scholarly journals Effect of citric acid in low nutrient diet on growth and bone mineral metabolism of broiler

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
KMS Islam ◽  
MR Debi ◽  
R Haque ◽  
MM Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Energy Control ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 1

The study was conducted to observe the performance of broiler in low level of dietary nutrients but using citric acid (CA) as feed additive. A total of 240 day old straight run broiler chicks (COBB 500) were randomly distributed into eight groups, with three replicate cages having 10 birds in each. Control diet (Group 1) was formulated with corn-soybean based ingredients contained 22.7% CP and 3213 kcal ME/kg. Other dietary Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were control+0.5% CA, control+4% low protein and energy, control+4% low protein and energy with 0.5% CA, control+8% low protein and energy, control+8% low protein and energy with 0.5% CA, control+12% low protein and energy and 12% low protein and energy with 0.5% CA, respectively. At the age of 31 days 8% lowering the protein and energy could compensate by the addition of citric acid (group 6). There was no significant difference of total feed intake among the groups. As live weight 8% lowering the protein and energy could compensate the feed efficiency when addition of CA. Tibia ash was determined in first four groups that were 44.2, 49.5, 46.8 and 47.1% in group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The mortality was 0.0% during the whole experimental period. The cost of production (BDT/kg broiler) was lowest in group 8, that means lowering protein and energy reduces feed cost. It may be concluded that diets containing low protein and energy up to 8% but addition of 0.5% citric acid would compensate the performance of broiler, but 12% reduction of energy and nutrients is cost effective. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2021. 50 (1):36-42

scholarly journals Effect of citric acid, herbal feed additive and their combination on the performance of broiler

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tanzin ◽  
KMS Islam ◽  
MR Debi ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The experiment was conducted with 108 day old straight-run Hubbard Classic broiler chicks for a period of 35 days to investigate the effects of citric acid, commercial herbal additive (Keqinling) and their combination on growth and carcass traits of broiler. The dietary treatments were control (T0), 0.5% citric acid (T1), 0.2% Keqinling (T2) and combination of 0.5% citric acid +0.2% Keqinling (T3).  Final live weight was 1615, 1710, 1707 and 1795g in control, 0.5% citric acid, 0.2% Keqinling and their combination groups respectively. The highest live weight gain (1748g) was found in combination group followed by 0.5% citric acid (1664g), 0.2% Keqinling (1660g), and the lowest (1568g)in control group. The highest feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency was observed in T3 and the lowest in group T0. Significantly (p<0.05) the highest dressed yield (%) was found in 0.5% citric acid group (56.65) than combination (55.73) and Keqinling (55.18) and lowest in control group (54.59). Citric acid reduced the pH of the both feed and faces. The cost of production (Tk/kg broiler) was lowest in citric acid group (Tk. 76.22). Net profit per broiler production was found in 0.5% citric acid group (Tk. 10.03/broiler) followed by combination (Tk. 9.28), Keqinling (Tk. 7.31) and control group (Tk. 6.98) respectively. The addition of 0.5% citric acid and 0.2% Keqinling individually or their combination increase the performance of broiler but citric acid showed better response than Keqinling.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):143-150

Citric acid and fumaric acid as food additives for early-weaned piglets

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Henry ◽  
D. W. Pickard ◽  
P. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTThe effects of diet acidification on the growth performance of piglets were assessed in two experiments. In the first, 167 piglets were weaned at 10 days of age and penned in litter-mate groups (seven groups per treatment) which were allocated to one of three diets, with either citric acid (30 g/kg; C), fumaric acid (15 g/kg; F) or no additional organic acid (N); pigs were fed ad libitum for 25 days. The rate of live-weight gain was significantly higher for treatment C than for treatments F or N (216 (s.e. 10), 170 (s.e. 7) and 189 (s.e. 6) g/day respectively; P < 0·05). The voluntary food intake on treatment C also tended to be higher than on the other two diets (220 (s.e. 24), 182 (s.e. 18) and 189 (s.e. 7) g/day for treatments C, F and N respectively).In experiment 2, 30 crossbred piglets were penned in single-sex groups of three and weaned at 10 days of age. The same diets were used as in experiment 1 but all three diets were available ad libitum to each group of piglets for 25 days. When dietary choice was allowed, piglets consumed significantly greater quantities of the control diet than of the acidified diets (1381, 1422, 2972 (s.e. 132) g/day for diets C, F and N respectively; P < 0·01). When the relative intake of each diet was correlated with live-weight gain, only diet C showed a significant positive correlation (r = +0·74; P < 0·05). Correlations of F and N intakes with live-weight gain were negative. It is concluded that citric acid (30 g/kg) in the diet of early-weaned piglets promotes live-weight gain, although acidification of the diet may decrease palatability.

scholarly journals Histopathological changes of some internal organs in broilers fed T-2 Toxin

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Shereen K. K.
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Forty, one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly distributed at one day of age to 2 experimental groups consisting of 10 birds with two replicates for 35 days. Group 1 fed control diet with no T-2 toxin (negative control),while group 2 fed T-2 toxin contaminated diet at a rate of 4 ppm. Scarifying birds done at the end of the experiment, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, liver, kidney and intestine, were sectioned for microscopical examination . Results showed that T-2 toxin, was hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, toxic to lymphatic tissue, haemopoetic tissue, and gastrointestinal tissues. And these organs are considered to be the target organs for T-2 toxin which primarily affected during T-2 toxicosis.

scholarly journals Administering probiotic yakult + tape yeast into the mixture of rice and corn bran as partial replacement of commercial diet affects the carcass yield of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Zulfan Zulfan ◽  
Herawati Latif ◽  
Muhammad Aman Yaman ◽  
Cut Aida Fitri ◽  
Muhammad Haris Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Corn Bran

The residue originated from antibiotics and hormones had been thought to carry out adverse effects for the human who consume meat processed from the broilers treated by antibiotic feed additive. For this reason, using an alternative additive such as probiotic might produce healthier meat. The objective of the recent study was to evaluate administering different levels of probiotic yakult + tape yeast (YTy) into the mixing of rice bran + corn bran (RCB) to replace 30% of the commercial diet to carcass yield and abdominal fat of broilers. As many as 100 broiler chicks, Cobb strain, were reared up to 5 weeks in this study. The study was designed into a Completely Randomized Design with subsampling consisted of 5 treatments, 4 replications, and 2 sub samples. Broiler commercial diet with the market code of CP 511 Hi-provite manufactured by PT Charoen Pokphand was used for a positive control diet (P0+). The RCB feeds were mixed with 0, 10, 20, and 30 ml/kg of probiotic YTy then being used to replace 30% of the commercial diet to build experimental diets P0-, P1, P2, and P3, respectively. The results of the recent study indicated that administering 10‒30 ml/kg of probiotic YTy highly significantly (P<0.01) increased the weights of the whole carcass and carcass parts. The percentages of whole carcasses among P1, P2, and P3, however, were not statistically different. The percentage of the breast significantly (P<0.05) increased while the percentage of the back significantly (P<0.05) decreased. Although statistically not significant differences, the abdominal fat percentage tended to decline. In conclusion, administering a probiotic YTy in the diet increased the percentage of the whole carcass and tended to reduce the abdominal fat of the broiler.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary garlic and thyme seed supplementation on the production performance, carcass yield and gut microbial population of broiler chickens

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Phyo Htet Htet Kyaw, Kyaw San Win, Khin Khin Lay ◽  
Kyaw Kyaw Moe ◽  
Aye Aye Maw, Khin Hnin Swe
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A total of 200 Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments consisting of 5 replications with 10 chicks each in order to evaluate the effect of dietary garlic and thyme seed supplementation on the production performance, carcass yield and gut microbial population. Treatments were control diet (T1), control diet with 1% thyme seed powder (T2), control diet with 1% garlic powder (T3) and control diet with 0.5% thyme seed and 0.5% garlic powder (T4). Feed intake, body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yield was not significantly (p>0.05) improved by dietary treatments compared to control. Escherichia coli (E. coli) count in the gut of broilers did not show significant difference among dietary treatments. However, Lactobacilli count in the gut of broilers significantly (p<0.05) increased in T2 compared to that of T1. Lactobacilli count in the gut of broilers received T1, T3 and T4 did not differ significantly (p>0.05) with each other. It was concluded that thyme seed was reliable as feed additive in the broiler diet and could provide positive advantages to the colonization and proliferation of Lactobacilli.

scholarly journals Utilization of coconut meal based diets supplemented with lysine by broiler chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
F. A. S. Dairo ◽  
B. K. Ogunmodede
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Coconut Meal

Coconut meal (CM) was included in a broiler diet to supply 40% of the total groundnut cake protein. The diet was formulated based on the recommendations of a previous study that coconut meal protein can replace 40% of groundnut cake (GNC) in broilers diet. A control diet was formulated containing 22% GNC, the protein of which was replaced by coconut meal protein. Five diets were prepared . The control (Diet A) and 4 others that contained essentially the same proximate composition (Diets B-E) were supplemented with synthetic lysine at 0.30, 0,60, 0.90 and 1.20% dietary levels. 240 broiler chicks were alotted into 5 dietary treatment groups of 3 sub-groupa. Each sub-group contained 16 birds. The dietary lysine content from diets A-E were 1.20, 1.15, 1.45, 1.76 and 2.00% respectively and were fed to the broilers for a period of 56 days. Performance indices, average feed consumption, average body gain, live weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) were monitored. The dry matter, protein and ether extractretentions were all equally monitored twice at the 4th and 8th week. Haematological and enzyme assays were investigated  at 4th and 8th week. The average feed consumption and FCR were significantly increased (P<0.05) by the increasing level of lysine supplementation both at the 4th and 8th week. The body gain also decreased significantly (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week while the live weight was significantly (P<0.05) better in the control and 0.6% lysine supplementation at the 56th day of the study. The dry matter, nitrogen and other extract retentions significantly decreased (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week. The total protein and albumin decreased significantly (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week while, creatinine and urea increased with increasing level of lysine supplementation. The serum glutamate amino transaminase and alanine amino transaminase both increased significantly (P<0.05) at the 4th and 8th week. The study indicated that 0.6% lysine supplementation (of diet containing coconut meal contributing 40% protein of the major vegetable protein source) enhance the utilization of the coconut meal by broilers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cassava foliage as a protein supplement for sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
J. K. Alli-Balogun ◽  
C. A. M. Lakpini ◽  
J. P. Alawa ◽  
A. Mohammed ◽  
J. A. Nwanta
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Metabolic Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains

Three trials were conducted to evaluate the potential of cassava (Manihot esculenta) foliage (leaves and petioles) as a protein supplement for sheep. In the first trial, nylon bag degradability of cassava foliage was studied. Proximate analysis of cassava foliage was conducted before and after the incubation. Rumen Ammonia Concentration (RAC) and pH were determined at 0, 4 and 8 hours after feeding cassava foliage diet (30%). Proximate composition of sundried cassava foliage was (%) DM 91.25, CP 18.55, NDF, 31.41, ADF, 29.2, EE, 6.6, Ash, 12.95. Nylon-bag dry matter disappearance (DMD) increased significantly (P<0.05) from 15.75% to 75.5% RAC values increased significantly from 8.20mg NH3/100ml at zero hour to 11.41mg NH3/100ml at 8 hours post feeding. Rumen fluid pH was not significantly changed by the 30% cassava foliage diet. In the second trial lasting 56 days, twenty-eight Yankasa/ WAD yearling rams of initial average weight of 18kg were balanced for weight and randomly allotted to seven treatments. All rams except those on control diet were fed cassava foliage or groundnut haulms or both at 1.0% or 1.5% of body weight (BW) as supplements to a basal diet of Gamba hay. Feeding Gamba hay alone (control) resulted in weight loss (-30.5g/day) but with cassava foliage or groundnut haulms supplementation at 1.0% BW, significantly higher gains of 39.2 and 44.6g/day were achieved respectively. At 1.5%BW level of supplementation with cassava foliage or groundnut haulms higher weight gains of 41.2 and 51.7g/day were achieved while feeding the (50.50) combined supplements at 1.0 and 1.50% BW resulted in live weight gains of 65.1 and 69.3g/day respectively. The third trial consisted of a four week grazing trial followed by a metabolic study. Twenty-one Yankasa/WAD yearling rams were randomly allotted to seven treatments and were balanced for live weight. All rams were allowed to graze standing digitaria hay as basal diet, except the rams on control diet. Those on treatment were fed cassava foliage or groundnut haulms or a (50:50) combination of both at 0.5% and 1.0% (BW). The metabolic study consisted of a seven day adjustment period and a seven day total collection period. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the live weight gains of rams on the control diet compared with those supplemented except for those supplemented with cassava foliage and groundnut haulms combined at 1% level where the weight gain was significantly higher (P<0.05). Feed intake was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by feeding either supplement. Supplementing digitaria hay with cassava foliage at both 0.5% and 1.0% BW did not significantly increase the nitrogen retention values, but groundnut haulms supplemented at 1.0% BW significantly (P<0.05) increased the nitrogen retention values.

Effects of dietary supplementation of endo-1,4-b-D-glucanase producing Bacillus subtilis sp.-fermented products on growth performance in broilers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeayoung Kim ◽  
Byeongwoo Kim ◽  
Seongkeun Cho ◽  
Kyungjin Cho ◽  
Jakyeom Seo
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Endoglucanase producing Bacillus subtilis sp. fermented product (EBFP) on growth performance and meat characteristics in broilers. A total of 480, 1 day old ROSS male broiler chicks were obtained from a local hatchery and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens consisting of 20 chicks. Three additional diets were prepared by mixing 0.1% of commercial cellulase, 0.1%, and 0.2% of EBFP with the control diet and all chicks were fed experimental diets and water ad libitum. Feed intake and body weight (BW) were recorded at 0, 3, and 5 week of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, birds fed a diet containing 0.1% of EBFP had the highest BW compared to birds in other groups (P > 0.01). During 0 to 5 week the experimental period, the dietary addition of 0.1% EBFP significantly increased (P > 0.01) BW gain that was higher than that of birds fed the diet in which only a commercial cellulase was added. No significant difference among treatments was observed in carcass weight, carcass yield, left breast, and thigh meat. These results suggest that dietary addition of cellulolytic probiotics may enhance growth performance compared with the single use of probiotics or enzymes.

A note on the response of store lambs to iso-nitrogenous diets containing rapeseed meal or fish meal

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Tan ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Outflow Rate

ABSTRACTLive-weight gain responses were investigated using 36 individually penned lambs (mean live weight 35·2 kg) given three sodium hydroxide treated straw-based diets: low-protein, low-rapeseed meal (control) diet; high protein, high-rapeseed meal (HR) diet; or high-protein, fish meal (FM) diet. The diets were formulated to provide 3 or 9 g undegradable nitrogen per kg dry matter (DM) respectively for the diets without or with fish meal. Diets were offered once a day in a 50: 50 forage-to-concentrate ratio in amounts calculated to support maintenance plus 150 g gain and were adjusted weekly according to live weight. Live-weight gain, measured for 7 weeks, was improved by the FM diet only (P < 0·05).The three diets were given also to rumen-fistulated sheep. The FM diet maintained higher rumen ammonia concentrations during most of the day. The FM and HR diets reduced rumen solid particle outflow rate (P < 0·05) and increased the effective degradability of DM and acid-detergent fibre.

scholarly journals Effect Of Processing Methods Of Bambara Groundnut Offal Diets On Haematology And Carcass Characteristics Of Broiler Finisher Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Torhemen ◽  
B. M. Agabi ◽  
D. S. Adi ◽  
M. Torhemen
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Breast Weight

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of two methods of processing Bambara Groundnut Offal (BGO), toasted and enzyme supplemented in broiler chicken diets on haematology and carcass characteristics of broiler finisher chicken. One hundred and eight (108) four- weeks- old unsexed commercial broiler chicks were divided into three groups (T10% T220% T320%) of 36 birds, each replicated three times with 12 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design and fed for 28 days. Haematological parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) affected. Result of carcass characteristics showed that live weight, eviscerated weight, dressed weight, back weight, drumstick weight, breast weight, thigh weight and caecum weight were significantly (p<0.05) affected. Birds fed enzyme supplemented BGO diets recorded higher weights compared with birds fed toasted BGO and the control diets. Other carcass  characteristics such as wing weight, neck weight, head weight,  shank weight and other internal organ characteristics were not significantly (p>0.05) affected. From the result, significant parameters have shown that birds fed bioenzyme supplemented BGO diets were superior to birds fed toasted BGO and the control diet. It is therefore recommended that 2g/kg bioenzyme supplemented BGO diet should be used at 20% BGO inclusion rate for finishing broiler chicken without adverse effect on the haematology and for increased carcass weight.

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