PENILAIAN PERILAKU CUCI TANGAN, PENYIMPANGAN PERKEMBANGAN DAN DETEKSI STUNTING MENGGUNAKAN KARTU MENUJU SEHAT

HANDWASHING BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT, DEVELOPMENTAL DEVIATION AND STUNTING DETECTION USING CARD TOWARDS HEALTHY Background: School-age children are a critical age group because at that age they are prone to health problems related to personal hygiene such as diarrhea, toothache, skin diseases and so on. Apart from personal hygiene issues, one of the risks of health problems that can cause growth and development problems for Kindergarten-aged children is nutrition. It is important for child development deviations to be detected early so that it can be quickly corrected for subsequent age development. Anthropometrically, assessing the nutritional status of school-age children can use the weight and height. A tool for monitoring the development of nutritional status of kindergarten children is Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS). Every child who is measured for height can immediately know their nutritional status. This study looked at a description of hand washing behavior, developmental deviations and stunting detection in kindergarten children.Purpose To assess hand washing behavior, developmental deviation and stunting detection in kindergarten children through KMS monitoring.Methods: The type of research used in this research was descriptive research. The research method used was a survey with a cross sectional approach. A total of 29 kindergarten children were assessed for hand washing behavior using WHO guidelines and assessed for stunting status using KMS Dinding.Results: The results of the study were mostly boys (51.7%) with ages 2 - 4 years, which is 62.1%. The results of the practice of washing children's hands using hand washing guidelines from the WHO obtained data as much as 21 children (75%) had been implemented well (6 - 7 steps) and less well by 7.1%. Early detection of child deviations using the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire was 16 children (55.2%) according to development, but there were 9 children (31%) doubting results and 4 children (13.8%) likely to experience deviations. The results of measurements using KMS Dinding in kindergarten showed that there were 6.9% of children's measurement results in yellow, light green 86.2% and dark green of 6.9%. Conclusion: KMS Dinding can detect stunting in kindergarten children, there are children who may experience deviations and most children have washed their hands properly according to WHO guidelinesSuggestion provide motivation for students to get used to washing hands using soap in the school and home environment, in order to prevent diseases caused by dirty hands. The school is expected to continue to carry out early detection of children's growth and development so that improvements can be made immediately if a deviation is found in the child's growth and development Keywords: Hand Washing, Developmental Deviation, Nutritional Status ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Anak usia sekolah merupakan kelompok usia yang kritis karena pada usia tersebut rentan terkena masalah kesehatan terkait personal hygiene misalnya diare, sakit gigi, penyakit kulit dan sebagainya. Selain masalah personal hygiene, salah satu risiko masalah kesehatan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) adalah masalah gizi. Penyimpangan perkembangan anak penting untuk dideteksi secara dini agar dapat dengan cepat dilakukan koreksi terhadap perkembangan usia selanjutnya . Secara antropometri penilaian status gizi anak usia sekolah dapat menggunakan indeks Berat Badan (BB) dan Tinggi Badan (TB). Alat untuk memantau perkembangan status gizi anak TK adalah Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS). Setiap anak yang diukur TB dapat segera diketahui status gizinya. Penelitian ini melihat gambaran perilaku cuci tangan, penyimpangan perkembangan dan deteksi stunting pada anak taman kanak-kanak.Tujuan: Menilai perilaku cuci tangan, peyimpangan perkembangan dan deteksi stunting pada anak taman kanak-kanak melalui pemantauan KMS.Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif. Metode penelitian yang yang digunakan adalah survey dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sebanyak 29 anak TK dinilai perilaku cuci tangan menggunakan pedoman WHO dan dinilai status stunting menggunakan KMS Dinding.Hasil: Hasil penelitian sebagian besar yaitu anak berjenis kelamin laki-laki (51,7%) dengan usianya adalah usia 2 - 4 tahun yaitu sebesar 62,1%. Hasil praktik mencuci tangan anak dengan menggunakan pedoman cuci tangan dari WHO diperoleh data sebanyak 21 anak (75%) telah melaksanakan dengan baik (6 – 7 langkah) dan kurang baik sebesar 7,1%. Deteksi dini penyimpangan anak dengan menggunakan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP) sebanyak 16 anak (55,2%) sesuai dengan perkembangan, namun terdapat 9 anak (31%) meragukan dan 4 anak (13,8%) kemungkinan mengalami penyimpangan. Hasil pengukuran menggunakan KMS dinding pada sekolah TK menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sebesar 6,9% hasil pengukuran anak berada pada warna kuning, hijau muda 86,2% dan hijau tua sebesar 6,9%.Kesimpulan: KMS Dinding dapat mendeteksi terjadinya stunting pada anak TK, terdapat anak yang kemungkinan mengalami penyimpangan dan sebagian besar anak telah mencuci tangan dengan baik sesuai dengan pedoman WHOSaran memberikan motivasi pada siswa untuk membiasakan diri cuci tangan menggunakan sabun di lingkungan sekolah dan rumah, guna mencegah timbulnya penyakit yang disebabkan oleh tangan yang kotor. Pihak sekolah diharapkan terus dapat melakukan deteksi dini tumbuh kembang anak agar dapat segera dilakukan upaya perbaikan jika ditemukan kondisi penyimpangan pada tumbuh kembang anak Keywords: Cuci Tangan, Penyimpangan Perkembangan, Status Gizi

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Nutritional status and morbidity pattern in school age children in Nepal

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v8i2.6832 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 12-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N Bhandari ◽

GK Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

School Health ◽

Oral Care ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Indian Academy ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

School Age Children ◽

Survey Method ◽

School Age ◽

Cross Sectional

School Health has been regarded as a high priority intervention in developing countries. However it has not been prioritized in Nepal for many years. The objectives of the study are to find out the nutritional status and morbidity pattern in school age children. To arouse importance of personal hygiene and healthful surrounding through information, education and communication (IEC). This cross-sectional study was administered in two schools located in Bolde phedeche and Mahure of Kavrepalanchowk. From the selected schools, a total number of 160 students studying from Grade 1 to V were enumerated in the study using census survey method. Among 160 students, the most important three problems were pediculosis 42(26.2 %), dental caries 29(18.1%), and waxy ear 27(17.1 %). Thus the school health education should put more emphasis on oral care, nutrition, personal hygiene and others. Applying classification of Indian Academy of Pediatrics: based on weight for age, 36(55.3%) boys and 34(35.8%) girls fall under 1st degree malnutrition and 15(23.07%) boys and 44(46.3%) girls fall under IInd degree malnutrition, 7(7.2 %) girls fall under IIIrd degree malnutrition.The health and nutritional standards of school children in this study were found to be unsatisfactory. Among different morbidity pediculosis is found more in girls. The present study put more emphasis on the need for initiation of school health program in the school with more on improving personal hygiene, prevention of disease like parasitic infection/infestation and improvement of their nutritional status. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-2, 12-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i2.6832

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ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN BASED ON EATING HABITS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) ◽

10.29082/ijnms/2020/vol4/iss1/257 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51

Author(s):

Tri Peni ◽

Siti Indatul Laili ◽

Esti Dwi Jayanti ◽

Dwi Anggita Sari

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

School Children ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Elementary School Children ◽

The Body ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Eating Patterns

Dietary habit is behaviors that are appropriate for the selection of the right foods so that they will provide good nutritional status. Nutrients that consist of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and micro substances such as vitamins and minerals needed by the body for the process of growth and development. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between eating patterns with the nutritional status and cognitive abilities of elementary school children. Cross-Sectional research design. The population in this study were all students as many as 367 students, the sampling used was a Stratified random sampling technique, a sample of 192 respondents. Data analysis uses the Spearman Rank Rho statistical test. The results of the analysis of dietary variables with nutritional status were obtained ρ (0.003) <α (0.05), so H0 was rejected, meaning that there was a relationship between eating patterns and nutritional status of school-age children, with a value of r = 0.210 which showed a high positive correlation. The results of the analysis of nutritional status variables with cognitive abilities obtained results ρ = 0.00, <α = 0.05. meaning that there is a relationship between nutritional status and cognitive learning achievement in elementary school children. Normal nutritional status can be obtained by applying a positive diet so that the intake that enters the body in accordance with the needs of the body. Children who have normal nutritional status have good cognitive abilities. Parents are the most important support in optimizing children's growth and development

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PENGARUH TINGKAT KONSUMSI ENERGI, PROTEIN, LEMAK, DAN STATUS KECACINGAN TERHADAP STATUS GIZI PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 01 LIMPAKUWUS

Kesmas Indonesia ◽

10.20884/1.ki.2017.9.1.227 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Rendy Manuhutu ◽

Dyah Umiyarni Purnamasari ◽

Endo Dardjito

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Human Life ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Infection Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Approach ◽

Fat Consumption ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

School age is the important period of human life and the quality have to be prepared well. The school age children is susceptible to malnutrition. Malnutrition among school age children will implicatethe children�s development and further potential development in that age. Food consumption levels and worm infection status are the two most affected factors to nutritional status of children school. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of energy, protein, fat and worm inflectional status to the nutritional status of SDN 01 Limpakuwus�s student in Sumbang, Banyumas. This research was cross sectional study approach,used purposive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria in 44 respondents. Analysis conducted by univariate, bivariate (Spearman rank) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression).Multivariate analysis showed the variables that influenced nutritional status is the level of fat consumption (p=0.022), and the variable did not affect the nutritional status are the level of energy consumption (p=0.999), protein consumption level (p=0.580), and worm infection status (p = 0.661). The suggestion is to get more food that can fulfil the energy, protein, fat needs and make the canteen in the school becomes a healthy canteen that serves healthy and nutritious meal.

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Nutrition Intakes and Nutritional Status of School Age Children in Ghana

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v6n2p11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Justina Serwaah Owusu ◽

Esi Komeley Colecraft ◽

Richmond NO Aryeetey ◽

Joan Anne Vaccaro ◽

Fatma G. Huffman

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Private School ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Government School ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

School Feeding ◽

The Government

This paper compares nutrition intakes and nutritional status of school children from two public schools in neighbouring communities of Ghana with different school feeding programmes. One hundred and eighty-two caregiver and school-age child pairs were interviewed concerning socio-demographics, dietary practices, and food security in a cross-sectional design. The independent t-test was used to compare the contribution of the publicly funded Ghana School Feeding Programme and private School Feeding Programme meals to total daily nutrient intakes of the children. Predictors of nutritional status of the children were assessed using logistic regression models. The private school feeding programme contributed more energy, protein, and micronutrients as compared to the government school feeding programme. About two-thirds (67.0%) of the children were stunted, underweight, or anaemic. Child’s age was a significant predictor of stunting. Undernutrition was prevalent among children from both programmes. Improved quality of diet from the feeding programmes may contribute to addressing malnutrition in these children.

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Study on nutritional status of rural school children of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjpp.v30i1.20780 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Iffat Nowsin ◽

Nadia Begum ◽

Elias Bin Akbar ◽

Muhammad Mahbubul Alam

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

School Children ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Rural School ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

School Age Children ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

School Age ◽

The Mean

Background: School age is the active growing phase of childhood. It is a dynamic period of physical growth as well as of mental development of the child. Research indicates that health problems due to miserable nutritional status in primary school-age children are among the most common causes of low school enrolment, high absenteeism, early dropout and unsatisfactory classroom performance.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status among rural school children, in terms of the BMI, stunting and wasting among the children.Materials and methods: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among the school children of two secondary schools located in Savar upazilla during January-March 2013. From these selected schools, a total number of 340 students aged 5-14 yrs were enrolled in the study. First face to face interview was conducted with available students with the help of purposive sampling technique. Then anthropometric measurement such as Age (in years), Heights (in cms), and Weight (in kgs) of each child were taken to assess their nutritional status.Results: The mean height of the children was (136.9; SD±8.57cm) not comparable with CDC 2000 (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention) standard. Among 340 students, 81.8% of the students were found to be under nourished. Underweight, stunting and wasting were present in 38.8%, 55.9%, and 25.9% of school children respectively. Underweight was associated with lower household wealth (p < .005). The mean weight (27.18 Kg; SD± 6.78 Kg) was lower than CDC 2000 standards. Among underweight children girls (50.3%) were found to be higher than boys (28.73%). The students were more stunted (55.9%) than wasted (25.9%). Only 10.29% of the students were found to be both wasted and stunted.Conclusion: The study revealed that high percentage of rural school children was malnourished. The study result also revealed the urgent need for initiation of school health programme with specific emphasis on, improvement of nutritional status, personal hygiene and prevention of diseases with the collaboration of governmental and non-governmental institutions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpp.v30i1.20780 Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 30(1):6-10

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Analisis Pengetahuan Gizi, Status Gizi, dan Pola Konsumsi Pangan Siswa SD Islam 1 Al Azhar

JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI ◽

10.36722/sst.v6i1.500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Zakia Umami ◽

Andi Muh Asrul ◽

Amalina Ratih Puspa

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

School Age Children ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

School Age ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional

School-age children are a population who are at risk of health. According to the Riskesdas 2018, data for school-age children (5-12 years), the prevalence of underweight was 6,8%, obese 9,2%, and stunting was 16,9%. The purpose of this study was to analyze nutritional knowledge, nutritional status, and consumption patterns of students in SD Islam Al Azhar 1. The design of this study was a cross-sectional study conducted at Al Azhar 1 Islamic Elementary School, Jakarta from March to September 2019. Some students who were involved as respondents in this study were 55 people purposive sampling technique. The results showed that children with obesity were 43.3%, normal was 32.7%, overweight was 20%, and underweight was 3.6%. The number of children with good nutrition knowledge was 33 people (60%), adequate nutrition knowledge was 20 people (36,4%), and poor nutrition knowledge was 2 people (3,6%). Average vegetable consumption was 34.57 grams and is classified as less. While the average fruit consumption was 91.88 grams and is classified as adequate. Chi-Square test results showed no correlation between nutritional status with nutritional knowledge and no correlation between nutritional status with consumption of vegetable and fruit.Keyword – Child, Nutritional Knowledge, Consumption Pattern, Nutritional status

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Pola Asuh Orang Tua Sebagai Faktor Penentu Kualitas Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Dasar Personal Hygiene Anak Usia 6-12 Tahun

Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia ◽

10.21927/jnki.2014.2(2).86-92 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Umi Mardliyah ◽

Anafrin Yugistyowati ◽

Veriani Aprilia

Keyword(s):

School Health ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary School Age ◽

Parenting Pattern

Health problems that often occur in children of primary school age (6-12 years) are diseases associated with personal hygiene of the children. This study aimed to determine the relationship of parenting pattern with quality fulﬁ llment of basic personal hygiene needs of children aged 6-12 years in SDN Asem Little Kulon Progo Yogyakarta. This analytic observational used cross-sectional study design. Sampling was determined with simple random sampling technique and obtained 86 students as respondents. Analysis using test Kendal Tau (τ) showed no association between parenting pattern with quality fulﬁ llment of basic personal hygiene needs of children aged 6-12 years in SDN Asem Little Kulon Progo Yogyakarta (p<0.05). The results provide input for health services to improve health education to the community, especially school-age children about personal hygiene associated with the prevention of disease through School Health Unit (UKS).

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GAMBARAN TINGKAT ASUPAN GIZI ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 06 SALATIGA

Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada ◽

10.34035/jk.v10i1.335 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 94-101

Author(s):

Kristiawan P.A. Nugroho ◽

Theresia P.E. Sanubari ◽

Stephanie Rosalina

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Nutritional Intake ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Food Record ◽

School Students ◽

Recommended Dietary Allowances

Anak usia sekolah merupakan kelompok usia yang mengalami proses tumbuh kembang secara pesat, sehingga diperlukan asupan gizi yang adekuat dan sesuai untuk mendukung proses tersebut. Apabila anak tidak mendapatkan asupan gizi yang adekuat dan sesuai kebutuhan, maka dapat memicu masalah gangguan gizi dan risiko penyakit lainnya yang dapat berpengaruh buruk secara berkelanjutan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak hingga dewasa kelak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan asupan gizi anak usia sekolah di SD Negeri 06 Salatiga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data observasional, pengukuran IMT, dan food record. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa sekolah dasar kelas 4 – 5 yang dipilih secara acak (random sampling) dan mengisi kuesioner food record 3 hari berurutan secara lengkap. Aplikasi nutrisurvey dan WHO Anthro Plus digunakan untuk menganalisis data asupan gizi dan IMT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asupan gizi responden tergolong kurang dari AKG (Angka Kecukupan Gizi), yakni <80% , meskipun sebagian besar responden berstatus gizi normal. Makanan yang kerap dikonsumsi oleh responden adalah makanan dengan tinggi kalori dan tinggi gula. Kata kunci: anak usia sekolah, asupan gizi, angka kecukupan gizi, status gizi School-age children are an age group that is experiencing a rapid growth and development, so the adequate and appropriate nutritional intake is needed to support that process. If the child does not get the nutritional intake as they needed, it can trigger nutritional problems and the risk of the other diseases that can adversely affect the growth and development of children to adulthood later. The purpose of this study is to describe school-age children’s nutritional intake in 06 States Elementary School Salatiga. The method that used in this research was decriptive quantitative research method with observational data collection, BMI measurements and food record questionnaire. The subjects studied were elementary school students in grades 4-5 who were randomly selected and have Þ lled in a complete 3-day food record questionnaire. Nutrisurvey and WHO Anthro Plus software are used to analyzed nutritional intake data and BMI. This study shows that respondents’ nutritional intake was less than the supposed Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), which is <80%, even though their nutritional status were normal. Food that is frequently consumed by respondents is high-calorie and high-sugar food. Keywords: school-age children, nutritional intake, recommended dietary allowances, nutritional status

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Nutritional status and dietary diversity of school-age children living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15568/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Junko Yasuoka ◽

Siyan Yi ◽

Sumiyo Okawa ◽

Sovannary Tuot ◽

Makoto Murayama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Phnom Penh ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Past ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health concern for children. Each day, worldwide, approximately 440 children became newly infected with HIV, and 270 children died from AIDS-related causes in 2018. Poor nutrition has been associated with accelerated disease progression, and sufficient dietary diversity is considered a key to improve children’s nutritional status. Therefore, this study aims to 1) examine nutritional status of school-age children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and 2) identify factors associated with their nutritional status, especially taking their dietary diversity into consideration. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018 within the catchment area of the National Pediatric Hospital, Cambodia. Data from 298 children and their caregivers were included in the analyses. Using semi-structured questionnaires, face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, and dietary diversity. To assess children’s nutritional status, body weight and height were measured. Viral load and duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were collected from clinical records. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with stunting and wasting. Results: Of 298 children, nearly half (46.6%) were stunted, and 13.1% were wasted. The mean number of food groups consumed by the children in the past 24 hours was 4.6 out of 7 groups. Factors associated with children’s stunting were age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.166, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.151, 4.077), household wealth (AOR 0.543, 95%CI: 0.299, 0.986), duration of receiving ART (AOR 0.510, 95%CI: 0.267, 0.974), and having disease symptoms during the past one year (AOR 1.871, 95%CI: 1.005, 3.480). The only factor associated with wasting was being male (AOR 5.304, 95%CI: 2.210, 12.728). Conclusions: Prevalence of stunting was more than double that of non-infected school-age children living in urban areas in Cambodia. This highlights the importance of conducting nutritional intervention programs, especially tailored for children living with HIV in the country. Although dietary diversity was not significantly associated with children’s nutritional status in this study, the findings will contribute to implementing future nutritional interventions more efficiently by indicating children who are most in need of such interventions in Cambodia.

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Iodine Nutritional Status and Related Factors among Chinese School-Age Children in Three Different Areas: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1404

Author(s):

Xiaoyun Shan ◽

Changqing Liu ◽

Xiaoyan Luo ◽

Yan Zou ◽

Lichun Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

School Age Children ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

School Age ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional

We evaluated the iodine nutritional status and related factors among school-age children based on the 2016 National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Women; 3808 children from Hebei, Guangxi, and Zhejiang province were included in the study. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), body mass index (BMI), vitamin A (VA), and vitamin D (VD) were measured. The abnormal rate of UIC and TSH were assessed. Relationships between UIC/TSH and the possible factors were analyzed. The overall median UIC was 185.14 µg/L, and the median UIC of children aged 8–10 was 164.60 µg/L. Prevalence of iodine deficiency and excess was 13.84% and 14.36%, respectively, and 12.87% of children showed TSH excess. UIC, as well as the abnormal rates of iodine deficiency (ID) and TSH, were significantly different among the three provinces. The median UICs and excess rates increased with age, reaching 211.45 µg/L and 21.35% at age of 14~, while TSH showed the opposite trend. Overweight children tended to have lower UIC and higher TSH. Higher UIC and TSH were found in VA sufficient group (p < 0.01). Further, the VD deficient group had a higher TSH compared to the sufficient group (p < 0.01). Moreover, UI and TSH distribution was obviously different among different vitamin A/D status (p < 0.05). Although the median UIC of school-age children was optimal, there were pockets of inadequate and excessive UI in the three provinces. Compared to the national IDD monitoring results in 2014, the iodine nutritional status of children was greatly improved. Considerations of region, age, BMI, VA, or VD are needed in the future iodine evaluation and surveillance.

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