Benefits of Vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis E. André†
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Excellent Safety Profile ◽  
Developed Nations

Vaccines in routine use around the world have been shown to be clinically well-tolerated and in double-blind randomized prospective controlled field trials – to be efficacious. Furthermore, they have been proven to be effective in routine vaccination programmes worldwide. They have had an excellent safety profile. Vaccinated individuals will face a greatly reduced danger of contracting the targeted disease with a minimal risk of serious side-effects. Should the vaccine fail to give complete protection, the severity of the "breakthrough" disease and its accompanying complications will, in most cases, be less than among the unvaccinated. Mortality, if a possible outcome, will also be greatly reduced. Mass vaccination of children in developed nations have brought many vaccine-preventable diseases under control or even eliminated them. Vaccines have made erstwhile lethal infectious diseases so rare that they have become "victims of their own success" to the point that uninformed people query the necessity of continuing to use them. Unless a disease is eradicated on a global scale – as has been achieved for smallpox and will soon be for poliomyelitis – vaccination cannot cease since the pathogen will quickly reappear and spread with dire consequences. Elimination of disease has many socio-economic, educational, and geo-political advantages. Healthy children grow to become well-educated and productive citizens that live longer. Increased life-expectancy brings prosperity and wealth buys health. Reduced infant mortality will put a brake on population growth in less developed countries and ease pressure on land and food – a determinant of belligerence. Vaccines are a powerful tool to foster equity and peace in the world.

scholarly journals “Conquering COVID: How Global Vaccine Inequality Risks Prolonging the Pandemic”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L Oehler ◽  
Vivian R Vega
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Vaccine Availability

Abstract The development of effective vaccines during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been credited as a towering achievement in modern science. Since the end of 2020, the vaccine rollout has offered the promise of vanquishing the pandemic in the United States and other developed countries. Even as the U.S. and other wealthier nations encounter both setbacks and successes in their COVID-19 eradication efforts, developing countries around the world are likely to face far less fortunate fates. With much of the world’s vaccine production and distribution capacity reserved by wealthier nations, impoverished countries stand to face devastating financial, social, and health-related impacts. The consequences of this disparity will resonate deeply into the collective fabric of these countries, ensuring that the economic and geopolitical imbalance between developed and developing nations will widen even more substantially. Wealthier countries must do more to eliminate the inequality that exists in widespread SARS-CoV-2 vaccine availability in less-developed nations. Like HIV, TB, Malaria, and other global epidemics, COVID-19 cannot be forgotten just because the pandemic is eventually contained from the shores of wealthier nations. For as long as the pandemic rages in any corner of the globe, the world will never be truly rid of COVID-19. And all nations, rich or poor, will suffer the consequences.

Beyond North and South: The Second Coming of the World Economy

Worldview ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Novak
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
International Economic Cooperation ◽  
Systemic Problems ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
North And South ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

The world economy and international economic institutions are in trouble. That, at least, is the opinion in informed circles following the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC) held in Paris last spring. There is a growing realization that CIEC failed to grapple with the systemic problems the world economy faces, a failure that threatens developing and developed countries alike.Despite Secretary of State Cyrus Vance's dramatic call for a “new international economic system,” the Paris conference failed to address systemic issues. Instead, the developed nations of the North angled for a separation of the issues of energy from those of development; and the developing countries of the South closed ranks by linking the two. Consequently neither side truly debated the crushing problems of the world economy.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Sino-UK Postgraduate Professional Degree Education and Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p16
Author(s):  
Muchun Wan ◽  
Wenzhong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Control System ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Professional Degree ◽  
Developed Nations

Chinese postgraduate professional degree education has undergone 26 years of development, and has achieved a great progress. But compared with the developed nations in the world, China is still in its infantry stage, and needs to learn from the western developed countries’ experiences in this field. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the differences between China and UK in postgraduate professional degree education. It finds that there are significant differences between the two countries in the aspects of programme setting, schooling duration, admissions, curriculum design, teaching delivery, quality control system, etc. The findings imply that China should try to give more authority to universities in programme setting and admissions, and Chinese universities should innovate ways of teaching delivery and systems of quality control.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF COSMPOLITANISM IN THE CONTEXT OF WESTERN VIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.Zh. Abzhaparova ◽  
◽  
L.N. Abdrazakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stateless Society ◽  
Western View

This article describes that cosmopolitanism reflects the nature of capital, striving towards where the best conditions are created for it and it is possible to obtain the greatest benefit. In the history of industrially developed countries, a complex interaction of cosmopolitanism with the idea of a nation-state is traced. The elements of cosmopolitanism were also present in communist ideology. It is in the context of cosmopolitanism that his basic thesis of building a classless and stateless society on a global scale can be interpreted. In the USSR, where during the first decade of Soviet power the expectation of a world revolution was replaced by the predominance of political principles in politics, the concept of cosmopolitanism acquired a persistently negative meaning and was perceived as a bourgeois ideology. After World War II, the state periodically campaigned to combat "rootless cosmopolitanism" and adultery in the face of Western scientific and cultural achievements. Furthermore, we can point out that a different interpretation of cosmopolitanism has led to frictions of various kinds. In essence, it should have been one of the most important factors in solving world problems. In this research work, special attention is paid to the notion of cosmopolitanism in the context of the current situation in the world. An important problem is the place of the human being in the world as a matter of philosophy or the place of the human being in the system of state politics as a matter of political science.

scholarly journals TOURISM AS A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PHENOMENON

2017 ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Mass

The article reveals the multifaceted nature of tourism as a global scale social phenomenon. Tourism embraces nearly all aspects of our society. The main directions and tasks of its research by various sciences are disclosed. The necessary of integrating a number of subjects to study tourism is underlined. Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, which is induced by the natural and cultural diversity of the world. The essence of tourism as a travel define the context of geographical researches on tourism, in particular, there are researches on geography of tourist resources and flows, sustainable destinations management. Tourism as a social phenomenon has a variety of social-cultural impacts in all sociological dimensions. The main aspects of sociological researches of tourism have resulted in tourists’ typology and theory of “hosts and guests” relations. The modern mass international tourism is regarded in this article as a symbol of the postmodernism society. The economic and environmental effects of tourism are determined. As a key sector for economic development and job creation (for both men and women) throughout the world, tourism is one of the strongest drivers of global trade and prosperity. Tourism directly contributed US$2.3 trillion and 109 million jobs worldwide in 2016. It is revealed that tourism in many developing and least developed countries is the most viable and sustainable economic development option, and in some countries, the main source of foreign exchange earnings. Tourism impacts on the natural environment in various ways. Some forms of tourism can be extremely detrimental to ecologically sensitive areas, resulting in their degradation or destruction. The role of tourism in strengthening international economic relations, maintaining peace and stability in the world is also noted. It is determined that tourism can reduce prejudice among individuals, influences national institutions, structures and attitudes to create and sustain peaceful societies.

Brain Drain within the ECOWAS Region

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Akin Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specialized Human Capital ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Brain

The “Brain Drain” phenomenon has been characterized as the dramatic migration often permanently, of specialized human capital from developing to the technologically advanced countries of the world, particularly to the United States of America and Canada where there are better work facilities, and attractive remunerations for professionals such as physicians, surgeons, engineers, lawyers and others. Apart from these relative economic opportunities, the prevalence of political stability and freedom in the developed countries serves as an attractive force for the lamentable loss of intellectuals and professionals from the developing to the developed nations.

scholarly journals The Global Economy During COVID-19: A Study on Increasing Disparity

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ariful Islam ◽  
Syed Masrur Tehzib
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Business World ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Second Wave

COVID-19 has become an ongoing issue in the present business world. The topic raises confusion and debate over many resolved issues. Not only the developing but also developed countries faced the heat-shock of this micro-infectious agent. But the power to regain and cope with the uncertainty has not been the same everywhere. To some extent, the developed nations have been able to tackle the bad days with their enriched resources, manpower and efficient system whereas this has become a total collapse for the developing and underdeveloped nations. Inefficiency and lack of social security have made life unbearable for the general people in these areas. What is the condition of the vaccination program? Whereas it is costly for the developed nations, it has simply become a dream for the developing nations. No one knows when the world will get a hundred per cent population with vaccination. In this paper we will cover these issues also we will take a look at the ravages of the pandemic in both worlds, as well as identifying the amalgamation of reasons behind the terrible second-wave in India and other developing nations.

scholarly journals Income from Tickets Sale in Georgian Football Clubs

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Shota Gogitauri
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ticket Sales ◽  
National Team ◽  
Sports Industry ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
The World ◽  
Sport Industry

Georgia has a big history in football, many famous Georgian players played for the national team. Football is one of the most popular sport in Georgia. Ticket sales income is one of the main source of football teams. Ticket selling and merchandising is one the most important thing for big clubs, their legal and financial resources are directed towards from the tickets income. We have a serious problem in Georgia, Georgian clubs did not have ticket selling and they don’t have income from tickets. The clubs are not selling tickets and they don’t have income from ticket selling, they don’t have seasonal tickets, which one has one of the most important role in modern clubs. Sport has an important role in establishing the healthy lifestyle. The development of Sport has an important role as in developing as well in high-developed countries. Sport clearly expresses the cultural, social and economical situation on a global scale. For businessmen who are buying clubs, the big part of the motivation is gaining power and respect. Usually, they are fans of the club that they are buying. Most of them want to be famous not only in their own field. Additionally, the most important goal of football clubs is to maximize their revenue. However they are acting according to the money they have, they must do financial balance. Teams are thinking to get the important role in international market tickets and seasonal tickets. Football is currently the most popular sport in the world. In the season 1999/2000, the professional English football league (Premier league) became the first league in the world to pass one billion Euros income marks. (Vopel, 2011) The average club/wages-turnover ratio has increased continuously over the last decade: the total wages and salaries figures in 1999/2000 season were 747 Million Pound Sterlings. Football is a massive sport. People are playing football in every country. Businessmen’s are trying to invest money in football. This sport is one of the biggest sport in the world. In modern life, sport is a big business. To get the success, many things to do are necessary. It is difficult to examine sport as a singular entity. In fact, the multifaceted-sport industry includes such diverse segments as the sport-related media, legal and financial services, sponsorships, advertising, endorsements, ticketing, events, facility operations, wholesale and retail sporting goods, education, nonprofit work, community development, entertainment, gaming, recreation, sport tourism. Sports participants, spectators and business managers hold unique interests in the sports industry. Stakeholders also include educators, tourists, gamblers and gamers. (Baker & Esherick, 2013). Keywords: Income from ticket selling; Financing systems; Management; Salary; Merchandising.

scholarly journals The world-wide waste web

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Estrada ◽  
Johann Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Chemical Fingerprints ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed Nations

Abstract Globally, 7-10 billion tonnes of waste are produced annually1,2, including 300-500 million tonnes of hazardous wastes (HW) --explosive, inflammable, toxic, corrosive, and infective ones3,4. About 10%5 of these HW are traded through a world-wide waste web (W4). The volume of HW traded through the W4 in the last 30 years has grown by 500%6 and will continue to grow7, creating serious legal8, economic6, environmental9 and health10 problems at global scale. Here we investigate the tip of the iceberg of the W4 by studying networks of 108 categories of wastes traded among 163 countries in the period 2003-2009. Although, most of the HW were traded between developed nations, a disproportionate asymmetry existed in the flow of waste from developed to developing countries. Using a dynamical model we simulate how waste congestion propagates through the W4. We identify 32 countries with poor environmental performance which are at high risk of waste congestion. Therefore, they are a threat of improper handling and disposal of HW. We found contamination by heavy metals (HM), by volatile organic compounds (VOC) and/or by persistent organic pollutants (POP), which were used as chemical fingerprints (CF) of the improper handling of HW in 94% of these countries.

The “Outgoing Strategy” of Chinese Companies

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Tim Wong
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
International Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Chinese Enterprises ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Competitiveness Of Enterprises

The globalization of economics and China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) have brought new opportunities and challenges to Chinese enterprises. Taking the sense of globalization, China is participating in global resource allocation, expanding and utilizing the market on the global scale, actively participating in international division and cooperation, and implementing international operation are important steps for Chinese enterprises to go abroad and seize the initiative in the global economic competition. In China, the strategy of “going out” is still at the initial stage. Compared with the developed countries, there is still a large gap between China and other developed countries in terms of investment amount, enterprise scale, and internationalization. China enterprises can adapt to the changing environment of international market; the key is to improve the competitiveness of enterprises in the international market, which is a crucial step in expanding Chinese enterprises' international market.

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