scholarly journals The influence of methods of basic tillage and fertilizers on the content of basic nutrients in leached chernozem

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
E. V. Kuzina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Resource Saving

Relevance. The preservation, reproduction and rational use of agricultural soil fertility is the main condition for the stable development of the agro-industrial complex. Mechanical tillage systems, the use of mineral and microbiological fertilizers are one of the main links in adaptive landscape farming systems. In the conditions of a sharp decrease in the rates of fertilizer application, an increase in the imbalance of elements of mineral nutrition of plants observed in recent years in agroecosystems, the function of improving the regimes of chernozems, preserving their fertility is designed to perform resource-saving technologies of soil cultivation in combination with effective methods of using agrochemicals that combine environmental and economic feasibility.Methods. The experiments were laid in 2017–2019 on chernozem heavy loamy soils typical for most farms in the Ulyanovsk region. The object of the study is spring wheat, the variety Ulyanovskaya 100. The subject of the study is the methods of tillage, doses of mineral fertilizers, the biological product "BisolbiFit". The following technological methods of using the biological product were studied: seed treatment before sowing, non-root treatment of vegetating plants and a combination of these methods. The experiment was carried out on three backgrounds: N0P0K0 (control); 2) N30P30K30; 3) N60P60K60.Results. It was found that the best nitrification ability was possessed by variants with fine combback and comb-back with soil-deepening treatment, in which the weighted average content of nitrate nitrogen was 3.29–3.33 mg/100 g, which is 35–36%; 26–28%; 43–44% more than with fine, conventional non-dump and dump treatment respectively. Plowing improved the conditions of phosphorus and potassium nutrition of plants by 25–37% and 6–14% compared to other treatments. When N30P30K30 and N60 P60 K60 were applied to the soil, the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 46 and 91%, phosphorus — by 0–14% and potassium — by 6 and 21% compared to the nonfertilized background. More effective in terms of the effect on the productivity of spring wheat were comb-shaped treatments, where the average yield was 2.89–2.94 t/ha, which exceeded the usual plowing by 0.19–0.24 t/ha. The greatest increase in yield was obtained when combining the methodsseed treatment + spraying of vegetative plants with the biological preparation "BisolbiFit". On an unfertilized background, the increase in grain yield was -0.71, on the background of N30P30K30 — 1.04, on the background of N60P60K60 — 1.56 t/ha.

scholarly journals Efficiency of cultivation technologies for spring wheat with different levels of intensity on chernozem soils of Kursk Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lazarev ◽  
Boris Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Kursk Region

The paper presents the results of research on the efficiency of technologies for cultivating spring wheat at various levels of intensity (extensive, intensive, resource-saving) under the conditions of chernozem soils of Kursk Region. It was found that higher reserves of available moisture and nitrate nitrogen in the arable layer of the soil before sowing spring wheat were provided by technologies with moldboard plowing. Replacing plowing with subsurface methods of tillage led to a decrease in the available moisture and nitrate nitrogen reserves in the soil for all fertilizer systems. The lowest weediness of spring wheat was observed when it was cultivated using technologies with moldboard plowing 52.3-58.3 PCs/m2, depending on the fertilizer system. The replacement of plowing with subsurface and surface tillage increased the weediness of crops to 61.7 and 73.7 PCs / m2, respectively. Application of mineral fertilizers had almost no significant effect on the number of weeds in spring wheat. The highest yield of spring wheat in all the years of studies (4,27 t/ha) was obtained in the intensive cultivation technology involving plowing at 20-22 cm, fertilization at a rate of N60Р60К60, treatment of crops with pesticides based on economic threshold of harmfulness. Yield of spring wheat, cultivated by resource-saving technologies with organic-mineral system of fertilization 0.86-4.25 t/ha depending on the methods of primary tillage. Moldboard plowing of the soil against the background of the organic-mineral fertilizer system increased the yield of spring wheat by 0.18 t/ha in comparison with subsurface tillage and by 0.39 t/ha in comparison with surface tillage. However, due to higher production costs, the best economic indicators were obtained when spring wheat was cultivated using resourcesaving technologies with an organic-mineral fertilizer system and non-moldboard methods of primary tillage.

INFLUENCE OF SOIL CULTIVATION ON THE CONTENT OF THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF MINERAL NUTRITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-630
Author(s):  
E.V. Kuzina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of methods of basic soil cultivation and fertilizer rates on the content of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Experiments were laid in 2012–2018 on chernozem heavy loamy soils typical for most farms in the Ulyanovsk region. The purpose of our research was to determine the influence of the methods of basic soil cultivation and the doses of mineral fertilizers on the nutritional regime with the continuous and local placement of crop residues. The following methods of soil cultivation were studied: 1. Moldboard – (plowing by 20–22 cm PLN-4-35) control; 2. Mouldboardless – (SibIME stands for 20–22 cm), 3. Shallow comb-cultivator – (OP-3S for 10–12 cm), 4. Shallow mulching tillage – (OPO-4.25 for 10–12 cm), 5. Without the main autumn tillage, 6. Peeling with a stubble spreader – (OP-3S by 6–8 cm), 7. Ridge-curling – (OPP-3S with soil deepening up to 30–32 cm). Against the background of treatments for crop rotation, fertilizers were applied in doses of N0P0K0; N30P30K30; N60P60K60. It was found that, against a natural background, the best nitrifying ability was possessed by ridge cultivation with soil deepening, at which the weighted average value of the nitrate nitrogen content was 3.94 mg/100 g, which is 37% more than at zero, by 45% at shallow and 57–58% for conventional moldboard and moldless processing. Plowing improved the conditions for phosphorus and potassium nutrition of plants by 14–27% and 6–11% in comparison with other treatments. When N30P30K30 и N60P60K60 were introduced into the soil, the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 48% and 84%, phosphorus and potassium by 6% and 17% compared to the non-fertilized background.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES OF THE GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS USAGE IN THE SUNFLOWER CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY FOR OILSEEDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Рустам Низамов ◽  
Rustam Nizamov ◽  
Салават Сулейманов ◽  
Salavat Suleymanov ◽  
Фаик Сафиоллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Geoinformation Systems ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Optimum Depth ◽  
The Republic

In the Republic of Tatarstan sunflower is cultivated on an area of 100 or more thousands of hectares and tends to grow as a high-margin crop. Therefore, the introduction of resource-saving sunflower cultivation technology, which provides 25-30 centners per hectare of high-quality, environmentally safe oilseeds based on planning and operational management of crops, taking into account the results of geoinformation systems of intrafield variability of plant habitat, is an actual problem of the modern agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation as a whole. In addition, the differentiated application of mineral fertilizers, soil cultivation to the optimum depth, precise sowing with respect to the parameters between the rows and the distance between the seeds in the rows, sealing the seeds to the same depth, optimizing plant care, predicting and harvesting losses without loss real under conditions of wide use of GIS-technologies in agriculture. In this regard, this article looks at promising areas of application of GIS technologies in the production of sunflower oilseeds.

RESOURCE-SAVING MODELS OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Marat Sabitov ◽  
Sergey Zaharov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Wheat Cultivation

Studies to study the effectiveness of various resource-saving models of spring wheat cultivation, which allow forming stable yields with the lowest costs, were carried out in Ulyanovsk region in a stationary field experiment in 2017-2019. The soil of the experimental site is leached chernozem, medium-sized with a humus content of 6.35 %, mobile P2O5 and K2O (according to Chirikov) – 225 and 119 mg/kg, respectively, pHsalt - 6.8, the sum of absorbed bases - 48.6 mg.-eq./100 g. The scheme of the experiment provided for the study of variants of technologies for spring wheat, differing in the main tillage, the number of operations in the technological process against the background of the use of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products: traditional technology-plowing to a depth of 23 ... 25 cm (control); resource-saving technology − non-fall processing at 23 ... 25 cm; minimum technology-without autumn main processing, sowing was carried out on treated stubble in spring. The yield of spring wheat in wet 2017 according to the traditional technology was 4.21 t/ha, according to the resource − saving one – 4.15 t/ha, according to the minimum one-4.12 t/ha, or 0.09 t/ha lower than according to the traditional one. In the dry year of 2018, the yield for the resource – saving technology was 2.72 t/ha, for the traditional one – 2.08 t/ha, for the minimum one – 2.03 t/ha, which is 0.64 and 0.69 t/ha lower than for the resource-saving one. In a moderately dry 2019, according to traditional and resource-saving technologies, the wheat yield was the same-3.39 and 3.40 t/ha, and at the minimum it was lower by 0.14 and 0.15 t/ha. The developed models of resource-saving and minimal agricultural technologies allow to preserve soil fertility, reduce costs by 3.0...5.5%, reduce the cost of grain by 2.5...8.4 %, increase the efficiency and profitability of spring wheat grain production by 65 ... 75%

scholarly journals Application of sapropel as an organic fertilizer under conditions of the right bank of the Saratov region

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Ivan Filippovich Medvedev ◽  
Sergey Sergeevich Derevyagin ◽  
Ilya Olegovich Molchanov ◽  
Anastasiya Sergeevna Buzueva ◽  
Mikhail Nikolaevich Panasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Study Application

The effectiveness of sapropel as an organic fertilizer is revealed. It was compared with the traditional organic and mineral fertilizers. So, the most noticeable softening of the soil compared to the control variant was after application of sapropel. During the study, application of sapropel maximally increased the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil from 2.8 to 4.1 mg/kg, exceeding the indicator of ammonium nitrate by 48.8% and manure by 36.6%.  Sapropel increases the content of mobile forms of potassium in the soil over an average of 2 years from 306 to 316 mg/kg, while the content of mobile phosphorus is minimal - 20.3 mg/kg. The highest yield of spring wheat was in the variant  the variant after application of  ammonium nitrate in a dose of N60 (1.64 t/ha) and sapropel in a dose of 6 t ha (1.57 t/ha).  

INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NUTRITION AND SEEDING RATES MODES ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER TRITICALE CULTIVATED WITHIN KALMYK-ASTRAKHAN RICE IRRIGATION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Rice Irrigation ◽  
High Yields

Increasing the production of food grain is currently one of the most important tasks of agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. One of its promising directions is justification and development of regional organizational and technological systems for sustainable crops and high-quality grain on the background of varying weather conditions. It is an urgent problem of agricultural production in the Caspian region. Agro-climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region are quite favorable for the development of grain direction. According to FSBNI "Caspian agricultural Federal scientific center of Russian Academy of Sciences" and the results of advanced peasant farms’ activities, the development of intensive technologies of crops cultivation allows to obtain high yields of winter triticale - up to 4-5 t/ha. To reach such productivity it is necessary to make up to 400 kg of mineral fertilizers per hectare of crop rotation area. The purpose of the research was to develop elements of agricultural cultivation technology of winter triticale Valentin variety under climatic conditions of the North-Western Caspian sea, to obtain stable and high yields under irrigation (Bay checks). For the first time the author reveals the peculiarities of winter triticale crop formation depending on different seeding rates, mineral fertilizers levels at irrigation hole of4200 m3/ha in the conditions of former fields of rice irrigation system (Deposit). A comparative analysis with the selection of the most promising treatment options was carried out. The elements of resource-saving technology of winter crops cultivation were justified under irrigation conditions, providing highly productive marketable products with high rates of photosynthetic potential.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Flows and Sustainability of Agrosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4961-4966
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Nitrogen Flows

In the experiment through sod-podzolic soil, nitrogen flows were estimated in agrocoenosis when applied under spring wheat using 15N ammonium nitrate labeled with isotope and white mustard biomass as a siderate. It was established that the increase of grain yield from the use of N45 is 42%, the siderate – 58%, their joint introduction – 99%, from seed inoculation with the Rizoagrin biopreparation – 16%. 60 - 80% of spring wheat harvest is formed due to soil nitrogen, the share of "extra" nitrogen reaches 14%. Plants use 41% of ammonia nitrate nitrogen for crop formation, and 23% of the siderate. Seed inoculation with a biological product increases plant nitrogen intake of mineral fertilizer by 5 - 9%. 26% of ammonium nitrate nitrogen and 33% of siderate nitrogen are fixed in the soil, the biological product does not affect this process. Unaccounted losses of 15N mineral fertilizer make up 32% of the applied amount and reduced by 8% when adding ammonium nitrate and inoculating seeds. The loss of labeled siderate nitrogen is 25% of the amount deposited, the use of the biological product increases the nitrogen consumption of N-fertilizers and provides a positive tendency for green manure nitrogen to fix in the soil and reduces its loss by 4%. On sod-podzolic light loamy soil, agroecosystem functions in the homeostasis mode (norm) when using green manure, in the stress mode (permissible) – when sharing green manure and mineral nitrogen fertilizer. When using only ammonium nitrate, agroecosystem operates in resistance mode. Differences in the performance of agroecosystems among variants with the inoculation of spring wheat with Rizoagrin and without it have not been established.

scholarly journals Assessment of the development of cereal diseases when applying resource saving soil tillage systems and using biopreparations in adaptive landscape crop farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-732
Author(s):  
L. M. Kozlova ◽  
E. N. Noskova ◽  
F. A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Loam Soil

The article presents the results of studies of complex effect of biopreparations use during basic and pre-sowing soil tillage on root rot damage and leaf and stem infections of spring grain crops (wheat cv. Svecha, barley cv. Lel’, oats cv. Selma). Studies of 2010-2017 were carried out in seven-field crop rotation on sod-podzolic medium-loam soil. The root rot damage of spring wheat was significantly lower (17.9 %) by surface tillage than by ploughing (22.5 %) in arid conditions with insufficient productive moisture (9.1-17.2 mm) and an increase in soil density (1.37-1.43 g/cm3). Under optimal humidification conditions, the differences in root rot damage of barley are equaled (21.3 and 22.4 %). High soil density (1.32-1.36 g/cm3) also caused an increase in the number of diseased oat plants by surface tillage (21.6) compared to ploughing (14.6 %). Treatment of crops with the preparations Streptomyces castelarensis А4 and Pseudobacterin-2 in the tillering phase led to a significant decrease in root rot damage only on oats (by 17.1 and 17.4 %, respectively). The degree of damage of spring grain crops with leaf and stem diseases was not significantly affected by the methods of basic and pre-sowing tillage. Only the use of a combined sowing unit for cultivation of spring wheat reduced the damage with leaf rust by 2.9 %, with septoriosis – by 1.0% compared to the control. On wheat, the preparations were effective on the background of ploughing reducing leaf rust damage by 15.2 and 11.6 %. The preparation S. castelarensis А4 had a greater effect on barley: the number of plants affected by crown rust was 19.1% less. Pseudobacterin-2 had a better effect on the background of surface tillage, reducing the incidence by 12.9 % relative to the control (ploughing to 20-22 cm). On oat sowings, the preparations were comparable in effect: the intensity of crown rust damage was significantly lower by 5.0 and 4.7 % compared to the control. The action of S. castelarensis А4 is more effective on the background of surface soil tillage. Pseudobacterin-2 had the best effect by plowing. The damage of wheat with stem rust and septoriosis was low. Thus, the methods of basic tillage did not affect the damage of grain crops with leaf and stem diseases and significantly decreased the development of root rot in wheat and oats. Methods of pre-sowing tillage did not have a significant effect on the damage of spring grain crops with root rot and significantly reduced the damage of wheat with leaf rust and septoriosis. The preparations used reduced the intensity and the development of root rot of oats and leaf and stem diseases of wheat, barley, oats.

The technological transformation of Russia's industrial sectors: Difficulties and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1697
Author(s):  
O.P. Smirnova ◽  
A.O. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Production Method ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Subject. The article focuses on contemporary trends in the industrial and socio-economic development of Russia during the technological transformation of its sectors. Objectives. The study is an attempt to analyze what opportunities and difficulties may arise for the development of the industrial sectors in Russia. We also examine the dynamics of key development indicators of the industrial sectors, point out inhibitors of their competitiveness. Methods. The methodological framework comprises general methods of systems, structural-functional and comprehensive approaches to analyzing economic phenomena. We applied graphic, economic-statistical methods of research, conventional methods of grouping, comparison and generalization, and the logic, systems and statistical analysis. Results. We display how industrial sectors develop over time by type of economic activities. The article provides the rationale for structural rearrangements and further innovation-driven development of the industries. We display that the Russian industries technologically depend om imported production technologies. We substantiate the renewal of assets and technologies at industrial enterprises, and retain and develop human capital. Conclusions and Relevance. Primarily, the Russian economy should be digitalized as a source of the long-term economic growth. Notably, industrial enterprises should replace their linear production method with that of the circular economy and implement resource-saving innovative technologies. The State evidently acts as the leading driver of technological retrofitting of the industrial sector. If the State holds the reasonable and appropriate industrial policy at the federal and regional levels and configure its tools to ensure the modern approach to developing the industries in a competitive fashion, the industrial complex will successfully transform into the innovative economy.

Photosynthetic activity of spring wheat depending on the conditions of water supply

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Seregina ◽  
◽  
I.G. Makarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety ◽  
Excessive Water

Abstract:In model experiments in soil culture, the effect of different methods of treatment with sodium selenite on the photosynthetic activity of spring wheat variety Zlata was studied under extreme growing conditions. Under drought conditions, the inhibition of the growth of the photosynthetic surface of spring wheat plants was revealed. Under conditions of excessive water supply, a sharp decrease in the area of the assimilating surface of wheat plants was observed. The positive effect of sodium selenite solution on the photosynthetic activity of spring wheat plants was established with insufficient and excessive water supply to wheat plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document