scholarly journals Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Daun Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon L.) dari Kota Langsa, Aceh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Irwan Saputra Harahap ◽  
Halimatussakdiah Halimatussakdiah ◽  
Ulil Amna
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Propionibacterium Acne

Telah dilakukan skrining fitokimia pada daun jeruk lemon. Jeruk lemon (Citrus limon L.) merupakan suatu tumbuhan yang sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat terutama bagian buahnya. Untuk mengetahui kandungan kimianya, maka dilakukanlah uji keberadaan senyawa metabolit sekunder di dalam ekstrak daun jeruk lemon (Citrus limon L.). Daun jeruk lemon memiliki kandungan limonen yang dapat digunakan dalam terapi anti kanker. Ekstrak daun jeruk lemon diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode maserasi. Setelah ekstrak kasar daun jeruk lemon diperoleh, maka diuji kandungan senyawa fitokimianya secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia yang dilakukan maka diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun jeruk lemon positif mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, dan tanin. Referensi : [1]       A. W. Nugroho, “Konservasi Kenekaragaman Hayati Melalui Tanaman Obat Dalam Hutan di Indonesia Dengan Teknologi Farmasi: Potensi dan Tantangan,” J. Sains dan Kesehat., vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 377–383, 2017. [2]       P. Setyaningrum, E. D., Kartika, R., Simanjuntak, “Uji Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Daun Akasia (Acacia auriculiformkis Benth),” Pros. Semin. Nas. Kim., pp. 94–96, 2017. [3]       M. Fitrah, “Identifikasi Ekstrak Daun Kopasanda (Chromolaena odorata Linn) Terhadap Sel Antiproliferasi Tikus Leukemia L1210,” Jf Fik Uinam, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 99–105, 2016. [4]       H. S. Indriani Y., Mulqie L., “Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Air Perasan Buah Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck) dan Madu Hutan Terhadap Propionibacterium acne,” Pros. Penelit. Sivitas Akad. Unisba (Kesehatan dan Farm., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 22–30, 2015. [5]       E. Ahmad, F. M. Y., Katja, D. G., Suryanto, “Uji Fitokimia Ekstrak Kulit Batang Chisocheton sp.(C.DC) Harms Yang Tumbuh di Gunung Soputan Sulawesi Utara,” J. Ilm. Farm., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 23–30, 2018. [6]       W. Krisnawan, A. H., Budiono, R., Sari, D. R., Salim, “Potensi Antioksidan Ekstrak Kulit dan Perasan Daging Buah Lemon (Citrus limon) Lokal dan Import,” Pros. Semin. Nas., pp. 30–34, 2017. [7]       P. Suja, D., G. Bupesh, N., Rajendiran, V., Mohan, P., Ramasamy, N. S.,Muthiah, A. A., Elizabeth, K., Meenakumari, K., “Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activities of Citrus Limon and Citrus Linensis Peel Extracts,” Int. J. Pharmacogn. Chinese Med., vol. 1, no. 2, p. 000108, 2017. [8]       M. H. Yang, J. S. Wang, J. G. Luo, X. B. Wang, and L. Y. Kong, “Tetranortriterpenoids from Chisocheton paniculatus,” J. Nat. Prod., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 36–43, 2009, doi: 10.1021/np900485t. [9]       Badan POM RI, “Pedoman Teknologi Formulasi Sediaan Berbasis Ekstrak.Volume 2. Jakarta: Direktorat Obat Asli Indonesia, Deputi Bidang Pengawas Obat Tradisional, Kosmetik dan Produk Komplemen,” vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 12–16, 2013. [10]     M. . T. Mayasari, U., Laoli, “Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Skrining Fitokimia Daun Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F.),” J. Ilmu Biol. dan Terap., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 7–13, 2018. [11]     A. Tuhuloula, L. Budiyarti, and E. N. Fitriana, “Karakterisasi Pektin dengan Memanfaatkan Limbah Kulit Pisang Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi,” Konversi, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 21–27, 2013, doi: 10.20527/k.v2i1.123. [12]     H. Halimatussakdiah, U. Amna, and P. Wahyuningsih, “Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Larvicidal Activity of Edible Fern (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.) Extract against Culex,” J. Nat., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 141–146, 2018, doi: 10.24815/jn.v0i0.11335. [13]    P. J. Puspita, M. Safithri, and N. P. Sugiharti, “Antibacterial Activities of Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Leaf Extracts,” Curr. Biochem., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1–10, 2019, doi: 10.29244/cb.5.3.1-10. [14]     S. Susilawati and N. C. Chotimah, “Difference of Weight Gain in Baby Mother Given Boiled Of Papaya Fruit,” J. Kesehat., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 34–39, 2019, doi: 10.25047/j-kes.v5i1.36. [15]     R. Nugrahani, Y. Andayani, and A. Hakim, “Skrining Fitokimia dari Ekstrak Buah Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L) dalam Sediaan Serbuk,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 96–103, 2016, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v2i1.38. [16]     M. H. Kemala, D., Hendiani, I., Satari, “Uji Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Manggis (Garciani mangostana L) Terhadap Streptococcus Sanguinis ATCC 10556,” Padjajaran J. Dent. Res. Students, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 2019. [17]     M. Syafrida, S. Darmanti, and M. Izzati, “Pengaruh Suhu Pengeringan Terhadap Kadar Air, Kadar Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun dan Umbi Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.),” Bioma  Berk. Ilm. Biol., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 44–50, 2018, doi: 10.14710/bioma.20.1.44-50. [18]     S. W. Azizah, Z., zulharmita., wati, “Skrining Fitokimia dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Daun Pre (Momordica charantia L.),” J. Farm. Higea, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 163–172, 2018. [19]     N. Hidayah, “Pemanfaatan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Tanaman (Tanin dan Saponin) dalam Mengurangi Emisi Metan Ternak Ruminansia,” J. Sain Peternak. Indones., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 89–98, 2016, doi: 10.31186/jspi.id.11.2.89-98. [20]     H. Nurjannati, M., Winarsi, H., dan Dwiyanti, “Efek Lama Perkecambahan Terhadap Sifat Sensori dari Kadar Protein Terlarut Susu Kecambah Kacang Merah (Sukarah) untuk Remaja Obesitas,” J. Gipas, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 27–42, 2018. [21]       Sarifudin, A., Wardatun, S., “Kajian Metode Pengeringan dan Metode Analisis Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Terhadap Kadar Tanin,” J. Online Mhs. Bid. Farm., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2015. [22]     S. Noer and R. D. Pratiwi, “Uji Kualitatif Fitokimia Daun Ruta Angustifola,” Fakt. Exacta, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 200–206, 2016.

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

scholarly journals Tristemma hirtumand Five Other Cameroonian Edible Plants with Weak or No Antibacterial Effects Modulate the Activities of Antibiotics against Gram-Negative Multidrug-Resistant Phenotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gaëlle S. Nguenang ◽  
Armelle T. Mbaveng ◽  
Aimé G. Fankam ◽  
Hermione T. Manekeng ◽  
Paul Nayim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Raphia Hookeri

In order to contribute to the fight against infectious diseases, thein vitroantibacterial activity and the antibiotic-potentiating effects ofTristemma hirtumand five other Cameroonian edible plants have been evaluated against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. The microdilution method was used to evaluate the bacterial susceptibility of the extracts and their combination to common antibiotics. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out according to standard methods. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, steroids, and polyphenols, including flavonoids in most of the tested extracts. The entire tested extracts showed moderate (512 μg/mL ≤ MIC ≤ 2048 μg/mL) to weak (MIC > 2048 μg/mL) antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. Furthermore, extracts of leaf ofTristemma hirtumand pericarpsofRaphia hookeri(at their MIC/2 and MIC/4) strongly potentiated the activities of all antibiotics used in the study, especially those of chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), kanamycin (KAN), and tetracycline (TET) against 70% (7/10) to 100% (10/10) of the tested MDR bacteria, with the modulating factors ranging from 2 to 128. The results of this study suggest that extracts from leaves ofTristemma hirtumand pericarps ofRaphia hookerican be sources of plant-derived products with antibiotic modifying activity.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Oral Acute Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Crinum giganteum (Gadalli) in Wister Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Elizabeth FB ◽  
Obikili E.N ◽  
Esom A. E ◽  
Anyanwu G.E
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity ◽  
Bioactive Agent

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Different parts of plants possess variable phytochemical compounds and LD<sub>50</sub>. <em>Crinum giganteum</em> (Gadalli) is one of the plants most commonly consumed in parts of Africa for its various medicinal values. Despite this popularity, the phytochemical screening and the toxicity of the leaf extracts were yet to be evaluated. This study was designed to identify    the bioactive agents and estimate the LD<sub>50</sub> for the aqueous leaf extract of gadalli. <strong>Method</strong>: Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. Each bioactive agent and the LD<sub>50</sub> were estimated by Arithmetic methods of Karber. <strong>Results: </strong>Phytochemical analysis revealed high presence of alkaloids,  saponins, and slight presence of glycosides while the oral LD<sub>50 </sub>was found to be 200 mg/kg. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The major active ingredients of<strong> </strong>aqueous leaf extract of gadalli are alkaloids and saponins. It is observed to be unsafe at 200mg/kg and above.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Phytochemicals, <em>Crinum Giganteum</em>, LD<sub>50</sub>, Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MILLINGTONIA HORTENSIS (L)

2017 ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Janaki A. ◽  
Kaleena P. K. ◽  
Elumalai D. ◽  
Hemalatha P. ◽  
Babu M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Objective: Millingtonia hortensis Linn (Bignoniaceae) is commonly known as cork tree and Akash neem. Aim of studies to determine the antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity.Methods: The antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts were measured by chemical analyses involving the assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and super oxide radical scavenging activity.Results: Phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) screening of methanol, chloroform, ethanol, petroleum ether, aqueous leaf extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, betacyanins, phenols and coumarins.Conclusion: The presence of these phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity support the use of this plant as an antibacterial agent against the group of micro organisms tested. 

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ROOT AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF LEUCAS ASPERA

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
VASUDHA K ◽  
ARCHANA D ◽  
MUTYALAMMA B ◽  
KISHORI B
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Leucas Aspera ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities from the roots and leaves of Leucas aspera. Methods: The phytochemical screening and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of root and leaf extracts were studied using standard methods. The disk diffusion method was performed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract, methanol extract and hexane extract of root and leaf against to selected bacterial and fungal strains. Antibiotics, streptomycin and nystatin were used as standards for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and scavenging of H2O2 free radicals. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts exhibited the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, steroids flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and phlobatannins. Leaf extracts exhibited effective antibacterial and antifungal activities compared with root extracts against all the tested bacteria and fungi. ME of the leaves exhibited highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (12.8±0.31 mm), followed by Bacillus subtilis (11.4±0.3 mm), Escherichia coli (9.8±0.21 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.3±0.29 mm). Leaf extracts of L. aspera showed effective scavenging activity compared with root extracts. ME of the leaves showed maximum scavenging activities of 38.39 and 36.85%, respectively, against DPPH and H2O2 free radicals with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 136.17 and 142.42 μg/ml. Conclusion: Phytochemical analysis and FTIR spectrum revealed that different plant secondary metabolites particularly alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids could be responsible for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of L. aspera leaf extracts.

Preliminary phytochemical screening, isolation and structural elucidation of chloroform leaf extracts of Maesa lanceolata

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemical constituents, isolate and elucidate the structure of chloroform extracts from the leaves of Maesa lanceolata. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract of Maesa lanceolata was done following standard procedures and the tests revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides and saponins in the crude extracts. The chloroform extract of the leaves of M. lanceolata led to the isolation of one compound, C1. Structure determination was accomplished by means of spectroscopic methods (IR, 13C and 1H NMR). According to the spectral data (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and DEPT), probably Myrsenene was identified which is reported for the first time from M. lanceolata.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial Activities and Toxicological Analysis of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.) Leaf Extracts

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
M. Umar ◽  
C. P. Nkemelu ◽  
M. R. Sagir ◽  
S. Y. Mohammed ◽  
G. K. Ajiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum

Aim: The phytochemical screening, antibacterial activities and in vivo toxicity of extracts of the leaves of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.) were investigated. Methods: All the analyses were carried out using standard scientific procedures using Soxhlet extraction, well-diffusion agar antimicrobial testing and in vivo acute toxicity testing. Results: The phytochemical analysis according to standard screening tests using conventional protocols revealed the presence of anthraquinone, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids, which were detected in methanol extract analyzed. But, flavonoids, glycosides, phlobatannins and steroids were not detected in the methanol extracts analyzed. While only flavonoids were detected in chloroform extract. All other phytochemicals were absent. The extract fractions generally exhibited slight antibacterial activities on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella Typhi and Escherichia coli. But, the extracts showed no effect against Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration of O. gratissimum was determined with S. aureus and B. cereus recording MICs at the lowest concentration (12.5 mg/mL) of the methanol and chloroform extracts used. While methanol and chloroform extracts were found to have recorded moderate activity S. Typhi and E. coli at the MIC of 50mg/mL. The methanol and chloroform extract recorded MBC of 50 mg/mL on B. subtilis and S. Typhi. However, Salmonella Typhi was inhibited at the concentration of 100 mg/mL of chloroform scent leaf extract. The MICs of C. albicans were not determined in the methanol and chloroform scent leaf extracts analyzed. The in vivo toxicity of O. gratissimum extracts against albino rats revealed that the plant extracts were found to exhibit mild toxicity at higher doses, but the overall remark showed that the plant extract was safe at various concentrations. Conclusions: The plant can be used in the treatment of various diseases caused by the test microbes, and the plant has less toxicity when administered orally.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. Stapf., Leaves

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Marcella Tari Joshua ◽  
Edna O. Nwachukwu ◽  
N. Boisa ◽  
Nsirim Nduka
Keyword(s):  
Fine Powder ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Aim: This study focused on the phytochemical screening of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts on the species Morus mesozygia linn. Study Design: This study was a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Plant Anatomy and Physiology Research Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt, between July, 2018 and November, 2018. Methodology: Morus mesozygia linn leaves were collected and washed with distilled water, air dried for seven days and milled into fine powder. Maceration method was use to extract the powdered leaf into a brownish paste using three different solvents; distilled water, ethanol and methanol. The different plant extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, tannins and anthraquinones. Quantitative phytochemical analysis was done using a Gas chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy machine. Results: Results showed that the powdered Morus mesozygia linn leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, tannins, but not anthraquinones. The methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts contained high amounts of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates and tannins, while the ethanolic extract also contained high amounts of the aforementioned phytochemicals in the same proportion, but had saponins in moderate amounts. The result of the GC-MS analysis showed that the three extracts contained complex compounds in varying amounts. Conclusion: Phytochemical screening test of Morus mesozygia has revealed the presence of the substances like alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, oils, phenolic compounds, tannins and some complex compounds discovered using GC-MS technique.

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