scholarly journals Defluoridation of Groundwater Using Formaldehyde-Treated Agricultural Waste - Wheat, Oats, And Pea Straw

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Homogeneous Surface ◽  
Dose Time ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Experimental Findings

The present study investigates the potential of acid-treated agricultural waste (Wheat, Oat, and Pea straw) for the defluoridation of groundwater following the chemical treatment using formaldehyde in 1:5 w/v ratio at 50℃. The effects of operational parameters (pH, dose, time, and initial fluoride concentration) were investigated in the batch mode. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to predicted and validated the experimental findings. The efficiency of developed adsorbents was compared with commercially available activated carbon (CAC) and found suitable for working at neutral pH conditions. The better applicability of Langmuir isotherm on adsorption data reflects monolayer adsorption over the homogeneous surface of adsorbents. Further, the experimental data can better be modeled by the pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.996). The simple synthesis technique and massive raw material availability made these adsorbents a promising and cost-effective tecnhiqe for removing the fluoride from groundwater.

scholarly journals Batch adsorption studies for ketoprofen removal via Dillenia Indica peel activated carbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 920 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
F Fadzail ◽  
M Hasan ◽  
Z Mokhtar ◽  
N Ibrahim ◽  
O S An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Dillenia Indica ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract Removal of ketoprofen using Dillenia Indica peel activated carbon was investigated using batch adsorption at a laboratory scale. Chemical activation method with the aid of phosphoric acid was utilised in preparing the activated carbon. The adsorption experiments were evaluated using various factors which, are initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and pH of ketoprofen. The optimum condition was determined to be at pH 6 and adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g with a most KTP uptake of 8.354 mg/g. The experimental findings showed that adsorption is favorable at lower pH. Isotherm studies were conducted and the data indicated that Langmuir isotherm was well fitted to the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order model was more preferable in simulating the kinetic process. In essence, Dillenia Indica peel activated carbon was proven as being a favourable adsorbent for the uptake of ketoprofen in batch mode.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND POTENTIAL SUITABILITY OF SIMAROUBA GLAUCA SEED SHELL LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS AS ADSORBENT OF BASIC DYES FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 705-722
Author(s):  
JEYAGOWRI BALAKRISHNAN ◽  
YAMUNA RANGAIYA THIAGARAJAN
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Cationic Dyes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Simarouba Glauca ◽  
Shell Powder

The present study investigates the potential of Simarouba glauca seed shell powder as a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of the cationic dyes Malachite green (MG), Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and elemental (CHNS) analyses. Batch mode adsorption studies were carried out varying the experimental conditions, such as initial dye concentration and contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and particle size, in order to assess the adsorbent capacity for the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater. The experimental data were analysed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. The data fitted well the Langmuir model for the dyes studied. Kinetic data were analysed using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion and Boyd models. The experimental results showed that the pseudo-second order model fitted well.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Crystal Violet onto an Agricultural Waste Residue: Kinetics, Isotherm, Thermodynamics, and Mechanism of Adsorption

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilyasse Loulidi ◽  
Fatima Boukhlifi ◽  
Mbarka Ouchabi ◽  
Abdelouahed Amar ◽  
Maria Jabri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Almond Shell ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Crystal Violet Dye ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

Agricultural waste can be exploited for the adsorption of dyes, due to their low cost, availability, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. In this study, we were interested in the elimination of crystal violet dye, from aqueous solutions, by adsorption on almond shell-based material, as a low-cost and ecofriendly adsorbent. The almond shells were first analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction; then, the influence of adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration time, and pH were studied to assess adsorption capacity under optimal experimental conditions. Experimental results indicate that almond shell adsorbent removes about 83% of the dye from the solutions at room temperature and in batch mode; the kinetic study showed that the equilibrium time is about 90 min, and the model of pseudo-second order could very well describe adsorption kinetics. The modulation of adsorption isotherms showed that retention follows the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study has shown that the adsorption is endothermic (ΔH° > 0) and spontaneous (ΔG° < 0).

Removal of Cadmium(II) and Lead(II) from Water by Chemically Treated Citrullus lanatus Peels as Biosorbent in Cost Effective Way

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 182-192
Author(s):  
Shoomaila Latif ◽  
Rabia Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Sadiq Hussain ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sorption Mechanism ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Bulk Scale ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Metal Ions Removal

This study presents the use of Citrullus lanatus peels for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) using batch mode. Their chemically modified acid and base treated forms were utilized for biosorption studies by optimizing all parameters. Results indicated that base modified Citrullus lanatus peels were more effective for removal of these metal ions. Removal efficiency for cadmium and lead was found to be 92.32-94.1 % and 91.94-92.58 %, respectively. Isothermal and thermodynamic investigations were carried out to find sorption mechanism and their suitability to use on bulk scale. Promising sorption capacity values for Cd(II) 19.310 mg/g and Pb(II) 25.775 mg/g, along with pseudo-second order mode and exothermic thermodynamic nature; all these favour their use for industrial scale water treatment.

UTILIZATION OF DURIAN PEEL AS POTENTIAL ADSORBENT FOR BISPHENOL A REMOVAL IN AQUOEUS SOLUTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Mat Lazim ◽  
Tony Hadibarata ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Puteh ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop ◽  
Riry Wirasnita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Order Type ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Solution Kinetic

This study explored the low-cost adsorbent of durian peel for BPA removal from aqueous solutions. The effect of various operational parameters such as contact time, temperature, concentration, agitation and pH on the adsorption of BPA was investigated using the batch adsorption study. It was found that Durian peel can be used as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of BPA in aqueous solution after treated with sulfuric acid. The effects of morphology, functional groups, and surface area of adsorbent, before and after pretreatment with sulfuric acid and reaction were investigated by using FESEM, FTIR, and BET. The present study indicates that durian peel had removed 69.63% of BPA with adsorption capacity of 4.178 mg/g for 24 hours. The result proved that this treated agricultural waste was promising material as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of BPA from aqueous solution. Kinetic study of the results gave a pseudo-second order type of mechanism while the adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

scholarly journals Conversion of coconut waste into cost effective adsorbent for Cu(II) and Ni(II) removal from aqueous solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 200250-0
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Abdul Rahim ◽  
Iswarya ◽  
Khairiraihanna Johari ◽  
Nasir Shehzad ◽  
Norasikin Saman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Desiccated coconut waste (DCW) is an agricultural waste that originates from the coconut milk processing industry. In this study, it was utilized for the removal of copper (Cu(II)) and nickel (Ni(II)) via adsorption process. The physicochemical characterization of the DCW adsorbent shows that the adsorbent have a surface area of 6.63 m<sup>2</sup>/g, have high elemental carbon content and existences of important functional groups on its surface. The adsorptive capability of DCW adsorbent in removing the heavy metal were conducted in batch studies. DCW adsorbent performed highest Ni(II) and Cu(II) adsorption capacity at pH 6, where equilibrium is achieved at 450 minutes. The kinetic analysis showed the adsorption agreed with pseudo-second order kinetic model, indicating the Cu(II) and Ni(II) adsorption were a chemical adsorption, limited by the film diffusion. The DCW adsorbent still retained its effective adsorption capacity after 2 adsorption-desorption cycles, which is one of the excellent criteria of a good adsorbent for an adsorption process.

scholarly journals Equilibrium and kinetic studies of acid dye adsorption on palm oil empty fruit bunch

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norini Tahir ◽  
Zaiton Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Palm oil empty fruit bunch (POEFB), an agricultural waste, used as low-cost adsorbent for removal Acid Orange 51 (AO51) dye from aqueous solutions was studied. Batch mode experiments were carried out at room temperature (28 ± 2) °C to study the effects of contact time and initial dye concentrations (10-200 mg/L). The equilibrium adsorption data of AO51 dye on empty fruit bunch were analyzed by three isotherms, namely the Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm and Temkin isotherm model. The result indicated that the equilibrium sorption fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm, displaying higher regression coefficient, R2value. The monolayer adsorption capacity of POEFB was found to be 166.67 mg/g. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations have been analyzed using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. It was shown that pseudo-second-order kinetic model could best describe the adsorption kinetics.

scholarly journals Carbon Modified Pumice as a New Adsorbent for the Rapid Removal of Fluoride Ions From Aqueous Phase

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Ghorban Asgari ◽  
Afsaneh Rafizadeh ◽  
Maryam Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
Fluoride Adsorption ◽  
Solvent Phase ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Rapid Removal

Carbon modified pumice (CP) was successfully synthesized for the rapid removal of fluoride ions from the solvent phase. The batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of several operational parameters including carbon content, solution pH, initial fluoride concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature on the CP efficiency in fluoride adsorption. The surface morphology, as well as the structural and functional groups of the synthesized CP were evaluated using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic data were found to be in good agreement with the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Finally, the negative value of ΔG° revealed the spontaneous nature of the fluoride adsorption onto the CP adsorbent.

Urban pollution control strategy: SBR technology to treat agricultural waste from pig farm in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Number Of Customers

Reduction of food rations and shortages is one of the impacts of the increasing human population. Food sector industries then try to cope with the fast growing number of customers. Agribusiness sector gains its popularity in these recent years, including pig farm. The increase trend of animal farming industry is likely to bring increasing pollution problem unless effective treatment methods are used. The main problems related to the pig farm include odor nuisance and pig manure disposal. The existing land application of piggery wastewater is the traditional way to discharge the wastewater. This may yield in land and water contamination, due to the accumulation of unused nutrients by crop plant. A case study of a large commercial pig farm from Australia is proposed to apply in smaller scale in Indonesia. Operational strategies for the small-scale SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) treating piggery effluent were developed based on lab-scale experiments. Due to SBR characteristics, which are money-saving and space-saving, it is very suitable to be applied in urban area. An economic evaluation was made of various process options. The cost estimation showed that SBR is a cost effective process, allowing operational batches to be adjusted to reduce unnecessary aeration cost. A reduction in the aeration cost was achieved by shortening the batch time from 24-h to 8-h. A comparison of three different SBR options showed that smaller size reactors could be more flexible and cost effective when compared with the larger ones.

Teknologi Esktrasi dan Cara Pemisahannya untuk Mendapatkan Kembali Karotenoid dari Minyak Sawit : Suatu Tinjauan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Agus Sudibyo ◽  
Sardjono Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Molecular Product ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Selection Of

Crude palm oil (CPO)is the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (pro-vitamin A) equivalent, whereas palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated from palm oil industry that contains oil and carotenes that used to be treated before discharge. Carotenoids are importance in animals and humans for the purpose of the enhancement of immune response, conversion of vitamin A and scavenging of oxygen radicals. This component has different nutritional  functions and benefits to humaan health. The growing interest in the other natural sources of beta-carotene and growing awareness to prevent pollution has stimulated the industrial use of CPO and POME as a raw material for carotenoids extraction. Various technologies of extraction and separation have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids.This article reports on various technologies that have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids from being destroyed in commercial refining of palm oil and effects of some various treatments on the extraction end separation for carotenoid from palm oil and carotenoids concentration. Principally, there are different technologies, and there is one some future which is the use of solvent. Solvent plays important role  in the most technologiest, however the problem of solvents which are used is that they posses potentiaal fire health and environmental hazards. Hence selection of the  most safe, environmentally friendly and cost effective solvent is important to design of alternative extraction methods.Chemical molecular product design is one of the methods that are becoming more popular nowadays for finding solvent with the desired properties prior to experimental testing.ABSTRAKMinyak sawit kasar merupakan sumber karotenoid terkaya yang berasal dari tanaman sawit sebagai senyawa yang sama dengan retinol atau pro-vitamin A; sedangkan limbah pengolahan minyak sawit dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak sawit yang berisi minyak dan karotene yang perlu diberi perlakuan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang. Karotenoid merupakan bahan penting yang diperlukan pada hewan dan manusia guna memperkuat tanggapan terhadap kekebalan, konversi ke vitamin A dan penangkapan gugus oksigen radikal. Dengan berkembangnya ketertarikan dalam mencari beta-karotene yang bersumber dari alam lain dan meningkatnya kesadaran untuk mencegah adanya pencemaran lingkungan, maka mendorong suatu industri untuk menggunakan CPO dan POME sebagai bahan baku untuk diekstrak karotenoidnya. Berbagai macam teknologi guna mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid telah dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan kembali karotenoidnya. Makalah ini melaporkan dan membahas berbagai jenis teknologi yang telah dikembangkan guna mendapatkan kembali senyawa karotenoid dari kerusakan di dalam proses pemurnian minyak sawit secara komersial dan pengaruh beberapa perlakuan terhadap ekstrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid dari minyak sawit dan konsentrasi karotenoidnya. Pada prinsipnya, berbagai teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid terdapat perbedaan, dan terdapat salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk esktrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid adalah menggunakan bahan pelarut. Pelarut yang digunakan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam teknologi ekstrasi; namun pelarut yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak tersebut mempunyai persoalan karena berpotensi mengganggu kesehatan dan membahayakan cemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan jenis teknologi yang aman, ramah terhadap lingkungan dan biaya yang efektif untuk penggunaan pelarut merupakan hal penting sebelum dilakukan desain metode/teknologi alternatif untuk esktrasi karotenoid. Pola produk molekuler kimia merupakan salah satu metode yang saat ini menjadi lebih populer untuk mencari pelarut dengan sifat-sifat yang dikehendaki sebelum diujicobakan. Kata kunci :    karotenoid, ekstrasi, pemisahan, teknologi, minyak sawit kasar, limbah industri pengolahan sawit.

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