scholarly journals The Unemployed Main Character in the Fiction of Kunut Hamsun and Najeeb Mahfouz: A Comparative Study in the Light of Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Abdel kareem Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
The Third ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Psychological Difficulties ◽  
The Government ◽  
Story Writer ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Commit Suicide

The Norwegian novelist Kunut Hamsun published his novel Hunger in 1921. The novel was translated into English by George Egerton. In this novel, Hamsun introduces the character of Andereas Tangen, a journalist who has a good life but starts to lose his living, and his essays begin to be refused. He becomes unemployed and suffers poverty, hunger, and homelessness for some time. By the end of the novel, he finds a job on a ship that is sailing from his town Christiania to fetch coal. During the 1930s the Egyptian novelist and short story writer Nageeb Mahfouz wrote his collection of short stories (Hams Eel- Gnoon) The Whisper of Madness. Among this collection, he published his short story (Al- Goo) The Hunger.  In this short story, the main character, Ibrahim Hanafy has been working in a factory until he cuts his arm in an accident and loses his job. He becomes unemployed and he, with his family, suffers hunger and many social and psychological difficulties. He hates his life, tries to commit suicide but is saved coincidently by the son of the factory's owner. The man promises Ibrahim to find him a job. This paper aims to show that the unemployed main character in Hamsun's and Mahfouz's works is unable either to love a partner or to have a friend and if he is married, he is unable to keep his marriage relation. Another aim of the paper is to shed light on the negative relations of the unemployed character on one side with his god and with the government of his country on the other side. The third aim of the paper is to emphasize that unemployment, in Hamsun's and Mahfouz's works, leads the once good character to try to commit suicide. Thus the paper comes into three parts: the first part deals with Tangen’s failure to have a love relation or enjoy a friendship. This part also tackles Hanafy’s disability to protect his love for his wife. The second part introduces Tangen’s criticism of his god and of the government in his country. In the third part, the paper discusses the once good characters, becoming unemployed, thinking of death as a solution, and may try to commit suicide. The paper depends on the theory of needs' priority and the method of social and psychological analysis in tackling its topic.

scholarly journals A Psychological Analysis of the Main Character in the Novel” Daryas and Bakhtiar Ali’s Bodies”. In Light of the Method of Psychological Criticism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-166
Author(s):  
Sarkawt Omer Eibrahem ◽  
Nahida Hussein Abdwlrahman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
The Third ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Revolution

            The title of this paper is to measure the personality of the main character in the novel of {Daryas and lashakan} which means { Daryas and corpses} of Bakhtyar Ali.Then taking into consideration a method of psychoanalytic criticism. Of course personality in the novel texts is significant and has a big role, so psycho has an impact on reflecting the personality. This paper tries to analyse the personality of the main characters in the novel in the light of the method of psychoanalytic criticism. The paper is divided into two parts: the first section is about the definition of the term psychology. The second section is devoted to the relation between literature and psychology. Also in the third section a method of psychoanalytic criticism in literature has been presented. In the first section of the second part is about the personality of the character of the novel and the aim of the novel. The character hs been assessed in terms of five psychological disorders ( depression, pessimism, low self-esteem, fear and worry, anger and oppositional deiant disorder ). Through those psychological disorders this paper tries to assess the personality of both characters ( Elyas and Daryas ). Elyas believed in running revolution but Daryas didnt believe in the revolution.

scholarly journals Alice Walker’s Perspective of Empowerment of Black Women as Revealed in her Novel “The Third Life of Grange Copeland”

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
K. Srividya Lakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Women Characters ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Alice Walker ◽  
Pulitzer Prize ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
The Third ◽  
System A ◽  
Story Writer

Alice Walker is a Black American novelist, essayist, short story writer, poetic, critic, biographer, editor and Pulitzer Prize laureate. Alice Walker captures the experience of Black women in her works as a series of movements from women who are victimized by the society to women who have taken control of their lives consciously. She has explored the lives of Black women in depth even questions their fate. She has courage to see through the seeds of time and declares that in future black women would no longer live in suspension. “The Third Life of Grange Copeland” (1970) was the first novel of Alice Walker. The focus is on Black women characters in The Third Life who empower themselves through education and economic independence. This novel introduces the domination of powerless women by equally powerless men. The novel challenges African Americans to take a scrutinizing look at them. Mary Margaret Richards observes that “The Oldest generation represented by Grange finds itself trapped in a share cropper system… a form of slavery (African –American Writers, p.744). The novel introduces many of her prevalent themes, particularly the domination of powerless women by equally powerless men.

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF H. KORTASAR’S SHORT STORY «СONTINUITY OF PARKS»

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Michail S. Burak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Main Task ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
The Third

This research is devoted to H.Kortasar’s short story «Сontinuity of parks». The relevance of the topic is connected with the possibility to make a multidimensional analysis. The aim of the research is to demonstrate great importance of linguistic analysis of a short story for the revealing of its meaning. In the Introduction a short description of the structure of the story is given. There are two plans, two realities which exist parallel to each other and at the end they meet. The main character of the story «Сontinuity of parks» is the victim of the character of the novel read by him. The second part of the article is devoted to the short view of the literature criticism of this piece of work. The main attention is given to the phenomenon of metallepsis, the notion of chronotope, the category of myth and connection of this piece of work with H. L. Borhes’s works. The author of the article also pays attention to H. Kortasar’s aesthetic concept connected with the phenomenon of «reader-female» and the author’s view on a literature piece of work from the viewpoint of «play». The relevance of «interaction between key moments of the text» and a reader’s experience. The third part of the article gives a linguistic analysis of some elements of the story including nominalization and ontological metaphor. The author gives a detailed analysis of lexeme and phrase dibujo (drawing, outline), el dibujo de los personajes (outline, character sketch), ilusióni (illusion), intrusion (intrusion), continuidad (continuity). As a result the author makes following conclusions. As in many other stories H. Kortasar in «Continuity of parks» involves the reader in the narration, gives a riddle to him which can’t be solved from the viewpoint of formal logics. The intrigue of the narration, its «its inner structure» is implemented because of great opportunities of Spanish. The interpretation of an open end in some literature works of postmodern period is the main task of the reader who becomes а «co-author» of the text.

scholarly journals Tradition Versus and Modernity in Laila al-Juhani’s The Waste Paradise: An Intertextual Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdullah Abduldaim Hizabr Alhusami
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Short Story ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Saudi Women ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Story Writer

The aim of this paper is to investigate the issue of intertextuality in the novel Alfirdaws Alyabab (The Waste Paradise) by the female Saudi novelist and short story writer Laila al-Juhani. Intertextuality is a rhetoric and literary technique defined as a textual reference deliberate or subtle to some other texts with a view of drawing more significance to the core text; and hence it is employed by an author to communicate and discuss ideas in a critical style. The narrative structure of Alfirdaws Alyabab (The Waste Paradise) showcases references of religious, literary, historical, and folkloric intertextuality. In analyzing these references, the study follows the intertextual approach. In her novel The Waste Paradise, Laila al-Juhani portrays the suffering of Saudi women who are less tormented by social marginalization than by an inner conflict between openness to Western culture and conformity to cultural heritage. Intertextuality relates to words, texts, or discourses among each other. Moreover, the intertextual relations are subject to reader’s response to the text. The relation of one text with other texts or contexts never reduces the prestige of writing. Therefore, this study, does not diminish the status of the writer or the text; rather, it is in itself a kind of literary creativity. Finally, this paper aims to introduce Saudi writers in general and the female writers in particular to the world literature.

scholarly journals The Concept of “Thrownness” in Algis Budrys's Short Story “Wall of Crystal, Eye of Night”

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (45) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Svetozar Poštič
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Being And Time ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
German Philosopher

This paper analyses the concept of thrownness and the related notions of immediacy and actuality in a 1961 short science fiction story “Wall of Crystal, Eye of Night” by Algis Budrys. It first defines the concept of thrownness (Geworfenheit), created and coined by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger in his classic book Being and Time, and it explains how this notion can be employed in literary analysis in general and applied to this work in particular. The article then analyses how certain stylistic devices in the short story, namely similes, change of pace and the presentation of an inner conflict in the main character, contribute to the feeling of authenticity. In other words, it attempts to exhibit the means used in a prose work to make it seem more realistic and immediate. Finally, the work also argues that science fiction is in many ways more real than other fictional works. Although it belongs to the genre that has traditionally been denied serious literary merit, the novel view and interpretation of this story aims to disclose new horizons of artistic expression that illuminate human mental and physical frailty and stimulate a valuable inquiry into the meaning of life.

scholarly journals A PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN MARSIRAJI THAHIR’S KABAR BUNGA

Lire Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
M Afifulloh
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to describe the female characters in the novel Kabar Bunga by Marsiraji Thahir, the conflicts and its causes, and the impact of the conflicts experienced by women in the novel Kabar Bunga by Marsiraji Thahir. This novel is examined by a psychological approach in literature, a literary approach that emphasizes the psychological aspects of the types and laws of psychology that can be applied to literary works. The data is qualitative since the purpose of this research is to explain or describe the phenomena of the researches deeply. The data were obtained by categorizing all the related dialogues in the story, then psychologically analyzed. Triangulation was used to validate the data.  After finishing all the steps of analyzing data, the interpretations were made based on the data and the theory. The results of the research were, psychologically, the main character in this novel is described as a person who often feels worried, frightened, keeping the reality up, and she is burdened by the problems faced. This portrayal is the representation of Wulan as a woman and woman emotionally and mentally is depicted as a weakness persona without having the ability to solve the problems.

Comedy is everywhere

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Kundera
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Milan Kundera ◽  
State Prize ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The Times ◽  
Story Writer

Novelist, playwright and short story writer Milan Kundera is one of the many Czech authors who, though they represent the best in their country's contemporary literature, cannot publish their work in Prague. Acclaimed in France, where in 1973 he won a major literary prize for his last but one novel, and published in English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, Hebrew, Japanese and many other languages, he remains one of the 400 or more writers who are ‘on the index’ in post-invasion, ‘normalised’ Czechoslovakia. Born in Brno forty-eight years ago, Kundera was until 1969 a professor at the Prague Film Faculty, his students including all the young film makers who were to bring fame to the Czechoslovak cinema in the sixties with such movies as The Firemen's Ball, A Blonde in Love and Closely Observed Trains. In 1960 he published a highly influential essay, ‘The Art of the Novel’. Two years later the National Theatre put on his first play, The Owners of the Keys. Produced by Otomar Kreja, the play was an immediate success and was awarded the State Prize in 1963. His first novel, The Joke, came out in 1967, being reprinted twice in a matter of months and reaching a total of 116,000 copies. This book, whose appearance was delayed by a long, determined struggle with the censor, opened the way to publication abroad, where Aragon called it one of the greatest novels of the century. After the Soviet invasion Kundera was forced to leave the faculty, his work was no longer published in Czechoslovakia, all his books being removed from the public libraries. Since then, his works have only come out in translation. Life Is Elsewhere ( see Index 4/1974, pp.53–62) first appeared in Paris in 1973, where it won the Prix Medicis for the best foreign novel of the year. The French version of his latest novel, The Farewell Party, was published last year. In 1975 Kundera was offered a professorship by the University of Rennes and obtained permission from the Czechoslovak authorities to go to France, which is now his second home. All his prose works now exist in English translation. (For an appraisal of his work, see Robert C. Porter's article in Index 4/1975, pp.41–6). Unfortunately, The Joke - published by Macdonald in London and Coward McCann in New York in 1969 - was drastically cut without the author's consent, forcing Kundera to write an indignant letter to the Times Literary Supplement, disclaiming all responsibility - an interesting case of a non-political, commercial censorship. The irony of the situation was certainly not lost on the author, who is a master of the genre. His collection of short stories, Laughable Loves ( with a foreword by Philip Roth) and his other two novels have since been published by Knopf, and The Farewell Party has just been brought out by John Murray in London. This selection of Kundera's stimulating and often provocative views on such topics as the writer in exile, committed literature, the death of the novel, the nature of comedy, and so on, has been compiled by George Theiner.

And Joy Shall Overtake Us As A Flood

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 54-77
Author(s):  
David James Peterson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Government Facility ◽  
The Government

Are our choices in life, and throughout all time, predetermined, or is there the ability to make different, and better, choices with additional information? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the main character is an older man who has been disfigured and has, generally, had a horrible life. He is brought into a government facility because they have discovered that he met his older self when he was younger, thus establishing that he must now be sent back in time to take part in the action he has already experienced as his younger self. The government agency explains that time travel does not create a multi-verse, but rather a single chain of events through infinity that has all already happened. So, you cannot go back in time to save Lincoln, because Lincoln was never saved. The main character lies to the agency and decides, while back in time, he will try to warn his childhood self away from the errors of his life. While talking to his childhood self the narrator makes realizations about the younger version of himself and the differences between memory and truth. He also attempts to warn his younger self, but as the government agency made clear, he is unable to do this because, had he been able to do it, he would have experienced it being done when he was younger. This story, like all After Dinner Conversation stories, has suggested discussion questions at the end.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GENRE FORM "NOVEL" MODIFICATIONS (ON THE YURI ANDRUKHOVYCH’S NOVEL "DARLINGS OF JUSTICE" AND DANIEL KEHLMANN’S NOVEL “FAME. A NOVEL OF NINE STORIES ")

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ivanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Language System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Text Organization ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Minor Character ◽  
Second Degree

The article deals with modifications of the genre form "novel". These modifications consist of novellas but they show a new quality: the coherent harmonious whole. The comparative analysis extends to the text categories. The category of integrity is the hyper-category of text. It is a bipolar unity with discreteness. The tonality as a category belongs to the first degree categories and expresses bipolar unity of the personality/impersonality on a level with coherence and completeness. Then follow the second degree categories (major) - composition form text organization (KMF), architectonic form text organization (AMF) and oralness / writeness. To these categories submit the third degree categories (primary): phonologic, grammar, semantic and stylistic. They are primary only at the text and in the language system they can have two or more degrees. As the relationships of the parameter "text categories " equivalence, inclusiveness, intersection and inconsistency were considered. The comparison of the novels by Yurii Andrukhovych and by Daniel Kehlmann shows the equivalence of the text categories integrity, coherence and completeness (cohesion), oralness / writeness. The same applies to the categories KMF and AMF. It should be noted, that the equivalence is compensatory at the level of simple categories. Simultaneity of events as a manifestation of integrity is expressed in the novel ofAndrukhovych mainly by anachronisms, Kehlmann does not use they (relationship of inconsistency), but Kehlmann connects his stories with characters, it is absent in the work of Andrukhovych, who minimally mentions some characters in the last chapter. The allusion to cinematography is represented in Andrukhovych's novel through the whole text and the ring repetition (in the title and at the end of the novel). It is something else in the novel by Kehlmann. The character Ralph Tanner, a film actor, who appears in one story as the main character and in four stories as a minor character shows that the novel has the tangency to the cinematography.

scholarly journals Obserwator i jego pozycja w opowiadaniu Tadeusza Borowskiego „Odwiedziny”

LingVaria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Wnuk
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
The Third ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Literary Output

The Observer and His Position in Tadeusz Borowski’s Short Story Odwiedziny (‘The Visit’) The article is an analysis of Tadeusz Borowski’s short story Odwiedziny (‘The visit’). It focuses on linguistic and narrative devices through which the speaker influences the recipient’s perception, and so shapes the reading of his work. The first part is introductory, it presents the goals of the paper. The next part recalls the most important existing interpretations, both of Borowski’s literary output as a whole, and of the text at hand. They form the starting point to an analysis of the position of the character-narrator with regard to the events he is describing, and to the relation between the author, the narrator, and the main character of the story. These considerations constitute the third part of the present paper. It begins with a citation of the full text of the story, and is followed by the main argument announced in the title which refers to Ronald Langacker’s cognitive grammar and takes into special consideration such notions as scene, current discourse space, and vantage point. The closing part of the paper contains conclusions, contrasted with the theses put forward in the context of Borowski’s work, as well as suggestions of possible directions of further analysis of the story within the framework of cognitive linguistics.

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