EFFECTS OF BANDITRY ON RUMINANT ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN KATSINA STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-403
Author(s):  
Adebayo Aruwayo ◽  
Segun S. Adeola ◽  
R. A. Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Ruminant Animal ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Livestock Markets ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Large Families

Ruminant animal production has recently come under a big threat due to the challenges of insecurity. This study was conducted to assess the effect of banditry on ruminant animal production in Katsina state. Using a two-stage sampling procedure,   60 ruminant animal farmers (keeping cattle, sheep and goats) in the state were selected for the study. In the first stage, three livestock markets from each of the state agricultural zones namely: Mai’dua, Charanchi and Sheme markets were purposively selected based on the volume of ruminant animal sold there. The use of livestock markets was because of the difficulty of accessing the famers in their homes due to the prevalent security challenges in the study area. In the second stage, 60 questionnaires were randomly distributed to ruminant animal producers identified in the markets. However, only 44 were used due to incomplete information. The information gathered was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that 66% of the respondent were within the age of 41-60 years, married (93%) and educated (57%). Similarly, majority of the respondents (64%) have large families. According to the study, the most prominent system of production used was Semi-intensive (29%) and forage was the major source of feed (70%). The study concluded that banditry has significantly reduced the ruminant production in the study area with untold negative effect on their standard of living and that government should improve security in the study area

Associations of separate working memory parameters with apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism in Siberian adolescents: a population study

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
А.В. Суханов ◽  
А.А. Гуражева ◽  
Д.В. Денисова ◽  
В.Н. Максимов
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
The State ◽  
Apoe Gene ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Apolipoprotein E Gene ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
E4 Allele

Ген APOE - это один из наиболее известных генов, ассоциированных с развитием как сердечно-сосудистых, так и нейродегенеративных заболеваний центральной нервной системы, сопровождающихся нарушением когнитивных функций (КФ). В ходе настоящего исследования изучены ассоциации аллелей гена APOE с нарушением КФ у подростков г. Новосибирска. Состояние КФ было оценено у 231 мальчика (42,1%) и у 318 девочки (57,9%). Их средний возраст составил 15,66 ± 0,9 года. Выявлено, что наличие аллеля Е4 оказывает негативное влияние на состояние рабочей памяти уже в подростковом возрасте. The APOE gene is one of the most famous genes associated with the development of both cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system, accompanied by impaired cognitive functions. In the course of this study, the associations of APOE gene alleles with cognitive functions violation in the adolescent population of Novosibirsk were studied. The state of cognitive functions was evaluated in 231 boys (42.1%) and 318 girls (57.9%). Their average age was 15.66 ± 0.9 years. It was revealed that the presence of the E4 allele of the APOE gene has a negative effect on the state of working memory even in adolescence.

scholarly journals Application of Spectral Methods for Synthesis of Symptoms for Qualification of Agricultural Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Radoslava Nikolova Gabrova ◽  
Lena Filipova Kostadinova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Spectral Methods ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
New Space ◽  
Initial Description

The basic stages during automatic qualification of agricultural products are: acquisition of initial information of the quality state, mathematical proceeding of this information and decision making for object qualification to defined sets according to the state of quality. One of the steps in the second stage is transformation the patterns of qualified products to a new space of symptoms. In this paper an approach for transformation the initial description of the objects to a new space of spectral symptoms, independently of the size of the initial description of the object is presented. A relation for synthesis of symptoms for recognition has been generated.

The State and the Standard of Living.

1937 ◽  
Vol 47 (187) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
J. Henry Richardson ◽  
Gertrude Williams
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Standard Of Living

Ownership Structure and Dividend Policy in Listed Industrial and Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria: Heckman’s Two-Stage Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-308
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Block Holders

The decision on the magnitude of dividend has been identified to be highly related to the decisions to pay or not to pay dividends in formulating dividend policy. However, literature seems to be homogeneous and focused on examining the effect of ownership structure on dividend level or probability of paying dividends. Therefore, the paper examines the effect of ownership structure on dividend policy using Heckman’s two-stage technique. Utilizing 304 firm-year observations from industrial and consumer goods firms listed in the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period within 2009-2019, the result shows that in the first stage, only foreign ownership has a negative significant effect on the probability of paying dividends. However, after accounting for a possible correlation between the probability of paying dividends and dividend pay-out, the result on the second stage exhibits a significant negative effect with block-holders and foreign ownerships on dividend policy while institutional ownership reveals a positive significant effect. The overall results show that the lower the foreign ownership the higher the possibility of paying dividends. Also, higher dividend pay-out is associated with the lower level of block-holders and foreign ownerships coupled with higher institutional ownership in listed industrial and consumer goods firms in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Governance, Violence and the Challenge of Internal Security in Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Destiny Eze Agwanwo ◽  
Ibrahim Bello
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rivers State

Governance, the world over, has become the main framework for assessing the effective utilization of human and material resources for the development of a nation or an organization. This paper explores the link between governance failure, violence and its implication for internal security in Rivers State. The level of violence in the state is high and increasing particularly since 1999 when the nation returned to civil rule. Violence such as inter and intra communal conflicts, cult violence, armed robbery, kidnapping, political violence among others, now writ large in the state. The study utilized the qualitative and content analysis. The paper reveals that the pervasive nature of violence with negative effect on the internal security is the fall out of the failure of the governance in the state. The paper recommends, among other things that, good governance is a tool for empowering the people, which in turn, will reduce unemployment, poverty, marginalization and the recourse to violent aggression in the state.

scholarly journals Activities of Intelligence Services as a Synonymous of Fear and Intimidation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
MA. Fisnik Sadiku ◽  
MA. Besnik Lokaj
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Wide Range

Intelligence services are an important factor of national security. Their main role is to collect, process, analyze, and disseminate information on threats to the state and its population.Because of their “dark” activity, intelligence services for many ordinary citizens are synonymous of violence, fear and intimidation. This mostly comes out in theRepublicofKosovo, due to the murderous activities of the Serbian secret service in the past. Therefore, we will treat the work of intelligence services in democratic conditions, so that the reader can understand what is legitimate and legal of these services.In different countries of the world, security challenges continue to evolve and progress every day, and to fulfil these challenges, the state needs new ways of coordinating and developing the capability to shape the national security environment. However, the increase of intelligence in many countries has raised debates about legal and ethical issues regarding intelligence activities.Therefore, this paper will include a clear explanation of the term, meaning, process, transparency and secrecy, and the role that intelligence services have in analyzing potential threats to national security.The study is based on a wide range of print and electronic literature, including academic and scientific literature, and other documents of various intelligence agencies of developed countries.

scholarly journals Criteria, Indicators, and Factors of the Sustainable Energy-Saving Economic Development: The Case of Natural Gas Consumption

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5999
Author(s):  
Olexandr Yemelyanov ◽  
Anastasiya Symak ◽  
Tetyana Petrushka ◽  
Olena Vovk ◽  
Oksana Ivanytska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption

To solve the contradiction between achieving long-term economic growth and reducing the consumption of certain types of resources, the concept of sustainable resource saving economic development must be put into practice. The purpose of this research is to establish criteria, develop indicators, and identify factors of the sustainable energy-saving economic development, as well as to test the developed theoretical provisions using the example of natural gas consumption by different countries. To achieve this goal, various methods were used, including economic and mathematical modeling, time series analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis, and so on. The criteria were formalized, according to which a certain type of economic development can be attributed to energy saving both at the level of the state economy as a whole and at the level of individual industries and enterprises. It was established that the formalized criteria of the sustainable energy-saving economic development have the form of chains of inequalities, and their application makes it possible to identify the general conditions for ensuring this type of development. The main properties of energy-saving economic development were identified. They include the pace of this development, its potential, balance, permanence, and other characteristics. Indicators that can be used to quantify these characteristics were developed. The factors influencing the scale and time characteristics of sustainable energy-saving economic development at the level of the state economy and that of industries and individual enterprises, were systematized. The dynamics of natural gas consumption in different countries was analyzed. The reasons for the lack of energy-saving natural gas economic development in some countries were identified. A quantitative assessment of the properties of this type of economic development by country was conducted. The influence of some factors on the parameters of the sustainable energy-saving natural gas economic development of countries was analyzed. The existence of a negative effect of the rebound in the consumption of natural gas was established at certain intervals in some countries. The obtained results provide an opportunity to increase the degree of understanding of the complex patterns that underlie the sustainable energy-saving economic development of states, industries, and enterprises. These results can also be used in the development of government programs to stimulate energy conservation.

scholarly journals Mineralogical Code in Russian Color Names

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-65
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Griber
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Modern Russian

The results of a comprehensive study of color names derived from the names of colored stones in the system of color names of the modern Russian language are presented in the article. The research was conducted in 2018-2020 in two stages using the methods of content analysis and an online psycholinguistic experiment. At the first stage, the state of the semantic group of names of colored stones, potential objects-referents of color names, was assessed by analyzing four different groups of sources: specialized dictionaries of colored stones, dictionaries of color, individual author's dictionaries of color names and explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language. At the second stage, the state of the color terms formed from the names of colored stones in the active vocabulary of modern Russian speakers was investigated on the basis of data from an online psycholinguistic experiment, in which 2,457 people aged 16 to 95 took part. The results of a comparative analysis of the lists of colored stones-prototypes of color names in the passive and active dictionaries of the speakers of the modern Russian language are presented. The scope of denotation and the function of color names derived from the names of colored stones are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the derivative productivity of the names of referent objects of the studied class and the frequency of use of individual color names in the responses of Russian speakers with different socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, professional experience).

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE SHAPE OF WORKING SURFACE OF STRAIGHTENING ROLLERS OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL STRAIGHTENING MACHINES ON THE STATE OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN RAILWAY RAIL – SECOND STAGE OF RESEARCHES

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Symmetry Axis ◽  
The State ◽  
Roll Pass ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Working Surface ◽  
National Centre ◽  
Railway Rail

The paper presents the results of the second stage of work on the influence of the shape of straightening rollers on the state of residual stresses in rails, conducted as part of a project co-financed by the National Centre for Research and Development. The tests included numerical simulations of the rail straightening process using a new roll pass design of vertical and horizontal straightener rollers, determination of stress distribution maps in the rail after straightening in successive rollers of both straightening machines, as well as measurement of residual stresses in the rails after straightening operation in industrial conditions. The tests were carried out on R260 grade 60E1 rails. The reduction of tensile residual stresses in the centre of symmetry axis of the rail foot was obtained up to an average level of 32 MPa, i.e. by more than four times less in relation to the level achieved using traditional technology.

scholarly journals Influence of Biological Factors on the Strength of Static Rope Used by Firefighters in Rescue Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Michał Cecelski ◽  
Robert Piec ◽  
Barbara Szykuła-Piec
Keyword(s):  
Biological Agents ◽  
The State ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Document Review ◽  
The Impact

After conducting a document review, the authors found no reports concerning the influence of biological factors, such as blood, mould, and dirt, on the durability of rescue ropes. This study aims to answer the question of whether and how selected biological factors affect static rope 10.5, which is frequently used by firefighters for rescues. In the first stage of the research, focus studies were conducted among fifteen members of the Specialist High-Rescue Group in Plock (Poland), which aimed to determine the state of knowledge about the impact of biological factors on the strength of rope. The results indicated that the group had knowledge as to the impact of physical and chemical factors on the rope; however, a lack of information on the impact of biological factors was identified. In the second stage, the force necessary to break static rope contaminated with selected biological agents was measured. To achieve this, a 100-m section of a new rope was divided into 63 sections, which were then exposed to impurities. The first endurance measurement was taken after 9 months and the second after 12 months. Findings: contamination with biological agents has an impact on static rope strength, and knowledge about this impact is negligible and not included in any rope-use instructions.

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