Endogenous Household Classification: Russian Regions

Intergroup Dynamics ◽

Great Flexibility ◽

Lognormal Distributions ◽

Mixture Density ◽

Distribution Parameters ◽

Federal Districts ◽

The Difference ◽

The Individual ◽

Distribution Of Income

In order to study the structure of society, sociologists usually distinguish several homogeneous social groups, or classes. The most common division consists of three groups: upper, middle and lower classes. Such a partition is traditionally based on a subjective (exogenous) criteria adopted by a particular researcher. In this paper, the distribution of households in Russian federal districts is modeled as a mixture of three lognormal distributions. The mixing proportions (probabilities) of the mixture components and the corresponding distribution parameters are modeled as functions of the individual characteristics of households. The result is an endogenous decomposition of household sample into three clusters (lower, middle, upper). This classification allows analyzing the difference between regions and the patterns of intergroup dynamics in the period 2014—2018. The approach used in this work has demonstrated great flexibility in analyzing the distribution of income, the dynamics of this distribution over time, as well as a migration between relatively homogeneous clusters. The use of mixture density function with endogenously determined probabilities allows for precise detection of the effects of the income heterogeneity determinants within each cluster.

Известия Байкальского государственного университета ◽

The «Model» Budget: the Features of Its Formation and Implementation

10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(2).314-323 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 314-323

Author(s):

Sergei Leonov

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Federal Budget ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Budget Policy ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Difference ◽

The Individual ◽

Far Eastern ◽

Cost Factors

The paper analyzes the features of the formation of «model» budgets, assesses the consequences of the transition to the distribution of subsidies to the subjects of the Russian Federation from the federal budget on the basis of the calculation of the «model» budget and developed proposals for adequate consideration of the identified problems in the inter-budget policy of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the transition to the «model» budget in the Russian Federation is envisaged through the mechanism of redistribution of the total amount of subsidies to equalize the budget provision with simultaneous refinement of the method of increasing the allocated subsidies to the least affluent regions. The discrepancy between the current budget expenditures and the estimated need for budget allocations was revealed, which can lead to the emergence of unsecured budget expenditures for planned activities in a number of Northern and Far Eastern regions. The necessity for maximum orientation to the individual characteristics of the subjects of the Federation in the calculation of «model» budgets is shown, which is expressed in taking into account the rising cost factors associated with the uneven distribution of the population and the difference in the coefficients of transport accessibility in the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Application of Modern Development Tools in Increasing the Competence of the Staff

Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University ◽

10.15330/jpnu.8.3.76-84 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 76-84

Author(s):

Lesya Verbovska ◽

Iryna Haliuk

Keyword(s):

Staff Development ◽

Management Training ◽

Role Playing ◽

Professional Activity ◽

Behavioral Skills ◽

Role Playing Games ◽

Modern Development ◽

The Difference ◽

The article substantiates the main components of improving staff competencies in the face of change. It is determined that taking into account and combining "hard skills" and "soft skills" skills allow you to use the acquired knowledge to perform specific tasks in the workplace in a particular professional activity. Modern and traditional models, techniques and tools of personnel management are presented, according to which it is possible to clearly assess the difference in approaches to managing the competence of employees in the conditions of change. Based on the analysis of world practice, a list of methods is presented: discussions, brainstorming, Oxford debates, Case - Study, business and role - playing games, workshops, communication and management training, which are used to develop skills and abilities of employees. These methods allow expanding the educational opportunities of established forms of classes (lectures, seminars). The relationship between the acquisition of new and improvement of existing staff development competencies on the basis of training and coaching is shown. The proposed methods of acquiring competencies allow you to choose those competencies and methods of acquiring them that correspond to the individual characteristics of organizations. It is proved that the acquisition of competencies by staff allows identifying new competencies in employees, to form the need to use modern analytical and behavioral skills, providing greater opportunities for management skills and flexibility, dialectical thinking, ability to make creative decisions in unusual situations. It is substantiated that the combination of the SMART method in the acquisition of competencies significantly expands the possibilities of short-term learning, through the application of the concept of "lifelong learning". Different definitions of the essence of "competence" are analyzed, which allows emphasizing that when choosing different forms of education, in particular, trainings, different types of training it is necessary to use / apply modern methods and techniques. It has been proven that incompetent non-use by a staff of their knowledge, skills, experience and skills often leads to reduced profits and inefficient use of their potential.

Flexible Specialization. Flexible Accumulation

Geografie ◽

10.37040/geografie1995100020115 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 115-121

Author(s):

David Uhlíř

Keyword(s):

Regional Development ◽

The Other ◽

Great Flexibility ◽

Theoretical Concepts ◽

Flexible Specialization ◽

The Social ◽

The Difference ◽

Flexible Accumulation ◽

The Individual ◽

Organization Of Production

This article deals with two theoretical concepts: flexible specialization and flexible accumulation. It starts with a very brief description of the changes in organization of production that occurred in the recent decades as a consequence of the 1970s and early 1980s crises. Their single most important characteristic is a great flexibility. Subsequently, the ways in which the two theories explain the changes themselves and their consequences are described in a more detailed manner. This includes reactions of the economic subjects involved, i.e. the state and the individual enterprises. Further on, the author aims to clarify the difference between two "flexible concepts" that are often misinterpreted in geographical literature. The distinction leads to an evaluation of the flexible specialization theory as an important contribution to the theories of regional development: on the other hand the flexible accumulation theorizes more generally the social and economic change. Several critical remarks concerning both theories are quoted in the last part of this article.

Approaches to solving problems of practical application of magnetic-coercive control in the assessment of the state of crane metal structures

Theory and practice of metallurgy ◽

10.34185/tpm.2.2020.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2,2020 (2,2020 (125)) ◽

pp. 10-16

Author(s):

Chuhlib V ◽

Gubskyi S

Keyword(s):

Coercive Force ◽

Metal Structure ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Coercive Control ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Metal Structures ◽

Control Research ◽

The Difference ◽

The aim of the study. By taking into account the individual characteristics of magnetic structuroscopes such as KRMCC-2M to increase the reliability of the passport of magnetic control. Research methodology. To take into account the individual characteristics of magnetic structuroscopes such as KRM-CC-2M, a method has been developed. It is based on taking into account the individual characteristics of magnetic structuroscopes. The essence of this method is that together with the crane and PMK you need to have a stepped pattern with different sections of the same material from which the metal structure of the crane. At each magneto-coercive NC of the metal structure of the crane it is necessary to measure the coercive force of this sample and enter them in the PMC together with the serial number of the structroscope. Having readings of the coercive force on this sample of all structuroscopes of the KRM-CC-2M type, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the level of magnetization intensity of each structroscope. Next, calculating the difference in the intensity of magnetization of the devices KRM-CC-2M (ΔNS δ, A / cm), take it into account when processing and analyzing the results already obtained on the crane magnetic-coercive NC. Results. The process of analysis of the results of magnetic coercive control is automated. It is shown that it is impossible to be limited at an estimation of a condition of a metalwork to only one method. For a more objective result, it is necessary to apply magnetic coercive control in combination with other control methods and calculation methods. Work on magneticcoercive non-destructive testing, which solve existing problems, has been confirmed in practice. This will make it possible to conduct magnetic-coercive control of metal structures with different thicknesses of elements, take into account the individual characteristics of magnetic structuroscopes such as KRM-CC-2M and increase the coercive force depending on the load intensity of the metal structure. Practical significance. The results of the research are used in the analysis of the change of coercive force in the bevel of the sprung system of the crane-loader with a capacity of 32 tons.

ON ESTIMATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR ON DETECTION OF DEFECTS IN ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION AND DEFECTOMETRY

Kontrol Diagnostika ◽

10.14489/td.2021.10.pp.004-010 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4-10

Author(s):

V. G. Badalyan

Keyword(s):

Human Factor ◽

Flaw Detection ◽

Correction Coefficient ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Average Value ◽

Ultrasonic Flaw ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Based on the analysis of the results of ultrasonic testing, a quantitative assessment of the influence of the human factor on the PoD curves built for independent inspectors, several (different) flaw detection techniques was obtained. It is shown that the average value of the change in the probability of detecting flaws, which determines the value of the correction coefficient equal to 0.015 for flaws with a height of 4 to 12 mm (for the defectometry technique) and 0.18 for flaws with a height of 5 to 12 mm (for flaw detection techniques). For flaws less, than 4 mm in height, the average value of the change in the probability of detecting flaws for individual inspectors depends significantly on the height of the flaw. A significant difference in the average value of the change in the probability of detecting flaws and the standard deviation during inspection by flaw detection and defectometry techniques is associated with the difference in the amount of information provided by the inspection techniques and the individual characteristics of the inspectors.

SOCIETY INTEGRATION EDUCATION Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference ◽

DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING IN NON-LINGUISTIC HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

10.17770/sie2018vol1.3443 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Tatyana Klets ◽

Oksana Malysheva ◽

Nadezhda Presnyakova

Keyword(s):

Foreign Language ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Language Education ◽

Study Groups ◽

Methodological Principle ◽

Language Training ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

The Difference ◽

In the Russian system of foreign language education, learner-centred approach is seen as a leading strategic direction designed to ensure self-realization of the learner as a linguistic personality able to interact effectively in the intercultural context. The problem of differentiation is one of the central issues in learner-centred education. In authors’ opinion, the differentiated approach is the most optimal in the conditions of the heterogeneity of the study groups. The article reveals the main characteristics of a differentiated approach as a general methodological principle of teaching, allowing to take into account the individual, intellectual and psychophysiological characteristics of students. The problems, advantages and disadvantages of differentiated education in non-linguistic higher schools are analyzed. The authors of the article examine the essence of multilevel training, define its principles, describe both the external differentiation of students depending on the difference in linguistic competence and the internal differentiation as the organization of the learning process, in which the individual characteristics of students are contemplated in the conditions of a homogeneous group. Generalization of the experience on the afore-mentioned differentiation forms in the system of language training is given as well as some techniques and methods of teaching in multilevel groups are offered.

Does China’s Low-Carbon Pilot Policy Promote Foreign Direct Investment? An Empirical Study Based on City-Level Panel Data of China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131910848 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 10848

Author(s):

Chang Zhao ◽

Bing Wang

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Panel Data ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Difference In Difference ◽

Promotion Effect ◽

Policy Effect ◽

The Difference ◽

As an important driving force of China’s economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) may be affected by China’s low-carbon pilot policy. Therefore, this paper regards the low-carbon pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment, and uses the difference-in-difference (DID) model and the panel data of 189 cities in China from 2011 to 2018 to explore the actual impact and intermediary mechanism of low-carbon pilot policy on FDI. The study found that low-carbon pilot policy has a significant promotion effect on FDI, and industrial optimization and upgrading is an important way. At the same time, we construct the difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD) model, and discuss the heterogeneity of policy effect caused by resource endowments and the individual characteristics of government officials in the process of policy implementation. The results indicate that resource-rich cities can enhance the promotion effect of low-carbon pilot policy on FDI. Similarly, when the mayor of the pilot city is a female, or obtains a master’s degree or a doctorate degree, or majored in non-economics, respectively, the policy effect will be more obvious. In addition, in order to verify the reliability of the research conclusions, this paper also uses a placebo test and data truncation to conduct a series of robustness tests.

Studying the Transitivity of Motivation Ratings

Sociological Journal ◽

10.19181/socjour.2021.27.2.8083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 8-24

Author(s):

Yulia Tumeneva ◽

Kseniya Vergeles

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Basic Assumption ◽

Ordinal Scale ◽

Main Task ◽

Likert Scales ◽

The Social ◽

Unit Of Measurement ◽

The Difference ◽

Measurement in social sciences implies that the measured feature is quantitative, or in other words that it is possible not only to arrange the values of any given attribute, but also to express the difference between ordered magnitudes using a certain unit of measurement. However the need to verify this basic assumption is often ignored. And though there are a few possible excuses for this, but fundamentally this neglect distracts the social sciences from its main task of exploring reality. In this work, one of the requirements for the ordinal structure of motives was checked, namely the requirement of transitivity: if a > b and b > c, then a > c. If transitivity is not observed, then motives cannot be evaluated even on an ordinal scale (“more – less”, “stronger – weaker”), not to mention their quantitative measurement, which all methods that use Likert scales are supposedly tailored to. On a sample of 250 students, it was shown that about half of the respondents established transitivity when arranging their motives (internal, external and social ones), which justifies the use of ordinal scales for motivation assessment, at least for these motives and for two values: “more” and “less”; however, even in these cases, further validation of the assumptions about additivity when it comes to measuring motives is required to justify the use of Likert scales. The other part of the respondents (about 40%) could neither distinguish nor arrange their motives, therefore not only measuring, but even defining the order of their motives in these cases is impossible. It is concluded that the transitivity error is associated with the individual characteristics of the respondents and requires further study as a systematic error.

SOCIETY INTEGRATION EDUCATION Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference ◽

DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING IN NON-LINGUISTIC HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

10.17770/sie2018vol3.3421 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 534

Author(s):

Tatyana Klets ◽

Oksana Malysheva ◽

Nadezhda Presnyakova

Keyword(s):

Foreign Language ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Language Education ◽

Study Groups ◽

Methodological Principle ◽

Language Training ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

The Difference ◽

THE METHODS OF DEVELOPING COMPUTATIONAL THINKING OF STUDENTS WHILE STUDYING THE COURSE "NUMERICAL METHODS" BASED ON BLENDED LEARNING

Informatics and Education ◽

10.32517/0234-0453-2019-34-6-34-41 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 34-41

Author(s):

M. M. Klunnikova

Keyword(s):

Numerical Methods ◽

Blended Learning ◽

Computational Thinking ◽

Diagnostic Model ◽

Mathematics Students ◽

Professional Activities ◽

Cognitive Component ◽

Professional Field ◽

The work is devoted to the consideration of improving the quality of teaching students the discipline “Numerical methods” through the development of the cognitive component of computational thinking based on blended learning. The article presents a methodology for the formation of computational thinking of mathematics students, based on the visualization of algorithmic design schemes and the activation of the cognitive independence of students. The characteristic of computational thinking is given, the content and structure of computational thinking are shown. It is argued that a student with such a mind is able to manifest himself in his professional field in the best possible way. The results of the application of the technique are described. To determine the level of development of the cognitive component of computational thinking, a diagnostic model has been developed based on measuring the content, operational and motivational components. It is shown that the proposed method of developing computational thinking of students, taking into account the individual characteristics of students’ thinking, meaningfully based on the theoretical and practical aspects of studying the discipline, increases the effectiveness of learning the course “Numerical methods”. The materials of the article are of practical value for teachers of mathematical disciplines who use information and telecommunication technologies in their professional activities.