scholarly journals CRISPR Cas-9 genome editing and Islam: A religious perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Fazli Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The One ◽  
Minor Disease ◽  
A Minor

Background: Certainly, the ultimate aim of Islamic law is to “protect human life” either through mitigation of hardship or recognition of public interests reckons biomedical innovations allowable where-if cling by ethical, moral and legal principles. Assertively, if–CRISPR Cas- 9 genome editing–methods based on the guided principles of Islamic law and jurisprudence, as “harm has to be redressed” can be justified keeping in view the human dignity, honor and prestige. Hence, newer technologies can be adopted because “necessity renders prohibited things as permissible” with certain caveats. Arguably those who consider it as an evil must think over that “in the presence of two evils, the one whose injury is greater is avoided by the commission of the lesser”. Conclusion: Therefore if Cas-9 based method leaning towards evils, even then it can be acceptable in case where an atypical germ-line sequence can affect the next generation, which is indeed a great evil, and “the lesser of evils is preferred over the greater one” renders it permissible with a view it might enhance human health and living standard. Conversely, curing a minor disease if causing another equal infirmity or greater should be rendered forbidden as “harm cannot be removed by harm”, then, “a greater harm can be removed by a lesser one” germ-line editing/alteration in severe cases will be allowed on the basis of necessity. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(1) 2019 p.7-13

scholarly journals The Maximus of Necessity and Its Application to Organ Transplantation: An Islamic Bioethical Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-524
Author(s):  
Fazli Dayan ◽  
Mian Muhammad Sheraz ◽  
Abu Kholdun Al Mahmood ◽  
Sharmin Islam
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Western World ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Other World

Islam is second largest religion being practiced around the globe. It is fastest growing believe and rapidly expanding in the western world despite several misunderstanding including Islamic standpoint on organ transplantation and tissue grafting. The objective of this study is to determine the Islamic view point on organ transplantation and tissue grafting with special reference pertaining to human needs under the ambit of Shariah doctrine of necessity and world religions. Since, Islam and other world religions have given immense consideration to humans whether they are alive or dead, and the desecration of human body is considered a violation sufficed to a great sin. Injunctions of the holy Quran and Sunnah have evidently expressed sanctity to human life/body. Hence, taking one’s life without a legal rights or even inflicting any sort of harm, injury, and aggression against an individual is terming an unlawful act. Notably, some scholars contended that, classical jurists’ are silent on the issue of organ transplantation predominantly the transfer of organs from one species to another species. But, in reality, our argument is that, the organ re-plantation can be seen in the Prophetic era. However, as per their view, the reason is obvious, since the organ transplantation associated with the advancement of science. Accordingly, the recent progress in transplant sciences were not totally known to the classical jurists, although, issues pertaining to the sale of human organs have been discussed by them (jurists). Similarly, many other innovative matters can be seen in Prophetic traditions, and that is why, as per jurist’s assertion, it can practically be traced in the Prophetic era.Consequently, this study argues that, the permissibility of organ donation and transplantation somehow mentioned in the main sources of Islamic law and biomedical ethics. Therefore, the basis and rules of permissibility will be derived while discussing organ transplantation, particularly in homo, allotransplant and other inter-related issues under the rubric of necessity doctrine. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(3) 2021 p.511-524

scholarly journals PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG SENI

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Darmiko Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Work Atmosphere ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

Art is defined as the expertise to disclose or express ideas and thoughts a esthetics, including the ability and imagination to realize the creation of objects or the work atmosphere capable of inflicting a sense beautiful. Art is diverse and most of it always questionable in terms of Islamic law. In general, the art divided into two: first, sculpture, painting and drawing. And second, sound art. The main problem in sculpture, painting and drawing is if the object of animate beings, because on the one hand there are numbers of hadith that prohibit making images that are either raised or incurred and three dimensions. While on the other hand it has been commonly done in the community, especially in the natural environment that is fertile and rich with a variety of animals created by God as our State that inspired the artists. In addition, the sculpture on the side can be an expression of sheer beauty, it also has benefits for lessons and so on. Furthermore, sound art is a universal cultural phenomenon, practiced by many nations. In the time of the Prophet himself has been known to sing and play music. In terms of general principles of religious teachings that sound art including mu'amalat dunyawiyyah category. Restrictions on the arts (sculpture, painting, drawing, and sound) for their prudence of Muslims. Prudence was intended that they do not fall to the things that are contrary to the values of Islam which is the focal point at that time. Art as an aesthetic manifestation of the spirit of monotheism and not a waste of money but the art necessary for the improvement of human life, promotion of the dignity and the dignity and refining the soul and the mind. If so the purpose of art, then it is possible that the skill and sunnah favor, not against it.

Ethical issues in Kidney Transplantation and “An” Islamic perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yousuf Rathor ◽  
Azarisman SM Shah ◽  
Nur Raziana Bt Rozi ◽  
Che Rosle Draman ◽  
Wan Ahmad Syahril
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Living Kidney Donor

Kidney transplantation (KT) is currently the most realistic treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as it enables them to live longer and provides better quality of life post-transplantation. Before the 1960s, all these patients would die as there was no treatment available. It is the commonest solid organ transplantation carried out in the world at the moment. Organs are harvested from living or cadaveric donors, with living kidney donor organs generally functioning better and for longer periods of time compared to the latter. Issues surrounding organ transplantation in general and kidney transplantation in particular, are fraught with ethical dilemmas due to the shortage of organs, the logistics behind the acquisition of organs, use of living donors including minors and the black market that has sprouted thereof. Entwined in this quagmire are the legal, social and psychological consequences for the individuals involved and the society at large. It is further compounded by religious concerns, which have a significant influence on the society’s acceptance of the practice of organ donation. The practice of organ transplantation is generally accepted by most Islamic scholars as it is concordant to the objectives of Islamic Law (maqasid al Sharī’ah) which prioritize the preservation of human life. However, resistances do arise from some jurists and even physicians of the same Islamic faith despite a fatwas decreeing that organ and tissue transplantations are permissible in Islam under certain conditions. The take-up of organ-donation is still largely poor especially among Muslims. This article therefore hopes to explore the various moral and ethical issues surrounding KT as well as the Islamic viewpoints emanating from it. We hope that this knowledge and understanding will benefit both health-care personnel and the public in general. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.241-249

Perkawinan Sebagai HAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Musyaffa Amin Ash Shabah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Interfaith Marriage ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

This study analyzes same-sex marriage and interfaith marriage in the perspective of HumanRights and Islamic Law. This research is a library research using the juridical-normative approachand descriptive analysis data. The results of the study show that same-sex marriage by nature hasagainst the nature of human life that is born to establish mental and biological bonds between theopposite sex, namely between men and women. The Positive Legal Review emphasizes that in theMarriage Law, it is stated that marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a womanto form a family or household and to carry on offspring and aim at upholding religious teachingsand carrying out customs. On the other hand, Islamic religious law also explicitly prohibits same-sexmarriage. As for the relation to interfaith marriage, if it is legalized, it is a violation of the constitution.Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution states that the State is based on the One Godhead (paragraph 1).The state guarantees the freedom of every resident to embrace his own religion and worship accordingto his religion and belief (verse 2). This article clearly states that the State guarantees every citizento practice his religious teachings. One form of freedom of religious worship is manifested in theimplementation of marriage. Religion regulates the procedures for marriage, including what is allowedand not done. Six religions recognized in Indonesia reject interfaith marriage. The legalization ofinterfaith marriage means that the government does not respect the prevailing rules in religion.

scholarly journals Tawkil Traditions in the Implementation of Marriage Contract in Aceh, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Imran Imran ◽  
Muammar Muammar ◽  
Jauharah Jauharah ◽  
T. Azwar Aziz ◽  
Darmawi Darmawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
Marriage Contract ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Guardian

The existence of guardians in the implementation of marriage contract has been explained in Islamic law in a clear and detailed manner. Guardian for a woman becomes one of pillar in the implementation of the marriage contract, and has a systematic sequence that starts from the main one and moves sequentially to the one after, if the one above is considered ‘uzur. But the primacy of the existence of the guardian is not utilized maximally in the perception of the Acehnese people. So that most people tend to represent the implementation of the marriage contract to other people such as pious people or marriage registration officers. The parental guardian prefers to care for his guardian rights to others even though basically there is no obstacle that hinder him. The problem is the practice law of tawkil marriage in the tradition of Aceh people according to Islamic law review. The results of the study shows that the public perception of the implementation of wakalah (tawkil) marriage is based on an understanding about the ability to be brave in the implementation of the marriage contract. But their understanding is based on habits that occur in the traditions of society, not based on the results of scientific studies. Indeed, the practice of tawkil or wakalah marriage that occurs in Acehnese society does not conflict with religious law, but the implication is the erosion of the erosion of the existence of guardians and the parental guardian in a very memorable contract in the history of a human life.

scholarly journals Kontroversi Hukum Islam Kontemporer (Kajian terhadap Aborsi di Bawah Kehamilan 4 Bulan)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
A. Markarma Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

Discussing the controversy of contemporary Islamic law on abortion, especially under four months of pregnancy, it is always interesting to be discussed. Especially if it is associated with the medical science, the law enforcement and human rights. The law seems to be difficult to touch this matter, then it is compounded with suspected of hiding the practice of abortion in the name of health care. Regardless of the question of whether abortion do so on the basis of health considerations alone or indeed do so on the basis of other reasons, but nonetheless deaths from abortion is very worrying. Abortion was close relation to human rights on the one hand because every woman is entitled to her live a healthy reproductive life, but on the other side of the fetus in the mother's womb are also entitled to live and thrive. Two of these are reaping the benefit of debate among scholars. Some scholars allow and forbid others to submit their respective arguments

scholarly journals Fatwa & Sains Perubatan Moden Menurut Perspektif Maqasid Syariah (Fatwa & Modern Medical Sciences From The Perspective of Maqasid Syariah)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arieff Salleh Rosman ◽  
Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzillah ◽  
Zulkiflee Haron ◽  
Mohd Nasir Ripin ◽  
Aminuddin Hehsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Healthy Family ◽  
Human Intellect ◽  
Healthy Community

Modern medical science and technology innovates various treatment methods that require legal clarification in accordance with Islamic law. Fatwa institutions play a role in producing explanations and solutions that coincide with the objective of Islamic law (maqasid Syariah). Life preservation as one of the objective of Islamic law has a close relationship with medical science. The objective of this article is to analyze the relation of medical science with the the objective of Islamic law and to analyze the application of the objective of Islamic law in the modern fatwa related to medical sciences. This is a qualitative study using content analysis method. The findings show that medical science has a significant relationship with the achievement of the objective of Islamic law. Medical science based on Islamic law can fulfill the five basic needs that are the core of the objective of Islamic law. Medical science that cares for the health of individuals and societies help individuals and communities perform the perfect worship as well as the commitment of religious life with which it can safeguard muslim belief system. Medical science also safeguarding the safety of human life. Human intellect can only be maintained by practicing a healthy living culture. A healthy individual can build a healthy family and society to ensure the survival of human beings with which it can preserve the human descendants. Healthy community members can live productively to preserve their wealth.

The Discussion of the Medical Rehabilitation Mixed-Use District on Multiple Diseases of the Climate in Frigid Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 801-804
Author(s):  
Su Ning Xu ◽  
Xue Jiao Tian ◽  
Fan Di Meng
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Medical Environment ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
One Stop ◽  
The One

Nowadays, there is an upward trend for the need to the medical institutions considerating the increase of the living standard in society. Our medical institutions have been improved as the development of the medical model and the medical science, in which the function of the space becomes various and shows the consideration for human. It is an important task for the medical institutions to improve the environment in service. The project of the regeneration of the brownfields for the cement plant in Daowai District in Harbin gives direction to the building of the medical rehabilitation mixed-use district .It can provide the user with a better medical environment as the exploration of the physically spatial form of the medical rehabilitation mixed-use district on multiple diseases of the climate in frigid areas. Advocating the participation for the patient in the process of the medical treatment can guarantee the quality of users. Our theme is to provide the patient with the one-stop medical service and satisfy the basic demand in direction, safety, comfort degree and esteem to create a welcome medical environment.

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

Use of Different Tissue Thromboplastins in the Control of Anticoagulant-Therapy

1958 ◽  
Vol 02 (05/06) ◽  
pp. 462-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Verstraete ◽  
Patricia A. Clark ◽  
Irving S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Time Test ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor

SummaryAn analysis of the results of prothrombin time tests with different types of thromboplastins sheds some light on the problem why the administration of coumarin is difficult to standardize in different centers. Our present ideas on the subject, based on experimental data may be summarized as follows.Several factors of the clotting mechanism are influenced by coumarin derivatives. The action of some of these factors is by-passed in the 1-stage prothrombin time test. The decrease of the prothrombin and factor VII levels may be evaluated in the 1-stage prothrombin time determination (Quick-test). The prolongation of the prothrombin times are, however, predominantly due to the decrease of factor VII activity, the prothrombin content remaining around 50 per cent of normal during an adequate anticoagulant therapy. It is unlikely that this degree of depression of prothrombin is of major significance in interfering with the coagulation mechanism in the protection against thromboembolism. It may, however, play a minor role, which has yet to be evaluated quantitatively. An exact evaluation of factor VII is, therefore, important for the guidance of anticoagulant therapy and the method of choice is the one which is most sensitive to changes in factor VII concentration. The 1-stage prothrombin time test with a rabbit lung thromboplastin seems the most suitable method because rabbit brain preparations exhibit a factor VII-like activity that is not present in rabbit lung preparations.

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