scholarly journals Measuring Efficiency in Rationalizing the Allocation of Available Resources and the Efficiency of Logistic Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Robert Dmuchowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Logistics Management ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Available Resources

Enterprises must introduce various changes in their activities, for the purposes they pursue, structures and processes. Business adapts to the external environment that imposes restrictions, forces specific actions aimed at more rational use of resources. Business entities implement innovative ideas in the field of creating new products, manufacturing processes, organizational changes, improving the quality and efficiency of production or services. All these activities are extremely costly, but at the same time necessary for development or survival in a competitive market. Organizations in which the main management strategy is the concept of logistics management, in their activities focus on the improvement of logistics processes in such a way that the unit logistic costs are as low as possible. Measurement of the effectiveness of activities undertaken by economic entities is a standard procedure that allows for a rational allocation of available resources. High efficiency of activities justifies their further intensification, while low efficiency is a warning signal indicating their reduction or even discontinuation. The purpose of the article is to present the logistics system efficiency indicators that can be used to assess the benefits achieved by organizational entities as a result of optimizing logistics processes. The starting point for the considerations of the presented study is the assumption that the concept of logistics management is the main strategy of the company, and the optimization of logistics processes in the entire supply chain brings economic benefits – greater profitability of projects, and image benefits – better quality of products and services provided. The basic scientific inquiry, not only for the purposes of this thesis, but also the knowledge necessary for managers, is the measurement of this effectiveness.

scholarly journals Development of strategy for development of machine-building enterprises of Kharkiv region

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Building Enterprises

The article determines that the machine-building enterprises of the Kharkiv region, which in recent years have undergone structural changes, have been affected by the development of information technology at enterprises, dramatically changing the conditions of enterprises. This forces enterprises to look for effective development strategies aimed not only at implementing their social functions, but also at increasing the degree of their independence and economic independence. Despite the significant scientific achievements of strategy theory and modeling of management processes, it should be noted that some of their important aspects remain underdeveloped. Thus, most theories of strategy go beyond its understanding as a means of maintaining competitive advantage, leaving uncertain questions about the activities of the monopolist. Accordingly, there is no holistic scientific concept of the strategy of development of machine-building enterprises. Kharkiv region is one of the leaders in domestic machine building, Kharkiv region enterprises account for 11.5% of the volume of machine building products of Ukraine, which brought the region to the 2nd position among the regions (after Zaporizhia region). In January-November 2020, machine-building enterprises sold products worth UAH 17.4 billion, which is 11.2% of industrial sales. With this in mind, state-owned machine-building enterprises will have to build their own management strategy taking into account the modern requirements of socio-economic development. It is believed that the underdeveloped system of corporate governance is one of the main reasons for the low efficiency of public entities. Defects in corporate governance lead to: - distortion of information due to the low level of transparency of business entities; - the emergence of a conflict of interest of management and the subjects of management of state property, due to the non-transparent process of appointment of management and inefficient remuneration system; - Lack of corporate governance structures such as supervisory boards and independent directors, who should effectively supervise the activities of business entities; - inconsistencies between the goals set for business entities and the lack of a clear distinction between commercial and non-commercial (socio-political) functions of business entities. This fully applies to state-owned machine-building enterprises. After all, in modern conditions, these enterprises function as government units. In the conditions of transformation of the domestic market of the machine-building enterprises the use of resources uniting the software of foreign manufacturers with domestic becomes important. Therefore, the formation of enterprise development strategy is inextricably linked with modeling the behavior of certain models with specified parameters for further effective operation of the system as a whole.

Agrarian receipts as a tool for the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agrarian business of the region

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Yuliia Nehoda
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Business Entities

The subject of the research – is a set of organizational-economic relations arising in the process of structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business. The purpose of the article is a retrospective analysis of structural transformations of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business, evaluation of the effectiveness and feasibility of the introduction of agricultural receipts as a new instrument of lending to the agricultural business of the regions. Methodology of work – system-structural and comparative analyzes (to determine the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agricultural receipts of the farmers of the region); monographic (when studying the problems of the functioning of the mechanism of lending to agrarians by agrarian receipts) economic analysis (when carrying out a comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts); modeling and forecasting (when determining ways to overcome the existing deficiencies in the mechanism of lending to agrarian business entities of the region according to agrarian receipts). The results of the work – a retrospective analysis of the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business was carried out. The mechanism of crediting agrarians according to agrarian receipts and the scale of its distribution in the agrarian business of the region are considered. A comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts was carried out. In the framework of the pilot project “Agrarian receipts in Ukraine” of the international financial corporation (IFC) in partnership with the Swiss Confederation in Ukraine, the example of the Poltava region defined the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agrarian receipts of the agrarians of the region. The advantages and disadvantages of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business on agrarian receipts are noted. The ways to overcome the existing shortcomings of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business of the region according to agricultural receipts are determined. Conclusions – according to the results of the conducted research, the effectiveness of the mechanism of lending to the agricultural business of the regions according to agricultural receipts was proved, its advantages and disadvantages were noted, and attention was also focused. Proposed in Art. 7 of Law No. 5479-VI clearly delineate cases and restrictions on the debtor’s reimbursement of expenses incurred by the lender with the acquisition of the right to grow and harvest the pledged crop of agricultural products, which will ensure the principle of equality of parties on economic benefits and distribution of credit risks according to agricultural receipts.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRADE ENTERPRISE SUBJECTS LOGISTICS SYSTEM AND ITS UTENSIC-CRITERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-93
Author(s):  
Nataliia MITSENKO ◽  
Igor MISHCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Logistics Management ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Commodity Flows ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Business Entities

The main purpose of the publication is the development of theoretical approaches, systematization of the results of analysis and definition of measures for the formation of logistic systems of trade enterpreneurship subjects (trade enterprises), which belong to the small business sector. The peculiarities of formation were identified and the problematic aspects of the modern stage of entrepreneurship development in Ukraine were identified. The existence of the logistic component in the general complex of the conduct of trading activity by the entrepreneurship subjects is determined. The essence and ratio of concepts «system of logistic» and «logistics system» of the enterprise are determined. The objective of the logistics system organization as a complex, economic and technical and technological system covering the logistics system of the enterprise is emphasized), personnel of the management services of the enterprise logistic activity, as well as legal, organizational,managerial and methodical principles of all these elements interaction of the system and its management, formed on the basis of the scientific and theoretical basis (theory) of logistics management. The peculiarities of the functioning of small business entities in Ukraine and the averaged parameters of commodity flows in this sector of economy are investigated, factors of logistic flows organization specificity formation in the retail segment, which influence the requirements for the creation and operation of trade enterprises logistic systems and the choice of approaches to them, are determined. The attention is drawn to the need to consider as the main factor in the formation of the trade complex system of logistic of operational and functional processes of logistics activities, which are carried out by a trading company in order to bring commodity flows to end buyers of goods. The necessity of determining the structure of the logistics system of the trading company is focused on taking into account the resources available from the dealer in order to create opportunities for organizational, economic, technical and technological interaction with other supply chain participants in which the given enterprise is involved, and simultaneously ensuring compliance of the goods sold with the requirements end buyers. The key directions of logistic activity improvement of enterprises of trade – subjects of small (and micro) entrepreneurship, which are connected with technical and technological and infrastructure improvements within the enterprise logistics system, introduction of modern management technologies in the logistics management subsystem and logistics administration, are grounded, as well as the use of outsourcing capabilities of logistics functions and operations and the use of modern communication tools for the radical change of trade technologies , which will be reflected in the requirements for organizing a complex of logistics activities of retailers and, accordingly, logistic systems created by them. The purpose of the research is to develop theoretical approaches, to systematize the results of the analysis of the essential characteristics and the composition of the trade company system of logistics, and to identify the main measures for the formation of the system of logistics of the subjects of trade enterprise (trade enterprises), which belong to the small business sector. Object of research – subjects of trade enterprise – trade enterprises, which belong to the small business sector. The subject of the study is theoretical and methodological principles of logistic activity organization and conceptual approaches to the construction of logistic formations in the conditions of integration processes. In accordance with the goal formulated, the main objectives of the study: • on the basis of analysis of the most common scientific theories to determine mechanisms for managing them; • to identify new approaches for identifying the essence of logistics, the content of logistics activities of trade enterprises and identify the actual problems of their construction; • to formulate a conceptual approach, basic principles and applied principles of organization of logistic formations with the participation of small business entities; • to develop scientific and practical recommendations on the construction of trade enterprises systems of logistics and their development taking into account the integration processes in the field of commodity circulation.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RESOURCE USE BY MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
S. S. BUDARIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Performance Audit ◽  
Available Resources

The article reveals methodological approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of the use of resources of medi-cal organizations in order to improve the availability and quality of medical care based on the application of the methodology of performance audit; a methodological approach to the use of individual elements of the efficiency audit methodology for evaluating the performance of medical organizations and the effectiveness of the use of available resources is proposed.

The Decision of the General Meeting of Members in a Non-Public Business Company: Concept and Types

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-169
Author(s):  
V. K. Andreev ◽  
◽  
V. A. Kondratiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
State Register ◽  
Business Results ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
State Registration ◽  
A Company

Introduction. The article examines the features of holding general meetings of members in non-public business companies, in particular questions about the place of decisions of general meeting in the system of legal facts, their relationship with the deal and the contract. The ability to use digital technology in decision making. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article is based on an analysis of the norms of positive law, primarily the Civil Code and the Laws on Company Business. Results. The authors conclude that the starting point in the activities of a non-public business company is the acquisition and exercise of their civil rights and the fulfilment of duties, and not a legal relationship that includes civil rights and civil duties as a necessary element. In addition, the decision of a general meeting, despite having many features in common, is not a deal. The decision of a general meeting, acting as an act of individual regulation, is in fact an act of a legal entity, and not a decision of the business community. The authors proposed a classification of decisions of meetings of business entities, depending on the method of their adoption, the possibilities being: the unanimously adoption by all participants of the company; decisions of the meeting of members of a company being adopted by a majority, or a qualified majority, of votes; decisions of the meeting of members of a company to change its charter, reorganization and liquidation of the company, requiring state registration in the unified state register of legal entities. The decision of a general meeting can be made either in person or in absentia, or a combination of the two. The decision of the meeting adopted in absentia will be valid, despite the absence of any special document establishing the procedure for its adoption. Discussion and Conclusion. Decisions of general meetings are actions of participants in a business company concerning legal consequences, including civil rights and obligations, in cases specified by law, and binding on all persons entitled to participate in the meeting, as well as other persons, whether required by law or having some other involvement.

scholarly journals CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OF THE MEROZYGOSITY IN A PARTIALLY DIPLOID MUTANT OF PNEUMOCOCCUS

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-678
Author(s):  
Mary Lee S Ledbetter ◽  
Rollin D Hotchkiss
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Chromosomal Marker ◽  
Structural Abnormality ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chromosomal Locus ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Derivatives Of

ABSTRACT A sulfonamide-resistant mutant of pneumococcus, sulr-c, displays a genetic instability, regularly segregating to wild type. DNA extracts of derivatives of the strain possess transforming activities for both the mutant and wild-type alleles, establishing that the strain is a partial diploid. The linkage of sulr-c to strr-61, a stable chromosomal marker, was established, thus defining a chromosomal locus for sulr-c. DNA isolated from sulr-c cells transforms two mutant recipient strains at the same low efficiency as it does a wild-type recipient, although the mutant property of these strains makes them capable of integrating classical "low-efficiency" donor markers equally as efficiently as "high efficiency" markers. Hence sulr-c must have a different basis for its low efficiency than do classical low efficiency point mutations. We suggest that the DNA in the region of the sulr-c mutation has a structural abnormality which leads both to its frequent segregation during growth and its difficulty in efficiently mediating genetic transformation.

scholarly journals A Brief Review on Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zeolites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Jinlin Mei ◽  
Aijun Duan ◽  
Xilong Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Synthesis ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis

The traditional hydrothermal method to prepare zeolite will inevitably use a large amount of water as a solvent, which will lead to higher autogenous pressure, low efficiency, and wastewater pollution. The solvent-free method can be used to synthesize various types of zeolites by mechanical mixing, grinding, and heating of solid raw materials, which exhibits the apparent advantages of high yield, low pollution, and high efficiency. This review mainly introduces the development process of solvent-free synthesis, preparation of hierarchical zeolite, morphology control, synthesis mechanism and applications of solvent-free methods. It can be believed that solvent-free methods will become a research focus and have enormous industrial application potential.

scholarly journals Influence of Selected Model Parameters on the Electromagnetic Levitation Melting Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3827
Author(s):  
Blazej Nycz ◽  
Lukasz Malinski ◽  
Roman Przylucki
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Levitation ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reactive Metals ◽  
Electromagnetic Levitation Melting ◽  
Metal Melting

The article presents the results of multivariate calculations for the levitation metal melting system. The research had two main goals. The first goal of the multivariate calculations was to find the relationship between the basic electrical and geometric parameters of the selected calculation model and the maximum electromagnetic buoyancy force and the maximum power dissipated in the charge. The second goal was to find quasi-optimal conditions for levitation. The choice of the model with the highest melting efficiency is very important because electromagnetic levitation is essentially a low-efficiency process. Despite the low efficiency of this method, it is worth dealing with it because is one of the few methods that allow melting and obtaining alloys of refractory reactive metals. The research was limited to the analysis of the electromagnetic field modeled three-dimensionally. From among of 245 variants considered in the article, the most promising one was selected characterized by the highest efficiency. This variant will be a starting point for further work with the use of optimization methods.

scholarly journals Inflight Transmission of COVID-19 Based on Experimental Aerosol Dispersion Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaozhi Wang ◽  
Edwin R Galea ◽  
Angus Grandison ◽  
John Ewer ◽  
Fuchen Jia
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Dispersion Data ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Meal Service ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Aerosol Dispersion

Abstract Background An issue of concern to the travelling public is the possibility of in-flight transmission of COVID-19 during long- and short-haul flights. The aviation industry maintains that the probability of contracting the illness is small based on reported cases, modelling and data from aerosol dispersion experiments conducted on-board aircraft. Methods Using experimentally derived aerosol dispersion data for a B777–200 aircraft and a modified version of the Wells-Riley equation we estimate inflight infection probability for a range of scenarios involving quanta generation rate and face mask efficiency. Quanta generation rates were selected based on COVID-19 events reported in the literature while mask efficiency was determined from the aerosol dispersion experiments. Results The MID-AFT cabin exhibits the highest infection probability. The calculated maximum individual infection probability (without masks) for a 2-hour flight in this section varies from 4.5% for the ‘Mild Scenario’ to 60.2% for the ‘Severe Scenario’ although the corresponding average infection probability varies from 0.1% to 2.5%. For a 12-hour flight, the corresponding maximum individual infection probability varies from 24.1% to 99.6% and the average infection probability varies from 0.8% to 10.8%. If all passengers wear face masks throughout the 12-hour flight, the average infection probability can be reduced by approximately 73%/32% for high/low efficiency masks. If face masks are worn by all passengers except during a one-hour meal service, the average infection probability is increased by 59%/8% compared to the situation where the mask is not removed. Conclusions This analysis has demonstrated that while there is a significant reduction in aerosol concentration due to the nature of the cabin ventilation and filtration system, this does not necessarily mean that there is a low probability or risk of in-flight infection. However, mask wearing, particularly high-efficiency ones, significantly reduces this risk.

scholarly journals High Efficiency Generalized Parallel Counters for Look-Up Table Based FPGAs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burhan Khurshid ◽  
Roohie Naaz Mir
Keyword(s):  
Power Dissipation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Fir Filters ◽  
Path Delay ◽  
Look Up Table ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Ip Cores ◽  
Low Efficiency

Generalized parallel counters (GPCs) are used in constructing high speed compressor trees. Prior work has focused on utilizing the fast carry chain and mapping the logic onto Look-Up Tables (LUTs). This mapping is not optimal in the sense that the LUT fabric is not fully utilized. This results in low efficiency GPCs. In this work, we present a heuristic that efficiently maps the GPC logic onto the LUT fabric. We have used our heuristic on various GPCs and have achieved an improvement in efficiency ranging from 33% to 100% in most of the cases. Experimental results using Xilinx 5th-, 6th-, and 7th-generation FPGAs and Stratix IV and V devices from Altera show a considerable reduction in resources utilization and dynamic power dissipation, for almost the same critical path delay. We have also implemented GPC-based FIR filters on 7th-generation Xilinx FPGAs using our proposed heuristic and compared their performance against conventional implementations. Implementations based on our heuristic show improved performance. Comparisons are also made against filters based on integrated DSP blocks and inherent IP cores from Xilinx. The results show that the proposed heuristic provides performance that is comparable to the structures based on these specialized resources.

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