scholarly journals Comparison of Acehnese Pidie Dialect Variations between Acehnese Nagan Raya Dialects of Acehnese People in Peukan Baro District

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 3069-3078
Author(s):  
Nofiana S. ◽  
Putri Malahayati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Original Speech ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research is entitled "Comparison of the Acehnese dialect of the Pidie dialect with the Nagan Raya dialect of Acehnese people in the Peukan Baro district". The formulation of the problem is,How do the variations of the Acehnese dialect of the Pidie dialect compare with the Acehnese dialect of the Nagan Raya in the Acehnese people of Peukan Baro District when interacting using the original speech of the two dialects. This researchaim to describe the comparison of variations in the Acehnese language found in the Acehnese dialect of Pidie with the Acehnese dialect of Nagan Raya, which is used by the Nagan Raya community who live in the Peukan Baro sub-district, when interacting using the native speech of the two regions. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The main data source in this study is the Acehnese speaking community who live in Peukan Baro sub-district. Data was collected by using interview and documentation test techniques. The results of this study indicate that the comparison of language variations based on the usage spoken by the community: (1) comparative data of Acehnese language variations in the form of nouns; (2) comparative data of Acehnese language variations in the form of verbs; (4) comparative data on the variation of the Acehnese language in terms of speech belonging to customs, directions, and kinship calls.

scholarly journals ANALISIS NILAI BUDAYA DALAM HIKAYAT BANTA AMAT JILID I DAN II KARYA T. A. SAKTI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244
Author(s):  
Teuku Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Mutual Care ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to describe the cultural values ​​contained in the Hikayat Banta Amat Volume I and II by T. A. Sakti. Cultural value is very important to be studied in order to preserve the cultural heritage of the people of Aceh so that it can be known by the younger generation and re-cultivated in life in the present. The formulation of the problem raised in this study is how the cultural values ​​contained in the Hikayat Banta Amat Volume I and II by T. A. Sakti. The data source in this research is Hikayat Banta Amat Volume I and II by T. A. Sakti. The selected data is each quotation that has a relation to cultural values ​​in the saga. The approach and method used in this research is a qualitative approach and a descriptive method by describing the facts which are then followed by analysis. The cultural values ​​analyzed in Banta Amat sects are grouped according to five categories, namely (1) cultural values ​​in human relations with God, (2) cultural values ​​in human relations with nature, (3) cultural values ​​in human relations with other humans, (4) cultural values ​​in human relations with society, and (5) cultural values ​​in human relations with oneself. The results showed there were 37 quotations related to cultural values ​​that exist in the Banta Amat saga, namely: (1) Cultural values ​​in the human relationship with God there are 6 values ​​in 24 quotes; a) Give thanks to God 3 quotes, b) Give to Allah the Prophet 1 quote, c) Pray and ask God 9 quotes, d) surrender to God 8 quotes, e) Fear God 1 quote, and f) Obey to worship God 2 quotes, (2) Cultural values ​​in human relations with nature are found in 2 quotations about utilizing the forest, (3) Cultural values ​​in human relations with other humans there are 3 values ​​in 4 quotations; a) respect for others 2 quotes, b) say greetings 1 quote, and c) answer greetings 1 quote, (4) Cultural values ​​in human relations with the community there are 3 quotes namely about mutual care, and (5) Cultural values ​​in relationships humans with themselves there are 3 values ​​in 4 quotes; a) Never give up 2 quotes, b) responsibility 1 quote, and c) hard work 1 quote. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that the cultural values ​​in the human relationship with God are more numerous than the other values. This illustrates that the people of Aceh are religious and devout people who worship God. Suggestions from researchers that the people of Aceh continue to preserve cultural values ​​such as the Banta Amat saga in daily life. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai budaya yang terkandung dalam Hikayat Banta Amat Jilid I dan II Karya T. A. Sakti. Nilai budaya sangat penting untuk dikaji guna melestarikan warisan budaya masyarakat Aceh agar dapat diketahui oleh generasi muda dan kembali dibudidayakan dalam kehidupan pada masa sekarang. Rumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana nilai budaya yang terkandung dalam Hikayat Banta Amat Jilid I dan II Karya T. A. Sakti. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Hikayat Banta Amat Jilid I dan II karya T. A. Sakti. Data yang dipilih adalah setiap kutipan yang ada kaitannya dengan nilai budaya dalam hikayat. Pendekatan dan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskritif dengan mendeskripsikan fakta-fakta yang kemudian disusul dengan analisis. Nilai budaya yang dianalisis dalam hikayat Banta Amat dikelompokkan berdasarkan lima kategori, yaitu (1) nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, (2) nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan alam, (3) nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan manusia lain, (4) nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan masyarakat, dan (5) nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan diri sendiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 37 kutipan yang terkait dengan nilai budaya yang ada dalam hikayat Banta Amat, yaitu: (1) Nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan terdapat 6 nilai pada 24 kutipan; a) Bersyukur kepada Allah 3 kutipan, b) Berselawat kepada Nabi Allah 1 kutipan, c) Berdoa dan memohon kepada Allah 9 kutipan, d) menyerahkan diri kepada Allah 8 kutipan, e) Takut kepada Allah 1 kutipan, dan f) Taat beribadah kepada Allah 2 kutipan, (2) Nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan alam terdapat pada 2 kutipan tentang memanfaatkan hutan, (3) Nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan manusia lain terdapat 3 nilai pada 4 kutipan; a) menghormati orang lain 2 kutipan, b) mengucapkan salam 1 kutipan, dan c) menjawab salam 1 kutipan, (4) Nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan masyarakat terdapat 3 kutipan yaitu tentang rasa saling peduli, dan (5) Nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan diri sendiri terdapat 3 nilai pada 4 kutipan; a) Pantang menyerah 2 kutipan, b) tanggung jawab 1 kutipan, dan c) kerja keras 1 kutipan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan lebih banyak dari nilai yang lainnya. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa masyarakat Aceh adalah masyarakat yang religius dan taat beribadah kepada Allah. Saran dari peneliti agar masyarakat Aceh terus melestarikan nilai budaya seperti pada hikayat Banta Amat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata Kunci: Hikayat, Nilai Budaya

scholarly journals PERSEPSI TINDAK TUTUR EKSPRESIF MARAH MASYARAKAT SUKU BETAWI DI KECAMATAN BEJI, DEPOK: KAJIAN SOSIO- PRAGMATIK

Widyaparwa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-48
Author(s):  
Wiwiek Dwi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Descriptive Method

The present study gives a comprehensive account of preception of angry speech act by Betawenese when they are ‘asked’ to do something by others. Based on the problem, this study aims to describe the expres- sive perception of Betawi people anger when they are 'asked' to do something by others in the form of speech. The data source is questionerre distributed to 30 people who live in Beji Depok district. This study applies descriptive method of qualitative approach. The result shows that forms of anger expressive speech act preception are (1) expressions ‘aduh’ or ‘waduh’, (2) the use of words or questions, (3) the expressions of refutation, (4) experssions of prohibition, and (5) swearing expressions.The social factors influencing expressions are (1) anger to the parents, (2) to the superiors, (3) to strangers, (4) to older people with higher economic status, (5) to older people with the same economic status, (6) to older people with lower economic status, (7) people of the same age with higher economic status, (8) to people of the same age with the same economic status, (9) to people the same age with lower economic status people, (10) to younger people with higher economic status, (11) to younger people with the same economic status, (12) to young- er people with lower economic status.Masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini ialah persepsi tindak tutur ekspresif marah  penu-tur suku Betawi ketika ‘diminta/disuruh’ melakukan sesuatu oleh orang lain. Berdasarkan ma- salah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi ekpresif marah masyarakat Betawi ketika mereka ‘diminta/disuruh’ melakukan sesuatu oleh orang lain dalam bentuk tuturan. Sumber data penelitian ini ialahdata kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada responden sebanyak tiga puluh orang . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian persepsi tindak tutur ekspresif marah ini ialahpenggunaan ungkapan aduh atau waduh, (2)penggunaan kata atau ungkapan pertanyaan, (3) penggunaan ungkapan penolakan, (4) penggunaan ungkapan larangan, dan (5) penggunaan ungkapan umpatan. Faktor sosial yang berpengaruh dalam ekspresi marah ialah (1) marah kepada orang tua, (2) marah kepada atasan, (3) marah kepada orang yang tidak dikenal, (4) marah  kepada orang yang lebih tua status ekonomi lebih tinggi, (5) marah kepada orang yang lebih tua status ekonomi sama, (6) marah kepada orang yang lebih tua status ekonomi lebih rendah, (7) tutur marah kepada orang yang sebaya status ekonomi lebih tinggi, (8) marah kepa- da orang yang sebaya status ekonomi sama, (9)  marah kepada orang yang sebaya status ekonomi lebih rendah, (10) marah kepada orang yang lebih muda status ekonomi lebih tinggi, (11) marah kepada orang yang lebih muda status ekonomi sama, dan (12) marah kepada orang yang lebih muda status ekonomi lebih rendah.

scholarly journals Frasa Eksosentrik dalam Novel Kembang Kembang Petingan Karya Holisoh M.E

LOKABASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Leni Maryanika ◽  
Yayat Sudaryat
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Data Analysis Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Descriptive Method

The research aims to analyze and describe exocentric phrase that include the form, stucture, and semantics (the relation between grammatical elements) that contained in the novel Kembang Kembang Petingan by Holisoh M.E. In this study used descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Technique used in collecting data is a literature study. The data analysis technique used in this study is direct elemental analysis techniques. The data source used in this study is Novel Kembang Kembang Petingan by Holisoh M.E. The results of this research have 1133 phrase with 1658 frekuesi and describe three things, (1) exocentric phrase divided into two types of phrase, direktif phrase and relative phrase, (2) stucture of exocentric phrase have four general stucture and eleven substucture, and (3) semantics (the  relation between grammatical elements) have twelve relation gramatical of direktif phrase and two relation gramatical of relative phrase in the Kembang novel Kembang Petingan by Holisoh ME. Based on research can be concluded phrase exocentric in Kembang Kembang Petingan novel by Holisoh M.E can be examined in aspects form, stucture, and relation grammatical elements. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan frasa eksosentrik yang meliputi bentuk, struktur, dan semantik (hubungan antarunsur gramatikal) yang terdapat dalam novel Kembang Kembang Petingan karya Holisoh M.E. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, teknik yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data adalah tehnik studi pustaka, dan teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu teknik analisis unsur langsung. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah novel Kembang Kembang Petingan karya Holisoh M.E. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat 1133 frasa eksosentrik dengan frekuensi 1658 kali, lalu mendeskripsikan tiga hal yaitu (1) bentuk frasa eksosentik yang terdiri atas data 2 jenis frasa yaitu frasa direktif dan relatif, (2) struktur frasa eksosentrik yang memiliki 4 pola utama dan 11 subpola, dan (3) semantik (hubungan makna antarunsur gramatikal) yang terdiri atas 12 hubungan makna antarunsur gramatikal frasa direktif dan 2 hubungan makna antarunsur gramatikal frasa relatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa frasa eksosentrik mempunyai bentuk, struktur, dan hubungan gramatikal antarunsurnya yang berkaitan dengan kajian struktur dan semantik.

scholarly journals ORIENTASI DAN LAYANAN SANTRI ASING DI PESANTREN WALI BAROKAH KEDIRI JAWA TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Munawiroh
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstractThis article is written based on the research focusing on foreign students in Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) Wali Barokah Kediri. This research focused on the orientation (perspective and vision) and service for foreign students in the Pesantren. The research was conducted by using qualitative approach and descriptive method. Data source was obtained through observation, documentation studies, and in-depth interview with the Pesantren leaders, kiai/ustad (religious senior/teacher),  and foreign students. The findings in this research were: 1) The foreign students in Pesantren Wali Barokah aimed to achieve Islamic theology or tafaqquh fiddin excellently, accurately, and completely (kaffah), 2) The parents of foreign students were also involved in learning activities in Pesantren Wali Barokah, 3) The foreign students’ vision to study in pesantren is to be guided directly by ustad/ustazah (male and female teachers) who possess articulate Islamic theology (sanad keilmuan Islam) and are faithful to their academic performance. Furthermore, the students can particularly accomplish reading one of the Kutub Sittah holy books and memorize 30 Juz (part/section) of Alquran, and 4) The parents have their expectations that by sending their children to study in pesantren, they will be independent and become high quality human beings. Abstrak Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang santri asing di Pesantren Wali Barokah Kediri. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada orientasi (pandangan dan aspirasi) dan layanan asing yang belajar di pesantren tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunaakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Sumber data diperoleh melalui pengamatan, studi dokumen dan wawancara mendalam terhadap pimpinan pesantren, kiai/ustad dan santri asing. Hasil temuan penelitian ini antara lain: 1) santri asing belajar di pesantren Wali Barokah bertujuan untuk memperoleh Ilmu agama Islam  atau tafaqquh fiddin secara baik, akurat dan lengkap (kaffah), 2) para orang tua santri asing juga sama-sama mengikuti pembelajaran di pesantren Wali Barokah, 3) Aspirasi santri asing belajar di pesantren yaitu  memperoleh bimbingan langsung para ustad/ustazah yang memiliki sanad keilmuan yang jelas, serta dipertanggungjawabkan secara akademis. Seliaan itu, secara khusus mereka dapat mengkahatamkan salah satu dari kitab Kutub Sittah dan menghafal Alquran 30 Juz. 4) Sementara itu, harapan orang tua santri belajar di pesantren ini ingin anak-ananya menjadi manusia mandiri dan  berakhlak mulia.

scholarly journals Id, Ego, and Superego in the Main Character of Mata di Tanah Melus Novel by Okky Madasari

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliana Sari ◽  
Sarwaji Suwandi ◽  
Nugraheni Eko Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Data Analysis Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Descriptive Method

The purpose of this research is to explain and describe the form of id, ego, and superego in the main character in the Mata di Tanah Melus novel by Okky Madasari. The method used in this study was a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data source in this study was a document in the form of Mata di Tanah Melus novel by Okky Madasari, which was published by Gramedia Pustaka in 2018. The data used in this study were dialogues in the novel. The data analysis technique used in this study was the analysis of documents to find the form of id, ego, and superego in the novel. The results of this study indicate that there were forms of id, ego, and superego in Okky Madasari's Mata di Tanah Melus novel which were reflected by the main character. The forms of id, ego, and superego were found based on Sigmund Freud's personality theory. Through the form of id, ego, and superego, it can be seen how the personality of the main character in the Mata di Tanah Melus novel by Okky Madasari.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN EJAAN PADA JURNAL BUANA PENDIDIKAN, FKIP, UNIVERSITAS PGRI ADI BUANA SURABAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Eko Retnosari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
New Information ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Descriptive Method

university can communicate new information, ideas, studies, and research results. This journal aims to describe the use of the spelling of Buana Pendidikan journal. This study applies a qualitative approach. The data source of this study is the spelling of Buana Pendidikan journal. The data collecting in this research is done by documentation method. The data collection techniques are (1) the journal collection, (2) copying journal, (3) reading journal, (4) marking with highlighter, (5) classification, (6) coding, and (7) making cards. The data analysis used descriptive method. The stages of data analysis process include (1) the data collection, (2) classification of data, (3) the determination of errors frequency, (4) explanation. The result of this journal which is the use of spelling that contained in Buana Pendidikan journal is good. It can be proved from the inaccuracy use of spelling that mostly are the use of comma, while other punctuations are relatively little. In addition, the other inaccuracies use of spelling are (1) writing capital letters, (2) writing italics, (3) the writing of numbers, (4) writing the word, (5) the use of dots, and (7) the use of commas. This journal is expected to give inputs to the lecturers to be able to use spelling correctly when writing a journal. In writing a journal, the use of spelling should be applied properly

scholarly journals MAKNA KONOTATIF SYAIR QASIDAH SALAWAT NABI PADA NASKAH MAJELIS DZIKIR DAN SALAWAT PONDOK RUMI UNTUK MAJELIS AL-ASYIQIN JAMBI (KAJIAN SEMANTIK)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Uli Wahyuni ◽  
Rini Pujiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Connotative Meaning ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The aim of this research is to describe the connotative meaning of solawat nabi qasidah. This research uses qualitative approach by using descriptive method. This research is descriptive qualitative. In this research, the data is taken by collecting whole data, choosing the data, and analyzing the data in concluding section. The data is taken from the words of data source. The source of the data is the texts of solawat nabi qasidah. In collecting the data, the texts of solawat nabi qasidah which are related with connotative meaning are read. Based on the analysis, there are 13 connotative meaning on the texts of solawat nabi qasidah. From those 36 titles, there are 8 titles which consist of connotative meaning. There are more than one connotative meaning from each title. Thus, it can be concluded that the texts of solawat nabi qasidah consist of connotative meaning. Keywords: Connotative Meaning, Solawat Nabi Qasidah

scholarly journals RAGAM BAHASA DALAM VIDEO YOUTUBER JEPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
Ellen Juita Gultom ◽  
Ni Wayan Meidariani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Descriptive Method

ABSTRACT There are variety of language based on speakers and their usage, such as sonkeigo, teineigo and futsugo in Japanese language. Sonkeigo, teineigo and futsugo has different uses based on context and situation. Futsugo usually use in daily conversation but teineigo dan sonkeigo are also use in daily conversation depend on context situation of the speakers.  This  article focuses on the variety of Japanese language on youtuber videos. The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge for Japanese learner in order to know what kind  of variety   Japanese japanese are use in daily communication, especially in youtuber video. The data are collect from Japan youtuber videos. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. Research approach by processing the data source that is descriptive by using descriptive method qualitatif. Based on analysis, Japanese youtuber are use futsugo and teineigo in their utterance. They use ryuukougo and wakamono kotoba in adjective, verb and also adverbial word clas. The pattern of wakamono kotoba found shortening process in the middle and the end of the word, the changes of sound in words, borrowing and the addition of i to the word that change the word class into adjectives.   Keywords : language variety, Japanese language, youtuber

scholarly journals MINAT BELAJAR SISWA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN INTELEKTUAL SISWA SD NEGERI WILAYAH KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
E. Nita Prianti ◽  
Khristina Sri Prihatin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Descriptive Method

Based on the fact that there is no end to the problems of education that occur in our country even though the government has worked hard to change it. The irrelevance between expectations, the process and the results achieved in education. Thus there are certainly other factors, one of which is the willingness or interest of students towards learning. The purpose of this study is 1) To find out how much the students' willingness to learn in improving the intellectual intelligence of students of SD Negeri Pandeglang district. 2) To find out the factors and efforts to improve the intellectual intelligence of students of SD Negeri Pandeglang district. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. While the data source was obtained through informants as research subjects using data collection techniques in library research and field research (research locations) by observing, documenting, interviewing guidelines for several informants namely students, teachers (SD) in the State of Pandeglang Regency. Then the data is analyzed correctly. The data obtained from the results of the study is that students 'interest in learning to improve students' intellectual intelligence in the area of ​​Pandeglang Regency cannot be categorized well. This can be proven from the findings of researchers that students of the SD Negeri Pandeglang Regency will their interest in learning only reach 50%. From 4 schools based on the results of research data, with a low willingness to learn so that 32.18% of students cannot read and write.

Syntactic and Semantic Analysis on Slogans of Aviation Companies in Asean Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Ervina CM Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Descriptive Method

The title of this study is Syntactic and Sematic Analysis on Slogans of Aviation in Asean Countries. The aim of this study is to analyze and describe the slogans of aviation companies in Asean companies syntactically and semantically. The method used in this study is descriptive method. Data source are taken from official websites of various aviation companies in Asean countries, and there are taken from Wikipedia as the website has listed in chart. The chart has covered the profile of the aviation companies in Asean countries. The theories used to analyze the data syntactically are from O

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