scholarly journals Biomass allocation to vegetative and reproductive organs of Chenopodium acuminatum Willd. under soil nutrient and water stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxin Huang ◽  
Xueyong Zhao ◽  
Daowei Zhou ◽  
Tianhui Wang ◽  
Guandi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Reproductive Allocation ◽  
Size Dependent

Biomass allocation was size-dependent. Under soil nutrient, the plasticity of the leaf and reproductive allocation was “true” plasticity, the plasticity of stem allocation was “apparent” plasticity, which is dependent on plant size, but there was no plasticity in root allocation. Under soil water stress, the plasticity of root, leaf and reproductive allocation was “true”. In response to population density, the plasticity of stem allocation is “true” plasticity, while the value of the stem allocation is consistent because of the trade off between the effects of plant size and population density. The biomass allocation strategy increases reproductive allocation but decrease leaf allocation with the decrease of soil nutrient, when compared at the same plant size. At lower soil water, the plant allocated more biomass to the root and leaf rather than to reproductive organ. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i1.15873 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(1): 113-121, 2013 (June)

Allometry of Corispermum macrocarpum in response to soil nutrient, water, and population density

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxin Huang ◽  
Xueyong Zhao ◽  
Daowei Zhou ◽  
Yayong Luo ◽  
Wei Mao
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Root Allocation ◽  
Soil Nutrient Content

The allometric effects of Corispermum macrocarpum Bunge in response to soil nutrient content, water content, and population density were compared in a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that biomass allocation was size-dependent. The plasticity of roots, leaf allocation, and reproductive effort was “true” plasticity (i.e., changing biomass allocation in response to environmental conditions regardless of plant size), and no plasticity was detected in stem allocation in response to soil nutrient variation. At a low soil nutrient content, C. macrocarpum allocated more resources to reproductive organs than to roots and leaves at equivalent plant size, but the value of root allocation was consistent because of the trade-off between the effects of plant size and soil nutrient content. In the response to soil water variation, the plasticity of root allocation and reproductive effort was true plasticity, the plasticity of stem allocation was “apparent” plasticity (i.e., changing biomass allocation in response to plant size regardless of environmental conditions), which was caused by plant size, but there was no plasticity in leaf allocation. Except for the true plasticity of root allocation, there was no plasticity in stems, leaves, and reproductive organs in response to population density.

scholarly journals Size-dependent allocation of biomass to ancillary versus flowers of the inflorescences of the epiphyte Tillandsia stricta Soland (Bromeliaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Mantovani ◽  
Ricardo Rios Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Reproductive Allocation ◽  
Heterogeneous Environment ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Size Dependent

The amount of resources invested in reproduction is closely correlated to plant size. However, the increase in reproductive investment is not always proportional to the increase in vegetative growth, as the proportion of plant resources allocated to reproduction can increase, decrease or be maintained along different plant sizes. Although comprising thousand of species, epiphytes are poorly studied in relation to reproductive allocation (RA). We describe the variation in the RA of the epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia stricta Soland with increasing plant sizes. Our goal is not only to evaluate the RA of the whole inflorescence but also quantify the contribution of ancillary structures in the final RA of this plant species. With increasing sizes of T. stricta the reproductive allocation of biomass to the whole inflorescence decreased significantly along plant sizes from 37% to 12%. Reproductive allocation to ancillary and to flowers decreased respectively from 30% to 9% and 10% to 3%. As leaves are the main source of water and nutrients absorption in atmospheric Tillandsia, the total leaf area and area per leaf were used as indicators of foraging capacity, that also increased with plant size. We discuss these results with respect to the capacity of T. stricta to reproduce in the heterogeneous environment of the canopies.

RESPONSE OF BROCCOLI TO FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. MAURER
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Head Formation

Plants of broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. italica, were grown in weighing lysimeters and exposed to five soil water regimes. These regimes restored soil water to field capacity at 88% of available water for the wet treatment, 60% for the medium and 32% for the dry. In the wet–dry and dry–wet regimes, water depletion levels were changed at time of head formation. Soil water stress imposed prior to heading reduced plant size, but yield of marketable heads was not significantly reduced from that of plants grown in the wet regime when an adequate water supply was maintained after heading. Yield of marketable heads was least in the dry and wet–dry regimes and intermediate in the medium regime. Plants in the dry–wet regime did not consume as much water as those in the wet regime during the period from heading to harvest. In maritime areas which do not normally experience excessively high temperatures, withholding irrigation until heads begin to form can be recommended, provided the soil type is capable of retaining moisture and is at field capacity at planting.

Effect of population density on adrenal glands and reproductive organs of CFW mice

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Southwick ◽  
Vivian P. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Albino Strain ◽  
Fixed Population

Young mice of the CFW albino strain were subjected to fixed population densities of 1, 4, 8 and 16 animals/cage after a 3-week period of isolation. After 1 week of such groupings, the animals were sacrificed, the adrenal glands, testes and seminal vesicles were weighed and histological preparations were made of the adrenal glands. The increased adrenal weights and decreased reproductive organ weights reported by Christian ( Am. J. Physiol. 181: 477, 1955; 182: 292, 1955) did not occur in the group means of male populations. Increased relative adrenal weights (mg adrenal weight/gm body weight) did occur in wounded animals of these populations, however. Increased relative adrenal weights of males also occurred in populations containing 50% females. Increased adrenal weight was usually, but not consistently, associated with increased cortical width. Testes weights were unaffected by population density. Seminal vesicle weights declined with increasing population density. Crowding increased fertility in groups of 4 and 8, whereas, it impaired fertility in groups of 16.

Reproductive Organ Education for Psychic Health Development of Early Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Darwati
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Stage Of Development

Reproductive  health education should be given since early childhood by using language that is adapted to the stage of development. If you procrastinate and wait until the teenager it is already too late because in the days of the digital era, as now, all the information can be easily accessed by anyone including children early age. If the early childhood misinformed about their reproductive organs it would disrupt the physical and psychological development due to the wrong behavior in caring for and maintaining reproductive organs. Qur’an as the holy book of Muslims describes the steps of reproduction and  imparting education wisely as well as how to apply such education. This kind of education must be in accordance with the conditions of children and there should not be a lie about it We can also use media and methods such as pictures, songs, tap or other visual  media which can give clearer information, so that children can clearly see parts of the body, their characteristics, and how to treat and care them. The impropriate approach in conveying this kind of knowledge will be very dangerous for children. The provision of early age reproductive organs education can prevent the occurrence of deviant behavior as well as protect children from dangerous influence in early childhood development.

scholarly journals Potassium Application Positively Modulates Physiological Responses of Cocoa Seedlings to Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Esther Anokye ◽  
Samuel T. Lowor ◽  
Jerome A. Dogbatse ◽  
Francis K. Padi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Soil Water Stress

With increasing frequency and intensity of dry spells in the cocoa production zones of West Africa, strategies for mitigating impact of water stress on cocoa seedling survival are urgently required. We investigated the effects of applied potassium on biomass accumulation, physiological processes and survival of cocoa varieties subjected to water stress in pot experiments in a gauzehouse facility. Four levels of potassium (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/plant as muriate of potash) were used. Soil water stress reduced plant biomass accumulation (shoot and roots), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Leaf phenol and proline contents were increased under water stress. Additionally, compared to the well-watered conditions, soils under water stress treatments had higher contents of exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus at the end of the experimental period. Potassium applied under well-watered conditions reduced leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence and increased leaf electrolyte leakage, but improved the growth and integrity of physiological functions under soil water stress. Potassium addition increased biomass partitioning to roots, improved RWC and leaf membrane stability, and significantly improved cocoa seedling survival under water stress. Under water stress, the variety with the highest seedling mortality accumulated the highest contents of phenol and proline. A significant effect of variety on plant physiological functions was observed. Generally, varieties with PA 7 parentage had higher biomass partitioning to roots and better seedling survival under soil moisture stress. Proportion of biomass partitioned to roots, RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf electrolyte leakage appear to be the most reliable indicators of cocoa seedling tolerance to drought.

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