scholarly journals Sero Positivity of Hepatitis B & C Markers Among Non-Icteric Children Attending A Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka City

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Abdul Matin ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Ranjjt Ranjan Roy ◽  
Md Golam Mowla ◽  
ABM Shahidul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Medical University

Background: Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem both in developing and developed countries. Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses can cause important morbidity and mortality and are major causes of acute and chronic liver diseases worldwide and often leads to cirrhosis or primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence of infection varies from country to country and within countries. Aim & objectives: This study was an attempt to evaluate the seroprevalence rate of hepatitis B and C in non-jaundiced children who were admitted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Methods: A total of 100 non-icteric admitted children with different childhood diseases of either sex selected randomly were studied during July 2004 to June 2005 in the Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Bangabandhu Sheesikh Mujib Medical University. Venous blood was tested for HBsAg and anti-HBc (IgM) and anti-HCV viral markers by ELISA technique using kits from Dia Sorin S.n.I, Italy. Results: The HBsAg test was positive among 19.0 %, Anti-HBc (IgM) test positive in 11.0 % and Anti-HCV test positive in 2.0 % non-icteric admitted children. Positivity was higher in male children. HBsAg was positive in 68.4% of male children and 31.5% of female children. Sero positivity was more in the 5-9 years age group. Noseroposivity was related to blood and blood products transfusion in cases of hepatitis B infection. Conclusion: As this study shows high rate of HBsAg and Anti-HBc (IgM) seropositivity among non-icteric sick children, so further studies with appropriate design & sample size are to be conducted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v36i1.13027 Bangladesh J Child Health 2012; Vol 36 (1): 11-15

scholarly journals Hepatitis B & C Viral Markers Status in Icteric Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Matin ◽  
Md. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Md. Al-Amin Mridha ◽  
Md. Golam Mowla ◽  
Rita Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Medical University

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause important morbidity and mortality and are major causes of acute and chronic liver disease worldwide.Objectives: This study was an attempt to evaluate the seroprevalence rate of hepatitis B and C in jaundiced children who were admitted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. This would be helpful to take measure for the prevention of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection in paediatric age group. Methodology: A total of 50 admitted jaundiced children of either sex selected randomly were studied during July 2004 to June 2005 in the Department of Paediatrics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Venous blood was tested for HBsAg and anti-HBcAb (IgM) and anti-HCV viral markers by ELISA.Results: The HBsAg test was positive among 24.0 %, Anti-HBcAb (IgM) test positive in 14.0 %. HBsAg was positive in 66.66% of male children and 33.33% of female children. Sero positivity was more in the 10 years age group. Conclusion: This study shows high rate of HBsAg and Anti- HBcAb IgM seropositivity among icteric sick children so, further studies with appropriate design & sample size to be conducted. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2011;3 (2): 35-37 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v3i2.12075

Eliminating Hepatitis B from Bangladesh by the Year 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Md Golam Mustafa ◽  
Md Shahinul Alam ◽  
Md Golam Azam ◽  
Md Mahabubul Alam ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Government

Worldwide, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major public health problem. Bangladesh having a large burden of HBV infection, should be a major contributor towards it’s elimination by 2030. The country has been making progress in reducing incidence of HBV infection during the past decades. The progresses are mainly due to large vaccination coverage among children and large coverage of timely birthdose vaccine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. However, Bangladesh still faces challenges in achieving target of reduction in mortality from HBV. On the basis of targets of the WHO’s Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021, we highlight priorities for action towards HBV elimination. To attain the target of reduced mortality we propose that, the service coverage targets of diagnosis and treatment should be prioritized along with vaccination. Firstly, improvements are needed in the diagnostic and treatment abilities of medical institutions and health workers. Secondly, the government needs to reduce the costs of health care. Thirdly, better coordination is needed across existing national program and resources to establish an integrated system for prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection. In this way, we can make progress towards achieving the target of eliminating HBV from Bangladesh by 2030 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(3): 145-149

Crucial role of physiotherapy in treating COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Poonam Thakre ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Trupti Deshmukh ◽  
Nikhil Ingole ◽  
Sourabh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sixth International

The emergence in China of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) previously provisionally names 2019-nCoV disease (COVID19) caused major global outbreak and is a major public health problem. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. This present pandemic has engrossed the globe with a high rate of mortality. As a front line practitioner, physiotherapists are expected to be getting in direct contact with patients infected with the virus. That’s why it is necessary for understanding the many aspects of their role in the identification, contains, reduces and treats the symptoms of this disease. The main presentation is the involvement of respiratory system with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and characteristics of pneumonia leads to ARDS(Acute respiratory distress syndrome) also land up in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This text describes and suggests physiotherapy management of acute COVID-19 patients. It also includes recommendations and guidelines for physiotherapy planning and management. It also covers the guidelines regarding personal care and equipment used for treatment which can be used in the treatment of acute adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Vaccinated Children and Adolescents with HBsAg-positive Parents: Is Routine Vaccination Sufficient?

Health Scope ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Bakhshipour ◽  
Manijeh Khalili ◽  
Raheleh Rafaiee
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a severe public health problem in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the intrafamilial transmission of HBV in vaccinated children whose one or both parents were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Methods: In a study with retrospective cohort design, 110 exposed cases with HBsAg-positive parent(s) were compared with 110 unexposed controls of the same sex and age groups. The participants were directly asked about demographic characteristics, medical history, and vaccinations. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for HBV infection markers using the ELIZA method. Results: Overall, 1.8% HBsAg (P = 0.15) and 13.6% hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) (P < 0.0001) positivity rates were detected in the exposed group. The hepatitis B surface antibody titer (HBsAb) showed that 34.5% of cases and 56.3% of controls had HBsAb levels > 10 IU/L. There was a significant difference in the protective HBsAb level between the two groups (P < 0.0001). There were significant associations between HBsAb level and gender in the exposed group and decreased HBsAb levels and age. Conclusions: The high rate of positive HBcAb and HBsAg and decreasing HBsAb levels with age in this study indicate that routine childhood vaccination programs are inadequate in preventing HBV transmission and vaccine routes changing or further booster vaccination is essential. Effective case finding in vaccinated children with HBsAg-positive parents, intradermal vaccination, and hepatitis B immunoglobulin in newborns with HBsAg-positive fathers are suggested.

scholarly journals Simple and Feasible Detection of Hepatitis B Virus via Combination of Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification and Lateral Flow Dipstick Strip

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Ling Sun ◽  
Hai-Yun Lai ◽  
Na-Yu Chong ◽  
Dong-Fan Liu ◽  
Zhen-Yi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Lateral Flow Dipstick ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Rapid Amplification

Hepatitis B virus infection is not only a huge burden in the field of social health but also a major public health problem that affects the lives and health of the people. Simple, rapid, feasible detection of HBV is critical for its prevention and spread, especially in the developing countries with low-resource laboratories. To this end, we combined multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) strip to detect HBV. A pair of primers targeting the conserved region of HBV genome was designed and used in MIRA-LFD assay. Our results found that the entire amplification of MIRA-LFD only takes 10 min at 37°C and the dilution of the amplification products was added in the LFD strip and observed by the naked eye after 10 min. The detection sensitivity of this method can reach 10 pg. The 45 clinical samples were detected by MIRA-LFD and real-time PCR. The accuracy rate of MIRA-LFD was 100%. Therefore, these characteristics of our newly developed MIRA-LFD assay make it particularly useful and suitable for detecting HBV in the resource-limited condition.

scholarly journals Smoking in Latin America: a major public health problem

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S109-S115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva ◽  
Sergio Koifman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Latin American Countries

Smoking has become a major public health problem in Latin America, and its scope varies from country to country. Despite difficulties in obtaining methodologically consistent data for the region, we analyzed the results from prevalence surveys in 14 Latin American countries. Smoking prevalence among men varied from 24.1% (Paraguay) to 66.3% (Dominican Republic) and among women from 5.5% (Paraguay) to 26,6% (Uruguay). By applying point prevalence data to the stage model of the tobacco epidemic in developed countries, we concluded that the Latin American countries are in stage 2, i.e., with a clearly rising prevalence among men, a prevalence for women that is beginning to increase, and mortality attributable to smoking among men still not reflecting peak prevalence. None of the countries analyzed appeared to have reached stage 3, in which one observes a downward trend in prevalence of smoking among men and peak prevalence among women, with broad impact on tobacco-related mortality. The only exception appears to be Paraguay, which is still emerging from stage 1, i.e., with low prevalence rates among men, too. Nevertheless, high lung cancer mortality rates in Uruguay and Argentina are comparable to those of the developed countries.

scholarly journals Zinc Deficiency Is Associated with Anemia Among Children Under 24 Months-of-age in Rural Guatemala (P10-111-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Palacios ◽  
Kristen Hurley ◽  
Silvia De Ponce ◽  
Victor Alfonso ◽  
Nicholas Tilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
York Academy ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Anemia is a major public health problem among young children. In addition to iron deficiency, other micronutrient deficiencies have been associated with anemia. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers associated with anemia in children <5 years from rural Guatemala. Methods A total of 182 infants (6–24 m) and 207 preschoolers (36–60 m) were recruited from community surveillance to participate in a randomized controlled trial of nutrition and child development. Methods included measured weight, length/height and venous blood draws. Inclusion criteria were length/height-for-age z-score <-1.0 and Hb >7.0 g/dL. Cross-sectional analyses using generalized linear mixed models of baseline data examined associations between anemia (Hb <11.0 g/dL) and micronutrient deficiencies, adjusting for maternal, child and sociodemographic variables. Iron deficiency was defined as low ferritin based on inflammation status, and/or high soluble transferrin receptor, ≥1.97 mg/L. Deficiencies for other parameters were designated as: zinc <65 µg/dL; vitamin B12 < 200 pg/mL; and plasma folate <3 ng/mL or erythrocyte folate <100 ng/mL. Results Prevalence of anemia was 56% in infants and 12% in preschoolers. Among anemic infants/preschoolers, rates of iron, zinc, folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies were 83/75%; 63/18%; 3/4%; and 9/0%, respectively. For infants, the odds of anemia were higher when children were zinc deficient [OR = 3.59;95%CI (1.64–7.85)], after adjusting for community cluster, sex, age, maternal education and household size. No biomarkers were associated with anemia in preschoolers. Conclusions Iron and zinc are common micronutrient deficiencies in children from low- and middle-income countries. These findings suggest that micronutrient deficiencies coexist among children in Guatemala, and that zinc should be considered as part of the prevention strategies to reduce anemia. In preschoolers, no biomarkers were associated with anemia, suggesting that other biological and psychosocial factors could be influencing anemia in this age group. Funding Sources The Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition, Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science of the New York Academy of Sciences.

scholarly journals Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections in Seropositive Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Chugh ◽  
Vijay Kumar Garg ◽  
Rashmi Sarkar ◽  
Kabir Sardana
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
North India ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Sexually transmitted diseases are a major public health problem both in developing and in developed countries, and especially with the co-synergy with HIV infection, there is an increasing need to have a proper understanding of the clinicodemographic patterns of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for planning and implementing control strategies. Worldwide, there is an increased preponderance of viral STIs. Increasing incidence and altered clinical presentation of viral STIs in patients with HIV pose a diagnostic challenge; thereby, we studied the demographic profile of HIV-seropositive patients and compared clinical manifestations of viral STIs in HIV-seropositive patients to those in seronegative individuals. Twenty-seven HIV-seropositive patients with viral STI (herpes/molluscum/warts) and same number of age-, sex-, and STI-matched seronegative patients were studied for variability in clinical profile. There were significant differences in the demographic factors (education, income, and migration) and sexual practices (number of contacts and source of infection) in the 2 groups. Lesional symptoms, increased extent of lesions, and resistance to treatment were significantly more common in HIV-seropositive patients.

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus congenital infection – cause of neurosensorial hearing loss

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Dana-Teodora Anton-Păduraru ◽  
◽  
Ana Simona Drochioi ◽  
Delia Bizim ◽  
Angelica-Cristina Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Cytomegalovirus infection is a major public health problem, because annually there are born increasingly more children with this infection. Numerous studies have shown that cytomegalovirus infection is an important cause of hearing loss. Cytomegalovirus infection specific symptoms present at birth are a strong predictor for hearing loss, even in populations with low maternal seroprevalence rate. The severity of deafness due to cytomegalovirus infection is variable. Pathophysiology of deafness caused by cytomegalovirus infection is not well known, the mechanisms possible involved being impaired endolymphatic structures, cytopathic effect of the virus and the host response to the inner ear structures. The relationship between viral load and increased likelihood of deafness in infants supports the role of antiviral therapy in decreasing the incidence and the severity of deafness caused by cytomegalovirus. We consider that monitoring children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection should include also hearing monitoring.

scholarly journals Diuretic treatment in chronic heart failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Camelia C. DIACONU ◽  
◽  
Alice BĂLĂCEANU ◽  
Mihaela Adela IANCU ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Central Pillar

Heart failure is a major public health problem in developed countries. Many of the clinical manifestations of heart failure are due to congestion and fluid retention, therefore diuretic therapy occupied for a long time an important place in the management of these patients. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from the body, each of the classes of diuretics achieving this effect in a distinct manner. Given the magnitude of their effect, loop diuretics are the central pillar of diuretic therapy in many patients with heart failure. Resistance to diuretic therapy is one of the management issues for medical science, which is looking for solutions.

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