Maternal and Fetal Outcome of Pregnancy with COVID- 19 in A Tertiary Level Hospital, Bangladesh

Introduction: Pregnant women have long been recognized as a vulnerable population during infectious disease pandemics due to physiological changes in the immune, pulmonary, cardiac and coagulation systems. It is essential to acquire knowledge of pregnancy outcomes, potential complications and neonatal health conditions born to an infected mother with COVID-19. Material and methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Jashore from June 2020 to July 2021 among 100 hospitalized laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 positive pregnant women, patients who had clinical symptoms of COVID but RT PCR negative were excluded. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical profile and maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy. Relevant data were recorded in a preformed data collection sheet and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Among 100 COVID-19 positive hospitalized pregnant women, the mean age of participants was 27years (range 19-40 years), Maximum infection rate observed during 12 to 28 weeks of gestation among the participants, 21% got infected at 37 to 40 weeks of gestation and 20% got infected at 32 to 36 weeks. Seventy-four percent patients underwent delivery during the study & 23% of them continued with ongoing pregnancy; 67 of the participants underwent LUCS and 7 vaginal deliveries were done, 3% had abortion and IUFD 1% ,61% were multipara and 39% were Primipara, associated co-morbidities were subclinical hypothyroidism(15%), pregnancy induced HTN(12%) and GDM(8%); 36% participants were asymptomatic and 44% had mild symptoms, rate of LUCS was higher than (90.64%) vaginal delivery. Among the 73 live births, 80.82% were term and 10.18% were preterm of neonates, small for gestational was seen in the case of 20.55% neonates. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in all neonatal throat swabs and found positive in one case only. Eighty-six percent neonates were well-baby and 9.58% neonates required NICU admission. There were 2 neonatal deaths due to severe prematurity and 2 babies were found to have congenital cardiac anomaly and cleft lip, cleft palate. Though 36% of patients were asymptomatic but 10% were severe and in the critical stage. HDU support needed for 8% of patients and ICU support for 6%. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study supports that pregnant women with COVID-19 infection are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and a low risk of congenital transmission. Availability of ICU in critical conditions is needed for better pregnancy outcomes. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 10-16

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Atrial septal aneurysm in pregnancy: echocardiography and obstetric outcomes

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2019-0351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 369-375

Author(s):

Veciha Özlem Bozkaya ◽

Z. Asli Oskovi-Kaplan ◽

Yaprak Engin-Ustun

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Preterm Births ◽

Cardiac Anomaly ◽

Obstetric Outcomes ◽

Cardiac Complications ◽

Atrial Septal Aneurysm ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Extremely Preterm

AbstractBackgroundAtrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is an uncommon cardiac anomaly that increases maternal morbidity during pregnancy. ASA is related to atrial arrhythmia thromboembolism and it may accompany congenital anomalies such as an atrial septal defect (ASD) or patent foramen ovale (PFO). There are no studies examining pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with ASA. We aimed to investigate the cardiologic parameters and obstetric outcomes of pregnant women diagnosed with ASA.MethodsThis prospective cohort study analyzed 45 pregnant women diagnosed with ASA, who continued their follow-ups in an obstetric tertiary care center.ResultsA total of 45 pregnant women were recruited; seven pregnancies ended before the 20th gestational week (six spontaneous abortion, one fetal anomaly), 38 women gave birth. In total, there were 32 term births (≥37 weeks), six preterm births (<37 weeks), two extremely preterm births <28 weeks). Among 38 babies delivered, several obstetrical complications such as oligohydramnios, spontaneous preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) developed in 16 patients, while 22 women ended with term pregnancy without any complications. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) developed in one patient.ConclusionASA may have an increased risk for cardiac complications during pregnancy and may also be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Increased attention to these entities with more studies is needed in order to determine a potential risk for pregnant women.

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Validation of the SavvyCheckTM Vaginal Yeast Test for Screening Pregnant Women for Vulvovaginal Candidosis: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7030233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Philipp Foessleitner ◽

Herbert Kiss ◽

Julia Deinsberger ◽

Julia Ott ◽

Lorenz Zierhut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Gram Stain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Point Of Care Test ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vulvovaginal Candidosis

Pregnant women have an increased risk of vulvovaginal candidosis. Recurrent candidosis is under debate as a contributor to preterm birth, and vertical transmission may cause diaper dermatitis and oral thrush in the newborn. Apart from cultural methods, the gold standard for diagnosing candidosis is Gram staining, which is time-consuming and requires laboratory facilities. The objective of this prospective study was to validate a point-of-care vaginal yeast detection assay (SavvyCheckÔ Vaginal Yeast Test) and to evaluate it in asymptomatic pregnant women. We enrolled 200 participants, 100 of whom had vulvovaginal candidosis according to Gram stain (study group) and 100 were healthy pregnant controls (control group). Of these, 22 participants (11%) had invalid test results. The point-of-care test of the remaining 85 and 93 study participants in the study and control groups, respectively, showed a sensitivity of 94.1%, specificity of 98.9%, positive predictive value of 90.3%, and negative predictive value of 99.4% when compared with Gram stain. In conclusion, we found a high correlation between the SavvyCheckÔ Vaginal Yeast Test and Gram-stained smears during pregnancy. This suggests a potential role of this point-of-care test as a screening tool for asymptomatic pregnant women in early gestation.

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An Increased Adverse Fetal Outcome Has Been Observed among Teen Pregnant Women in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x21999154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2199915

Author(s):

Haymanot Mezmur ◽

Nega Assefa ◽

Tadesse Alemayehu

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Adult Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Fetal Outcomes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Adverse Fetal Outcome

Background: According to the World Health Organization, teenage pregnancies are high-risk due to increased risks of fetal and infant morbidity and mortality. This study compares adverse fetal outcomes between teen and adult pregnant women from rural Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women visiting maternity units from surrounding rural areas. A total of 481 teenagers (13-19 years old) and 481 adults (20-34 years old) women with a singleton pregnancy were included in the study. Two hospitals and 3 health centers were selected in Eastern Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia. Comparative analysis was carried out using the log-binomial regression model to identify factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in both categories. The results are reported in adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: High proportion of adverse fetal outcome was observed among teenage women than adult (34.9% vs 21%). Statistically significant difference ( P < .05) in the proportion of low birth weight (21.1% vs 9.3%), preterm birth (18.7% vs 10.6%), APGAR score at 5th minute (9.3% vs 4%) were found in teenagers compared to adult women. Antenatal care attendance (APR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.86); eclampsia (APR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.06); pre-eclampsia (APR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.67); and wealth index (rich) (APR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.94) were significantly associated with adverse fetal outcomes among the teenage women. Whereas intimate partner violence (APR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.90); preeclampsia (APR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.61, 5.69); antepartum hemorrhage (APR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.73, 4.46); and hyperemesis gravderm (APR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.79) were significantly associated with adverse fatal outcomes among the adult women. Conclusion: teenage pregnancy is associated with a high rate of adverse fetal outcomes. Early identification and treatment of problems during antenatal follow-up should be the mainstay to avert the massive adverse fetal effects.

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Association between Pre-pregnant Overweight and Obesity and Periodontal Disease during Pregnancy: A Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of Studies in Nursing ◽

10.20849/ijsn.v3i1.207 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eman Ali Abd El Moaty Sheha ◽

Hanan Elzeblawy Hassan ◽

Wafaa Mostafa Ahmed Gamel

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

University Hospital ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Obese Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Obesity is considered а noteworthy public health issue in both developed & developing countries. Among the 1.5 billion overweight individuals worldwide, 300 million of them were obese women. In the general, the prevalence of maternal obesity has increased 60% in the previous two decades with nearly 1 in 3 women now entering pregnancy obese. Also, the periodontаl disease has been observed to be prevalent in pregnant women with the prevalence ranging from 20% to more than 50%, especially economically disadvantaged women.Aim: explore the relation between pre-pregnant overweight and obesity with periodontal disease during pregnancy.Subjects & Methods: cross-sectional study among 400 pregnant women were booked in the high-risk obstetric departments and the antenatal outpatient clinics at governmental general hospitals in El-Fayoum City and governmental university hospital in El-Mansoura city.Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 29.9 ± 6.2 with increase the prevalence of periodontal disease in pregnant women (83.5%). Statistically significant correlation was found between prenatal weight and periodontаl disease during pregnancy (p ≤ 0.0001) with increasing the prevalence of periodontal disease in prenatal obese women (53.2%) and over weight (39.7%) were observed in women who were in their 3rd trimester (р = 0.011). Increase prevalence of periodontal with poor oral hygiene and sedentary activity.Conclusion: increased pre-pregnancy obesity & overweight are positively correlated with periodontal disease prevalence among pregnant women, and Pregnancy itself may also be associated with аn increased risk of periodontal disease.Recommendations: Activating the role of the maternity and community health nurse in branches of Obstetrics and antenatal clinics to enhance pregnant women's knowledge regarding oral health risks of obesity & overweight.

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P–384 First trimester pregnancy outcomes after confirmed SARS-CoV–2 infection in the community; a nationwide prospective longitudinal study of 10,000 pregnant women from the COVID–19 pandemic

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab130.383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

N Balachandren ◽

M Davies ◽

J Hall ◽

D Mavrelos ◽

E Yasmin

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

First Trimester ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Household Contacts ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Early Miscarriage ◽

Study Participants ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Study question Are pregnant women in the community with confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV–2 infection, at increased risk of an early miscarriage? Summary answer Women diagnosed with COVID–19 in their first trimester were not at increased risk of an early miscarriage. What is known already: In the earliest stages of the pandemic, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, independently advised against starting assisted reproductive treatments. At the time of this recommendation, among other reasons, there were concerns about the complications of SARS-CoV–2 during pregnancy and the potential for vertical transmission. We now having growing evidence that pregnant women are at an increased risk of severe illness along with higher rates of preterm births in those with severe acute respiratory syndrome. However, data on the impact of community infections of SARS-CoV–2 in early pregnancy has been sparse. Study design, size, duration This is an online survey study undertaken in the UK between May and November 2020. Pregnant women at any stage in their pregnancy were invited to participate in the study. Study participants were asked to complete online surveys at the end of each trimester. 10, 430 women were recruited to take part in the study. Participants/materials, setting, methods: We analysed pregnancy outcomes from women who were under 13 weeks gestation at the time of registration. We compared miscarriage rates among women with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV–2 infection to healthy controls. Those in the control group had not been diagnosed with or had symptoms of SARS-CoV–2 infection nor did they have any household contacts that were diagnosed with or had symptoms of SARS-CoV–2 infection. Main results and the role of chance 10, 430 pregnant women were recruited to participate in the study. 2934 were under 13 weeks gestation at the time of registration. The median age was 32.6 [IQR 29.8–35.6]. The median gestational age at registration was 8 weeks [IQR [6–10]. 246 women reported a miscarriage before 13 weeks of gestation. The overall miscarriage rate before 13 weeks of gestation was 8.4% (95% CI 7.3%–9.4%). 68 women reported a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV–2 infection in their first trimester. The overall rate of confirmed SARS-CoV–2 infections in the first trimester was 2.3% (95% CI 1.8–2.9%). 3/68 (4.4%) were asymptomatic. Among those reporting symptoms, the commonest symptoms were fatigue (82%), headache (69%) and loss of smell/taste (69%). Only 38% of those with a confirmed diagnosis reported a fever. None of the 68 women with confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV–2 infection were hospitalised. The rate of miscarriage before 13 weeks of gestation in women who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV–2 infections was not significantly higher compared to healthy controls (11.8% versus 9.3%, p = 0.35). A further 35 women had household contacts with confirmed SARS-CoV–2 infection although they themselves had not been diagnosed. No miscarriages were reported in this group. Limitations, reasons for caution None of the 68 patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV–2 were hospitalised. We do not know whether the rate of miscarriage among hospitalised women with SARS-CoV–2 infection is the same as those with community infections. Wider implications of the findings: The overall rate of miscarriage during the pandemic was not higher than rates occurring outside of the pandemic. The rate of miscarriage among women diagnosed with SARS-CoV–2 infection was not significantly higher compared to healthy controls. This data can be used to counsel women planning a pregnancy during this pandemic Trial registration number Not applicable

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Impact of Endometriomas and Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis on Pregnancy Outcomes and on First and Second Trimester Markers of Impaired Placentation

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55090550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

pp. 550

Author(s):

Carolina Scala ◽

Umberto Leone Roberti Maggiore ◽

Fabio Barra ◽

Matteo Tantari ◽

Simone Ferrero

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

First Trimester ◽

Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis ◽

Deep Endometriosis ◽

Birth Prevalence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference

Background and objective: Previous studies did not draw a definitive conclusion about the influence of the role of deep endometriosis (DE) and ovarian endometrioma (OE) as risk factor for developing adverse perinatal outcomes in patients affected by endometriosis. This study aimed to investigate if adverse fetal and maternal outcomes, and in particular the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) infants, are different in pregnant women with OE versus pregnant women with DE without OE. Material and methods: This study was based on a retrospective analysis of a database collected prospectively. The population included in the study was divided into three groups: patients with OE, patients with DE without concomitant OE, and patients without endometriosis (controls). The controls were matched on the basis of age and parity. Demographic data at baseline and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in first trimester levels of PAPP-A, first and mid-pregnancy trimester mean Uterine Artery Doppler pulsatile index, estimated fetal weight centile, and SGA fetuses’ prevalence for patients with OE, and those with DE without OE in comparison to health women; moreover, there was no statistically significant difference with regard to SGA birth prevalence, prevalence of preeclampsia, and five-minute Apgar score between these three groups. Conclusions: The specific presence of OE or DE in pregnant women does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of delivering an SGA infant. These data seem to suggest that patients with endometriosis should be treated in pregnancy as the general population, thus not needing a closer monitoring.

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An Increased Risk of Stunting among Newborns in Poorer Rural Settings: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study among Pregnant Women at Selected Sites in Rural Cambodia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16214170 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (21) ◽

pp. 4170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Margit Steinholt ◽

Sam Ha ◽

Chandy Houy ◽

Jon Odland ◽

Maria Odland

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Study Groups ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Toxic Trace Elements ◽

Future Studies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Rural Settings ◽

Blood And Urine Samples ◽

Study Sites

We conducted an observational study of 194 pregnant women from two different study sites in rural Cambodia. Socioeconomic and anthropometric data was obtained from the women and their newborns. In addition, we collected blood and urine samples from the women for further analyses in planned papers. There were significant differences between the two study groups for clinical outcomes. The mothers from the poorer area were shorter and weighed less at the time of inclusion. Their babies had significantly smaller head circumferences and a lower ponderal index. Conclusion: There are significant anthropometric differences between women and their newborns from two separate study sites in Cambodia. Possible associations between stunting and exposure to Persistent Toxic Substances (PTS) as organochlorines and toxic trace elements will be investigated in future studies.

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Prevalence of food insecurity in pregnant women and its association with gestational weight gain pattern, neonatal birth weight, and pregnancy complications in Hamadan County, Iran, in 2018

Agriculture & Food Security ◽

10.1186/s40066-020-00267-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farideh Kazemi ◽

Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi ◽

Arezoo Shayan ◽

Seyedeh Zahra Shahidi Yasaghi

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background The results of some studies have indicated the association between food insecurity and certain adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity in pregnant women and its association with pregnancy outcomes and complications. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 772 mothers who visited comprehensive health service centers during the first 10 days after delivery in 2018. The tools included the demographic and midwifery information questionnaire and an 18-item questionnaire devised by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results 67.5% of pregnant women had food insecurity. The multivariate analysis showed that birth weight decreased with the increase in the severity of food insecurity, but the reduction was not statistically significant. Based on the results, food insecurity had no statistically significant impact on the mothers’ weight gain pattern (p = 0.13). The risk of hypertension/preeclampsia and anemia was not related to food insecurity. Compared with the food-secure group, the probability of gestational diabetes was 56% lower in the food-insecure group without hunger and 61% lower in the food-insecure group with moderate hunger; however, in the food-insecure group with severe hunger, this probability was 1.5 times more than the food-secure group, which is not statistically significant. Conclusions The prevalence of food insecurity was high in pregnant women. Maternal weight gains during pregnancy and birth weight (despite being statistically insignificant) were affected by this condition; therefore, it is necessary to identify women with food insecurity on their first pregnancy visit; it is also crucial to take steps towards improving their health through allocating a family food basket and nutritional support for these women at least during pregnancy. Due to the limited sample size and inability to control the potential confounders, the association between food insecurity during pregnancy and the incidence of pregnancy complications could not be reached, hence the need for more studies.

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Assessment of Thyroid Function in Early Pregnancy

Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjnm.v19i2.35864 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Mohammad Saifur Rahman ◽

Sadia Sultana ◽

Ayesha Nazneen

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

First Trimester ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

In Pregnancy

Objectives: Thyroid disorders are commonly observed in pregnancy. Thyroid hormones play an important role in embryogenesis and fetal development. The fetus is completely dependent on the mother for thyroid hormone in first trimester. About 10% of all pregnant women can be affected by thyroid disorders during pregnancy. Thyroid function abnormalities in pregnancy are a challenge for the concerned physicians. The objective of this study was to assess the maternal thyroid function in first trimester of pregnancy.Patients and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at the Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka over a period of one year from January 2013 to December 2013 to see the serum FT3, FT4, TSH, thyroid antibodies level and common thyroid disorders in pregnancy. A total of 138 pregnant women in their first trimester (up to 12 weeks) of pregnancy with an age range of 18-35 years were enrolled in this study. Pregnant women with known thyroid disorder and on treatment and pregnancy more than three months were excluded. Measurement of serum FT3, FT4, TSH, Anti TPO-Ab and Anti TG-Ab were done in each patient at the time of enrolment. Ultrasonography of each patient was done for confirmation of pregnancy and correlation of gestational age.Results: Among 138 pregnant women, subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in 10 (7.2%) patients and subclinical hyperthyroidism was detected in 3 (2.2%) patients. Mean difference of the investigation findings were not statistically significant among primi and multi gravida. TPO-Ab and TG-Ab difference were statistically significant between two age groups.Conclusion: Subclinical thyroid disorders are fairly high among pregnant women. Correct diagnosis in early pregnancy and prompt treatment will bring an excellent prognosis for both mother and offspring.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 19(2): 98-102, July 2016

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COVID-19 in women with rheumatic disease who are pregnant: Data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.210480 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jrheum.210480

Author(s):

Bonnie L. Bermas ◽

Milena Gianfrancesco ◽

Helen L. Tanner ◽

Andrea M. Seet ◽

Mathia C. Aguiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatic Disease ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Supplemental Oxygen ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Specific Medication ◽

Time Of Infection ◽

Term Births ◽

Poor Outcomes

Objective To describe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy outcomes in patients with rheumatic disease who were pregnant at the time of infection. Methods Since March 2020 the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (GRA) has collected cases of patients with rheumatic disease with COVID-19. We report details of pregnant women at the time of COVID-19 infection, including obstetric details separately ascertained from providers. Results We report on 39 patients, including 22 with obstetric detail available. The mean and median age was 33 years, range 24-45 years. Rheumatic disease diagnoses included: rheumatoid arthritis (n=9), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=9), psoriatic/other inflammatory arthritides (n=8) and anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (n=6). Most had a term birth (16/22), with 3 pre-term births, one termination, one miscarriage and one woman yet to deliver at time of report. A quarter (n=10/39) of pregnant women were hospitalised following COVID-19 diagnosis. Two of 39 (5%) required supplemental oxygen (both hospitalised); no patient died. The majority did not receive specific medication treatment for their COVID-19 (n=32/39, 82%), seven patients received some combination of anti-malarials, colchicine, anti-IL-1beta, azithromycin, glucocorticoids, and lopinavir/ritonavir. Conclusion Women with rheumatic diseases who were pregnant at the time of COVID-19 had favourable outcomes. These data have limitations due to the small size and methodology, though they provide cautious optimism for pregnancy outcomes for women with rheumatic disease given the increased risk of poor outcomes that have been reported in other series of pregnant women with COVID-19.

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