scholarly journals Does Trust Associate with Political Regime?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sára Khayouti ◽  
Hubert János Kiss ◽  
Dániel Horn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Paper Version ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Regional Location ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Robustness Check

Since trust correlates with economic development and in turn economic development associates with political regime, we conjecture that there may be a relationship between trust and political regime. Without looking for any casual inference, we investigate if trust aggregated on the country level correlates with the country's political regime. Specifically, we are interested whether trust correlates positively with the level of democracy in cross-sectional observations. We analyse data on trust from 76 countries using the Global Preference Survey and investigate the correlations with five separate democracy indices (Polity2, Economist Intelligence Unit’s Index of Democracy, Freedom House, MaxRange and Unified Democracy Score). We do not find any significant association, with or without taking into account other factors (e.g., regional location, economic development, geographic conditions, culture) as well. Trust does not correlate with cornerstones of democracy either, measured by five components of the EIU index. A robustness check using an alternative measure of trust from the World Values Survey reaches the same results. The present study supersedes the working paper version (Khayouti et al., 2020).

The Polarising Worlds of Welfare: Political Orientations, Macroeconomic Context, and Support for Redistribution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
RAJA NOUREDDINE ◽  
TIMOTHY B. GRAVELLE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution ◽  
Political Orientations

Abstract Public support for the welfare state – and the policies constituting it – has long been a topic of research. Previous research on support for redistribution has tended to focus on how either country-level characteristics (particularly those relating to the macro-economy such as levels of economic development or income inequality) or individual-level political factors (such as left-right political orientation and sociodemographic factors) shape support for redistribution. To date, empirical research has insufficiently tested how macroeconomic context and individual political orientations interact. Research has also obscured whether the effects of macroeconomic context hold cross-sectionally (across country contexts) or longitudinally (within countries over time). Drawing on data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), this article examines the cross-sectional (between-country) and longitudinal (within-country) interactive relationships involving economic development and income inequality (on one hand) and left–right political orientations (on the other) in shaping preferences for redistribution. Results indicate that there are larger left–right cleavages in attitudes in wealthier countries, more unequal countries, and countries where inequality is increasing. These findings challenge the dominant practice of focusing exclusively on additive effects of individual-level or country-level factors by showing the importance of paying attention to cross-level interactions.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With COVID-19-induced Deaths in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Fikresus Amahazion ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Health Related

Background: Although COVID-19 has been a global crisis, respecting no boundaries, the burden and number of cases have been much lower in numerous African countries than initially feared. The reason for considerable cross-country variability across the continent remains undiscovered. Accordingly, the present study investigated the potential country-level factors associated with the COVID-19 burden in Africa Materials & Methods: Guided by emerging empirical findings, the rapidly evolving literature, and relevant theoretical frameworks, a unique cross-sectional dataset comprising 54 African countries were constructed. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine critical factors associated with COVID-19 deaths in Africa. Results: The obtained data suggested that population density was negatively and significantly associated with COVID-19-induced deaths; however, the median age presented a positive, and significant association with COVID-19-related deaths. Other explored factors, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, global connectivity, DTP immunization coverage, the percentage of seats in parliament held by women, and political regime type demonstrated no significant relationship with COVID-19-related deaths. Conclusion: The global empirical analyses have indicated that an array of socio-economic, demographic, political, and health-related factors may be associated with COVID-19 burden; however, the present study indicated that population density and median age were associated with COVID-19-induced deaths in Africa.

scholarly journals Corporate debt maturity and economic development

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Álvarez-Botas ◽  
Víctor M. González-Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Debt Maturity ◽  
Corporate Debt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bank Concentration

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of economic development on the influence of country-level determinants on corporate debt maturity, bearing in mind firm size and the period of financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ panel data estimation with fixed effects to examine the role of economic development in influencing the relationship between country-level determinants on corporate debt maturity. The paper uses a sample of 30,727 listed firms, belonging to 39 countries, over the period 2005–2012. Findings Corporate debt maturity increases with the efficiency of the legal system and bank concentration and decreases with the weight of banks in the economy. However, the importance of these country determinants is greater in developing than in developed countries. The authors also show that firm size in developed and developing countries influences country determinants of corporate debt maturity. Finally, the results reveal that the financial crisis has affected the debt maturity of firms differently in developed and developing countries, with the effect of bank concentration lengthening debt maturity, this effect being more pronounced in developing countries. Practical implications The findings provide useful insights to guide policy decisions providing access to long-term financing, as corporate debt maturity depends on economic development, institutional environment, banking structure and firm size. Originality/value This study incorporates economic development in explaining the relationship between country-level determinants and corporate debt maturity.

Financial Access of Latin America and Caribbean Firms: What Are the Roles of Institutional, Financial, and Economic Development?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097265272110153
Author(s):  
Lan Khanh Chu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

This article examines the impact of institutional, financial, and economic development on firms’ access to finance in Latin America and Caribbean region. Based on firm- and country-level data from the World Bank databases, we employ an ordered logit model to understand the direct and moderating role of institutional, financial, and economic development in determining firms’ financial obstacles. The results show that older, larger, facing less competition and regulation burden, foreign owned, and affiliated firms report lower obstacles to finance. Second, better macro-fundamentals help to lessen the level of obstacles substantially. Third, the role of institutions in promoting firms’ inclusive finance is quite different to the role of financial development and economic growth. JEL classification: E02; G10; O16; P48

Social Capital and Self-Perceived Health in Lone Mothers: A Multilevel Cross-Sectional Study across Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2199416
Author(s):  
Sara Trujillo-Alemán ◽  
Åsa Tjulin ◽  
Glòria Pérez ◽  
Emma Hagqvist
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Lone Mothers

This study aimed to explore the distribution of social capital and its relation to self-perceived health in lone mothers across Europe. Data were drawn from the European Social Survey Round 5. The sample was restricted to women (15–64 years), not cohabiting with a partner, and with children (≤ 18 years) living in the household. Social capital was measured using variables, representing both structural (political engagement, social support, and social activity) and cognitive (generalized trust, institutionalized trust, reciprocity, and a feeling of safety) components. Individual-level measurements: age, educational attainment, employment status, income level, and household economy. Country-level measurements: family policy model and collective social capital. A multilevel analysis was conducted. The results revealed cross-country variance in the level of lone mothers’ social capital. After adjustment for individual-level and country-level measurements, only reciprocity and a feeling of safety were related to good self-perceived health among lone mothers in Europe.

scholarly journals The Digestive Health among Participants of the Woodstock Rock Festival in Poland—A Cross-Sectional Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka ◽  
Ewa Stachowska ◽  
Dominika Maciejewska ◽  
Karina Ryterska ◽  
Joanna Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paper Version ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints

Alterations of gut microbiota, intestinal barrier and the gut-brain axis may be involved in pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of digestive tract symptoms and identify common variables potentially disrupting the gut-brain axis among participants of the Woodstock Festival Poland, 2017. In total 428 people filled in a questionnaire assessing health of their digestive tract. The investigator collected answers on an electronic device, while the study participant responded using a paper version of the same questionnaire. Liver and gallbladder related symptoms were the most prevalent among our study group (n = 266, 62%), however symptoms related to altered intestinal permeability were found to be the most intensive complaints. In females the intensity of gastrointestinal complaints was higher compared to men (p < 0.05), as well as the incidence of factors with the potential to alter gut-brain axis (p < 0.0001). Chronic psychological distress, intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics, were the most common associations with gastrointestinal symptoms, which were the most prevalent in females. Further attention should be focused on stress as one of the main factors negatively influencing public health.

scholarly journals Foreign Investment and Export Management and Analysis - Kosovo Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Halil Bajrami ◽  
Bashkim Bellaqa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Made In

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has a special and specific importance for the Republic of Kosovo taking into account the conditions and economic development, which in turn impact the economic development and social improvement of the country. For the state to have a greater absorption of FDI, significant improvement should be made in improving the management capacity in order to create a motivating environment for foreign investment, which is related to the improvement of macro-factors and microfactors at the country level in order to make the environment as attractive as possible for FDI. The purpose of this paper is to present the trend of FDI, the trend of export with a keen eye on Kosovo and to present the correlation of FDI with export. Firstly, at the beginning of this paper, a theoretical review of the literature on definitions of FDI in economic terms and definitions of export is presented. Secondly, the trend and comparison of FDI and exports over the years is presented. Thirdly, FDI trends in Kosovo were analyzed by the country of origin of these investments, etc. Fourthly, in the context of this paper, an analysis in terms of investment management at the country level in order to create an attractive investment environment was made. Fifthly, as part of this paper, empirical analyzes showing the correlations between FDI and Export in the Kosovo case have been made. FDI trends in Kosovo have been decreasing over the years, which must be improved by creating a motivating environment for both domestic and foreign investors. 

scholarly journals Determinants of the Adoption of Integrated Reports: An International Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Md. Jahidur Rahman ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
Rashedul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Investor Protection ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Reporting Decisions ◽  
Low Levels

This study examines the determinants of companies’ reporting decisions. We employ three measures at the country-level: (1) investor protection, (2) trade union density, and (3) economic development. Regression model analysis was used to measure whether companies used integrated reports (IR) or traditional sustainable reports. Using sample data from Fortune Global 300 for the year 2017, which is the latest available data, this paper follows logistic regression models. The study finds out that the probabilities of publication of IR are high in countries with high trade union density, weak investor protection, and low levels of economic development. These results help companies and managers to better cope with current business environments.

scholarly journals Revisiting Loneliness: Individual and Country-Level Changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Deborah Morgan ◽  
Lena Dahlberg ◽  
Charles Waldegrave ◽  
Sarmitė Mikulionienė ◽  
Gražina Rapolienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Partnership Status ◽  
Micro Level

AbstractThe links between loneliness and overall morbidity and mortality are well known, and this has profound implications for quality of life and health and welfare budgets. Most studies have been cross-sectional allowing for conclusions on correlates of loneliness, but more recently, some longitudinal studies have revealed also micro-level predictors of loneliness. Since the majority of studies focused on one country, conclusions on macro-level drivers of loneliness are scarce. This chapter examines the impact of micro- and macro-level drivers of loneliness and loneliness change in 11 European countries. The chapter draws on longitudinal data from 2013 and 2015 from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), combined with macro-level data from additional sources. The multivariable analysis revealed the persistence of loneliness over time, which is a challenge for service providers and policy makers. Based on this cross-national and longitudinal study we observed that micro-level drivers known from previous research (such as gender, health and partnership status, frequency of contact with children), and changes therein had more impact on loneliness and change therein than macro-level drivers such as risk of poverty, risk of social deprivation, level of safety in the neighbourhood.

scholarly journals Influence of Tourism on Economic Development in Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Wen-Chuan FU ◽  
◽  
Chia-Jui PENG ◽  
Tzu-Yi YANG ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rate Fluctuation ◽  
National Economic ◽  
International Entry ◽  
The Relationship

Although the tourism industry has recorded the lowest pollution, it significantly contributes to the global economy. Therefore, many countries have spent great efforts in promoting their tourism industry to support their entire economic development. This article considers factors related to the relationship between national economic growth and international entry tourism for 11 Asian countries to investigate the existence of the cross-sectional difference between these countries. Results show that exchange rate fluctuation is an alternative factor affecting economic growth risk, and common slope exists between countries. Moreover, international entry tourist headcount and income show differential slope in some countries, implying that these factors affect the economies of different Asian countries differently.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document