scholarly journals Flag Leaf Tolerance Study in Moroccan Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Varieties Submitted to a Severe Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 2787-2799
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Tolerance Study ◽  
Variety Effect ◽  
Genetic Pool

Salt stress is the most significant abiotic stress that can severely limit crop growth and productivity. This problem gets worse in the context of climate change. The Knowledge of genetic pool behavior under such environmental constraints is imperative for growing and research. Here, we tested salt stress tolerance in six barley varieties (‘Amira’, ‘Oussama’, ‘Tamellalet’, ‘Adrar’, ‘Taffa’, and ‘Laanaceur’). To this end, a set of biochemical parameters (chlorophylls, proline, sodium, potassium levels and K+/Na+ ratio) were measured. Salt constraint significantly reduced chlorophyll content and K+/Na+ but resulted in high records of proline and Na+. Our outcomes show that treatment was the main variability since it explained more than 75% in data variability followed by variety effect. Wide variabilities were found among varieties for the measured parameters. Higher proline levels and K+/Na+ were found in ‘Adrar’, ‘Tamellalet’ and ‘Taffa’. These two later varieties also displayed a higher record of K+. Lower Na+ values were recorded in ‘Laanaceur’, ‘Taffa’, and ‘Tamellalet’, indicating their relative resistance against salt stress. In contrast, ‘Oussama’ and ‘Amira’ were relatively salt-sensitive due to their higher Na+ and lowered K+/Na+ and proline content. Resistant varieties could represent a good background for breeding for barley salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Application of Hyperspectral Imaging in the Assessment of Drought and Salt Stress in Magneto-Primed Triticale Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Jose Alvarez ◽  
Elvira Martinez ◽  
Belén Diezma
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Germination Parameters

Hyperspectral imaging is an appropriate method to thoroughly investigate the microscopic structure of internally heterogeneous agro-food products. By using hyperspectral technology, identifying stress symptoms associated with salinity, before a human observer, is possible, and has obvious benefits. The objective of this paper was to prove the suitability of this technique for the analysis of Triticale seeds subjected to both magneto-priming and drought and salt stress conditions, in terms of image differences obtained among treatments. It is known that, on the one hand, drought and salt stress treatments have negative effects on seeds of almost all species, and on the other hand, magneto-priming enhances seed germination parameters. Thus, this study aimed to relate hyperspectral imaging values—neither positive nor negative in themselves—to the effects mentioned above. Two main conclusions were reached: Firstly, the hyperspectral application is a feasible method for exploring the Triticale structure and for making distinctions under different drought and salt stress treatments, in line with the data variability obtained. Secondly, the lower spectral reflectance in some treatments—in the 400–1000 nm segment—is the result of a great number of chemical compounds in the seed that could be related to magneto-priming.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Betula halophila in Response to Salt Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenjuan Shao ◽  
Lisha Zhang ◽  
Iain Wilson ◽  
Deyou Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salt Overly Sensitive

Soil salinization is a matter of concern worldwide. It can eventually lead to the desertification of land and severely damage local agricultural production and the ecological environment. Betula halophila is a tree with high salt tolerance, so it is of importance to understand and discover the salt responsive genes of B. halophila for breeding salinity resistant varieties of trees. However, there is no report on the transcriptome in response to salt stress in B. halophila. Using Illumina sequencing platform, approximately 460 M raw reads were generated and assembled into 117,091 unigenes. Among these unigenes, 64,551 unigenes (55.12%) were annotated with gene descriptions, while the other 44.88% were unknown. 168 up-regulated genes and 351 down-regulated genes were identified, respectively. These Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) involved in multiple pathways including the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway, ion transport and uptake, antioxidant enzyme, ABA signal pathway and so on. The gene ontology (GO) enrichments suggested that the DEGs were mainly involved in a plant-type cell wall organization biological process, cell wall cellular component, and structural constituent of cell wall molecular function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment showed that the top-four enriched pathways were ‘Fatty acid elongation’, ‘Ribosome’, ‘Sphingolipid metabolism’ and ‘Flavonoid biosynthesis’. The expression patterns of sixteen DEGs were analyzed by qRT-PCR to verify the RNA-seq data. Among them, the transcription factor AT-Hook Motif Nuclear Localized gene and dehydrins might play an important role in response to salt stress in B. halophila. Our results provide an important gene resource to breed salt tolerant plants and useful information for further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in B. halophila.

scholarly journals The RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES SUBJECTED TO SALINITY STRESS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH PHASES

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
C. Brindha, S. Vasantha, R. Arunkumar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Yield Responses

 A few commercial sugarcane genotypes were subjected to salinity stress at various growth phases of sugarcane to ascertain the critical growth stage for salinity stress and to assess the response of the genotypes. All the data were recorded and analysed during maturity phase. The salt treatments drastically reduced SPAD chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, RWC, stalk height, weight and other yield parameters in a few genotypes during T2 (salt treatment given during formative phase) & T5 (salt treatment given throughout crop cycle) but a few genotypes which are tolerant towards salt stress gave better results comparing other genotypes. The ions like sodium, potassium and chloride were analysed in the juice which showed higher elevation in the genotype Co 97010. Among the genotypes, Co 85019 and Co 99004 recorded significantly prime compared to rest of the genotypes. Treatment throughout the growth phases (T5) followed by stress at formative phase (T2) were found to be critical for growth, physiological and yield responses in all the genotypes.

scholarly journals Silencing of HvGSK1.1—A GSK3/SHAGGY-Like Kinase–Enhances Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Growth in Normal and in Salt Stress Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6616
Author(s):  
Yuliya Kloc ◽  
Marta Dmochowska-Boguta ◽  
Andrzej Zielezinski ◽  
Anna Nadolska-Orczyk ◽  
Wojciech M. Karlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Wide Range

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a highly conserved kinase present in all eukaryotes and functions as a key regulator of a wide range of physiological and developmental processes. The kinase, known in land plants as GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase (GSK), is a key player in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway. The GSK genes, through the BRs, affect diverse developmental processes and modulate responses to environmental factors. In this work, we describe functional analysis of HvGSK1.1, which is one of the GSK3/SHAGGY-like orthologs in barley. The RNAi-mediated silencing of the target HvGSK1.1 gene was associated with modified expression of its paralogs HvGSK1.2, HvGSK2.1, HvGSK3.1, and HvGSK4.1 in plants grown in normal and in salt stress conditions. Low nucleotide similarity between the silencing fragment and barley GSK genes and the presence of BR-dependent transcription factors’ binding sites in promoter regions of barley and rice GSK genes imply an innate mechanism responsible for co-regulation of the genes. The results of the leaf inclination assay indicated that silencing of HvGSK1.1 and the changes of GSK paralogs enhanced the BR-dependent signaling in the plants. The strongest phenotype of transgenic lines with downregulated HvGSK1.1 and GSK paralogs had greater biomass of the seedlings grown in normal conditions and salt stress as well as elevated kernel weight of plants grown in normal conditions. Both traits showed a strong negative correlation with the transcript level of the target gene and the paralogs. The characteristics of barley lines with silenced expression of HvGSK1.1 are compatible with the expected phenotypes of plants with enhanced BR signaling. The results show that manipulation of the GSK-encoding genes provides data to explore their biological functions and confirm it as a feasible strategy to generate plants with improved agricultural traits.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Tamarix hispida ThTrx5 Confers Salt Tolerance to Arabidopsis by Activating Stress Response Signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Jiayu Luan ◽  
Jingxiang Dong ◽  
Xin Song ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Huiyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Tamarix Hispida ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Transcriptome Comparison ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cellular Water

Salt stress inhibits normal plant growth and development by disrupting cellular water absorption and metabolism. Therefore, understanding plant salt tolerance mechanisms should provide a theoretical basis for developing salt-resistant varieties. Here, we cloned ThTrx5 from Tamarix hispida, a salt-resistant woody shrub, and generated ThTrx5-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines. Under NaCl stress, the germination rate of overexpressing ThTrx5 lines was significantly increased relative to that of the nontransgenic line; under salt stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione levels and root length and fresh weight values of transgenic ThTrx5 plants were significantly greater than corresponding values for wild-type plants. Moreover, with regard to the transcriptome, comparison of differential gene expression of transgenic versus nontransgenic lines at 0 h and 3 h of salt stress exposure revealed 500 and 194 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, that were mainly functionally linked to catalytic activity and binding process. Pull-down experiments showed that ThTrx bound 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1-like protein that influences stress response-associated redox, hormone signal transduction, and transcription factor functions. Therefore, this work provides important insights into ThTrx5 mechanisms that promote salt tolerance in plants.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Esawi ◽  
Ibrahim Alaraidh ◽  
Abdulaziz Alsahli ◽  
Hayssam Ali ◽  
Aisha Alayafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Region ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Western European ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) represents one of the most important cereals cultivated worldwide. Investigating genetic variability and structure of barley is important for enhancing the crop productivity. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and structure of 40 barley genotypes originated from three European countries (France, the Netherlands, Poland) using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). It also aimed to study 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) effect on salinity tolerance of six barley genotypes. The expected heterozygosity (He) diverged from 0.126 to 0.501, with a mean of 0.348. Polymorphic information content (PIC) diverged from 0.103 to 0.482 across barley genotypes, with a mean of 0.316, indicating that barley genotypes are rich in a considerable level of genetic diversity. The 40 barley genotypes were further studied based on their geographical origin (Western Europe and Eastern Europe). The Eastern European region (Poland) has a higher barley variability than the Western European region (France and the Netherlands). Nei’s distance-based cluster tree divided the 40 barley accessions into two major clusters; one cluster comprised all the varieties originated from the Eastern European region, while the other major cluster included all accessions originated from the Western European region. Structure analysis results were in a complete concordance with our cluster analysis results. Slaski 2, Damseaux and Urbanowicki genotypes have the highest diversity level, whereas Carmen, Bigo and Cambrinus genotypes have the lowest level. The response of these six varieties to NaCl stress was also investigated. Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) slightly decreased levels of chlorophyll, carotenoid and osmolytes (proteins, soluble sugars, phenolics and flavonoids) in the leaves of Slaski 2, Damseaux and Urbanowicki genotypes at non-significant level, as compared to control samples. However, pigment contents and osmolytes in leaves of Carmen, Bigo and Cambrinus genotypes were significantly decreased by salt stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased in Slaski 2 genotype, but non-significantly increased in Carmen by salt stress. Priming Slaski 2 and Carmen cultivars with ALA under salt stress significantly induced pigment contents, antioxidants enzymes activity and stress-responsive genes expression, relative to NaCl-stressed plants. In conclusion, this study suggested a correlation between variability percentage and degree of salinity resistance. ALA improved salt tolerance in barley.

Responses of growth, morphology, and anatomy to salinity and calcium supply in cultivated and wild barley

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1859-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huang ◽  
R. E. Redmann
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
Calcium Supply ◽  
Barley Population

Growth, morphology, and anatomy were examined in cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Harrington), and wild barley (Hordeum jubatum L.) collected from a wild population located in Saskatoon, Sask. Plants were grown in nutrient solution plus mixed sulphate salts with low or high calcium supply and in nutrient solution alone (control), using a hydroponic system in a growth chamber. Salt stress had greater deleterious effects on growth, morphology, and anatomy of 'Harrington' than wild barley. Additional Ca supply markedly improved these parameters in 'Harrington' but not in wild barley, suggesting a greater responsiveness to Ca in the cultivated species. The wild barley population had greater leaf and tiller numbers per plant but smaller leaf area and dry mass than 'Harrington' in control solution. After 20 days of salt treatment, 'Harrington' showed a greater reduction in tiller and leaf number, shoot height and root length, and tissue dry mass than wild barley. Calcium-deficiency symptoms were found in 'Harrington' leaves in the low Ca salt treatment but not in wild barley. On the other hand, shoot height and dry mass growth were significantly increased in 'Harrington' by high Ca salt treatment, suggesting that 'Harrington' was more responsive to supplemental Ca than wild barley. Salt stress induced thicker roots with larger vessels in 'Harrington' but not in the wild barley population. Key words: calcium nutrition, Hordeum vulgare L., Hordeum jubatum L., hydraulic resistance, salt tolerance, root anatomy, sulphate salinity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document