreased significantly at 5hrs and seven day in dexamethasone treated group. Histopathological examination of uterus revealed leukocytic infiltration especially neutrophil and few eosinophils at five hours and one day of gestation then eosinophil become absent at 3day and seven day of dexamethasone group. Epithelial height and uterine gland diameter significantly increased at 5hrs, three day and seven days of gestation of dexamethasone treated group. The present investigation demonstrated that using of dexamethasone by dose of 50µgm/kgm during early pregnancy had a conflicting impact on some immune cytokines and parameters and may reflect a harmful response of immune system toward early period of pregnancy

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Michael Westhoff ◽  
Patric Litterst ◽  
Ralf Ewert
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Peak Vo2

Background: Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a distinct entity among fibrosing lung diseases with a high risk for lung cancer and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Notably, concomitant PH was identified as a negative prognostic indicator that could help with early diagnosis to provide important information regarding prognosis. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine whether cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can be helpful in differentiating patients having CPFE with and without PH. Methods: Patients diagnosed with CPFE in 2 German cities (Hemer and Greifswald) over a period of 10 years were included herein. CPET parameters, such as peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), functional dead space ventilation (VDf/VT), alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (AaDO2), arterial-end-tidal CO2 difference [P(a-ET)CO2] at peak exercise, and the minute ventilation-carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2 slope), were compared between patients with and without PH. Results: A total of 41 patients with CPET (22 with PH, 19 without PH) were analyzed. Right heart catheterization was performed in 15 of 41 patients without clinically relevant complications. Significant differences in peak VO2 (861 ± 190 vs. 1,397 ± 439 mL), VO2/kg body weight/min (10.8 ± 2.6 vs. 17.4 ± 5.2 mL), peak AaDO2 (72.3 ± 7.3 vs. 46.3 ± 14.2 mm Hg), VE/VCO2 slope (70.1 ± 31.5 vs. 39.6 ± 9.6), and peak P(a-ET)tCO2 (13.9 ± 3.5 vs. 8.1 ± 3.6 mm Hg) were observed between patients with and without PH (p < 0.001). Patients with PH had significantly higher VDf/VT at rest, VT1, and at peak exercise (65.6 ± 16.8% vs. 47.2 ± 11.6%; p < 0.001) than those without PH. A cutoff value of 44 for VE/VCO2 slope had a sensitivity and specificity of 94.7 and 72.7%, while a cutoff value of 11 mm Hg for P(a-ET)CO2 in combination with peak AaDO2 >60 mm Hg had a specificity and sensitivity of 95.5 and 84.2%, respectively. Combining peak AaDO2 >60 mm Hg with peak VO2/body weight/min <16.5 mL/kg/min provided a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 95.5%, respectively. Conclusion: This study provided initial data on CPET among patients having CPFE with and without PH. CPET can help noninvasively detect PH and identify patients at risk. AaDO2 at peak exercise, VE/VCO2 slope, peak P(a-ET)CO2, and peak VO2 were parameters that had high sensitivity and, when combined, high specificity.

scholarly journals In vivo evaluation of a recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase formulated in a hydrogel using a murine model infected with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate, CCASUP2

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masarra M. Sakr ◽  
Walid F. Elkhatib ◽  
Khaled M. Aboshanab ◽  
Eman M. Mantawy ◽  
Mahmoud A. Yassien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Systemic Spread

AbstractFailure in the treatment of P. aeruginosa, due to its broad spectrum of resistance, has been associated with increased patient mortality. One alternative approach for infection control is quorum quenching which was found to decrease virulence of such pathogen. In this study, the efficiency of a recombinant Ahl-1 lactonase formulated as a hydrogel was investigated to control the infection of multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa infected burn using a murine model. The recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase (Ahl-1) was formulated as a hydrogel. To test its ability to control the infection of MDR P. aeruginosa, a thermal injury model was used. Survival rate, and systemic spread of the infection were evaluated. Histopathological examination of the animal dorsal skin was also done for monitoring the healing and cellular changes at the site of infection. Survival rate in the treated group was 100% relative to 40% in the control group. A decrease of up to 3 logs of bacterial count in the blood samples of the treated animals relative to the control group and a decrease of up to 4 logs and 2.3 logs of bacteria in lung and liver samples, respectively were observed. Histopathological examination revealed more enhanced healing process in the treated group. Accordingly, by promoting healing of infected MDR P. aeruginosa burn and by reducing systemic spread of the infection as well as decreasing mortality rate, Ahl-1 hydrogel application is a promising strategy that can be used to combat and control P. aeruginosa burn infections.

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