scholarly journals Use of virginiamycin improves performance of high-prolific sows during gestation and lactation over two cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e363101421880
Author(s):  
Bruno Alexander Nunes Silva ◽  
Leonardo David Tuffi Santos ◽  
Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna ◽  
Carlos Junior Kippert ◽  
Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Milk

Feed additives can be used as potential strategies to enhance the efficiency of nutrient utilization by the sow can impact on the reduction of feed costs and in addition improve sow and litter health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the supplementation of virginiamycin (VM) in diets for gestating and lactating sows over two consecutive productive cycles on the animals productive and reproductive performance. Sows that received VM showed a lower BW, body protein and energy losses during both lactations when compared to control sows (P = 0.001). VM treatment increased (+6%; P = 0.001) piglet weaning weight. The litter daily gain was also influenced (P = 0.001) by the treatments were litters from VM fed sows showed an improved daily gain when compared to control sows (2.61 vs. 2.24 kg d-1 respectively). Average daily milk production improved by 17% (P = 0.001) in the VM sows when compared with the control. Also, an improvement in milk fatty acid profiles were found in sows fed VM. As a conclusion, we can infer that the constant use of VM in the diets of sows during gestation and lactation improves both sow and litter performance.

scholarly journals Feeding Models to Optimize Dairy Feed Rations in View of Feed Availability, Feed Prices and Milk Production Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Othman Alqaisi ◽  
Eva Schlecht
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Milk

In the global dairy production sector, feed ingredient price and availability are highly volatile; they may shape the composition of the feed ration and, in consequence, impact feed cost and enteric methane (CH4) emissions. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of changes in feed ingredients’ prices and feed ingredients’ availability on dairy ration composition, feed cost and predicted methane yield under different levels of milk production. To meet the research aim, a series of multi-period linear programming models were developed. The models were then used to simulate 14 feed rations formulations, each covering 162 months and three dairy production levels of 10, 25 and 35 kg milk/d, representing a total of 6804 feed rations altogether. Across milk production levels, the inclusion of alfalfa hay into the feed rations declined from 55% to 38% when daily milk production increased from 10 to 35 kg, reflecting the cows’ increased energy requirements. At a daily milk production level of 35 kg, CH4 production (per kg milk) was 21% and 53% lower than in average and low milk producing cows, respectively, whereas at 10 kg of milk production the potential to reduce CH4 production varied between 0.6% and 5.5% (average = 3.9%). At all production levels, a reduction in CH4 output was associated with an increase in feed costs. Overall, and considering feeding scenarios in low milk producing cows, feed cost per kg milk was 30% and 37% higher compared to that of average and high milk production, respectively. The feed ration modeling approach allows us to account for the interaction between feed ingredients over time, taking into consideration volatile global feed prices. Overall, the model provides a decision-making tool to improve the use of feed resources in the dairy sector.

scholarly journals Short-term rate of milk synthesis and expression interval of preterm mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Tat Lai ◽  
Alethea Rea ◽  
Leon R Mitoulas ◽  
Jacqueline C Kent ◽  
Karen Simmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maximum Interval ◽  
Daily Milk

AimTo determine the impact of the pumping regimes of women with preterm infants on the daily milk production, and on the short-term rate of milk synthesis during early lactation to support evidence-based recommendations for optimising milk production.MethodsMothers of preterm infants (n=25) recorded start time, finish time and expression volumes from every breast expression on days 10, 15–20 postpartum.ResultsExpressing more often than five times per day did not result in a significant increase in daily milk production. Milk volume per expression per breast increased for intervals between expressions of between 2and6 hours then reached a plateau when the interval between expression was 7 hours or longer. The short-term rate of milk synthesis decreased as the interval between expressions increased until about 7.5 hours at which point it begun to increase (p value associated with interval between expressions^2<0.001).ConclusionThe strong inverse association between the short-term rate of milk synthesis and the interval between expressions for intervals up to 7 hours suggest that the maximum interval between expressions should be 7 hours. Data suggest that, on average, the mothers should express at least five times a day to maximise daily milk production. Considering inter-individual variation, determination of an individual mother’s maximum interval between expressions that does not compromise the short-term rate of milk synthesis will help to optimise daily milk production while minimising the demands on the mother’s time.

scholarly journals Improvement of the cattle breeding industry based on the application of polymicrobiological feed addi-tives "Yarosil"

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Yuri Yanisovich Kravainis ◽  
Alexander Vladimirovich Konovalov ◽  
Raisa Stepanovna Kravaine ◽  
Vitaly Yuryevich Morozov ◽  
Roman Vladimirovich Shkrabak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Input Rate ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

In the work carried out at Dzerzhinsky Plemzavod OJSC in the Yaroslavl region of the Yaroslavl region, the effect of the feed additive, Yarosil, fed to heifers during pregnancy, on young cows, was studied. It was established that the feed additive "Yarosil" had a prolonged positive effect on the body of first-calf heifers, which was expressed in improving the quality of household and normalizing physiological parameters. Feeding the feed additive “Yarosil” in the amount of 35 ml per animal per day increased the milk productivity of young cows for lactation by 562.5 kg - 12.10%, the average daily milk yield by 1.81 kg - 12.03%, while reducing feed costs by 1 kg of milk per 10.55% feed. units, reduced the service period by 21.2–16.77% of the day, the insemination index by 26.70%. The economic effect per heifer increased due to milk production by 3375.00 rubles. - 12.10%, sperm dose saving by 96.90 rubles - 26.70%. With an increase in the input rate by a factor of 2 (70 ml per animal per day), milk production per lactation increased by 1111.6 kg - 23.91%, average daily milk yield by 3.22 kg - 21.39%, while reducing feed costs by 1 kg of milk per 18.95%, feed. units, the service period decreased by 24,3–19,22% of the day, the insemination index by 27.74%. The economic effect per one heifer increased due to: milk production by 6669.60 - 23.91% rubles, saving sperm doses by 100.70 – 27.74% rubles. Regardless of the input rate, the feed additive “Yarosil” reduced the incidence by 16,67%, ensured 100% safety without the use of medical agents, increasing this indicator by 8.33%, and increased the economic effect due to the absence of the need for treatment costs by 7714, 00 rub., And safety for 28064.77 rub. The research results allowed to identify additional reserves for increasing the efficiency of the livestock industry with the rational use of feed, based on the use of feed additives "Yarosil" in the amount of 70 ml per animal per day.

scholarly journals Use of enzymatic-probiotic preparations in feeding of lacting cows at jsc “Plemzavod Rodina”

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Anastasia Sergeevna Litonina ◽  
Andrey Viktorovich Platonov ◽  
Julia Mikhailovna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Milk

The article reviews the effectiveness of the usage of enzyme-probiotic preparations “Rumit” and “Cellobacterin+” in feeding lactating cows. The test of enzyme-probiotic additives was carried out in the fall of 2019 in the conditions of JSC “Plemzavod Rodina” of the Vologda region. To study the impact of additives on the level of milk productivity, three groups of animals were formed by the method of balanced groups taking into account live weight, age, blood count, and productivity. The group of animals that received “Cellobacterin +” as an additive of 50 g per day for each head exceeded the control in terms of daily milk yield by 2.9% with a higher fat content of 0.01% and protein by 0.05% at lower food costs per product unit of 5%. High efficiency was also observed while using“Rumit” in feeding, the daily milk yield of cows’ basic fat contentin the experimental group exceeded the control by 7.4%, the yield of milk fat – by 4.7%, and protein – by 5.6%. Feed costs for products in this group were 7% lower in comparison with the control group. Due to the increase of per day milk productivity from one head, it is possible to get additional profit while feeding “Rumit” in the amount of 24.50 rubles, and while using “Celobacterin+” – 15.44 rubles.

scholarly journals Grid search approach to discriminate between old and recent inbreeding using phenotypic, pedigree and genomic information

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattarapol Sumreddee ◽  
El Hamidi Hay ◽  
Sajjad Toghiani ◽  
Andrew Roberts ◽  
Samuel E. Aggrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Grid Search ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background Although inbreeding caused by the mating of animals related through a recent common ancestor is expected to have more harmful effects on phenotypes than ancient inbreeding (old inbreeding), estimating these effects requires a clear definition of recent (new) and ancient (old) inbreeding. Several methods have been proposed to classify inbreeding using pedigree and genomic data. Unfortunately, these methods are largely based on heuristic criteria such as the number of generations from a common ancestor or length of runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments. To mitigate these deficiencies, this study aimed to develop a method to classify pedigree and genomic inbreeding into recent and ancient classes based on a grid search algorithm driven by the assumption that new inbreeding tends to have a more pronounced detrimental effect on traits. The proposed method was tested using a cattle population characterized by a deep pedigree. Results Effects of recent and ancient inbreeding were assessed on four growth traits (birth, weaning and yearling weights and average daily gain). Thresholds to classify inbreeding into recent and ancient classes were trait-specific and varied across traits and sources of information. Using pedigree information, inbreeding generated in the last 10 to 11 generations was considered as recent. When genomic information (ROH) was used, thresholds ranged between four to seven generations, indicating, in part, the ability of ROH segments to characterize the harmful effects of inbreeding in shorter periods of time. Nevertheless, using the proposed classification method, the discrimination between new and old inbreeding was less robust when ROH segments were used compared to pedigree. Using several model comparison criteria, the proposed approach was generally better than existing methods. Recent inbreeding appeared to be more harmful across the growth traits analyzed. However, both new and old inbreeding were found to be associated with decreased yearling weight and average daily gain. Conclusions The proposed method provided a more objective quantitative approach for the classification of inbreeding. The proposed method detected a clear divergence in the effects of old and recent inbreeding using pedigree data and it was superior to existing methods for all analyzed traits. Using ROH data, the discrimination between old and recent inbreeding was less clear and the proposed method was superior to existing approaches for two out of the four analyzed traits. Deleterious effects of recent inbreeding were detected sooner (fewer generations) using genomic information than pedigree. Difference in the results using genomic and pedigree information could be due to the dissimilarity in the number of generations to a common ancestor. Additionally, the uncertainty associated with the identification of ROH segments and associated inbreeding could have an effect on the results. Potential biases in the estimation of inbreeding effects may occur when new and old inbreeding are discriminated based on arbitrary thresholds. To minimize the impact of inbreeding, mating designs should take the different inbreeding origins into consideration.

PSIII-13 Effects of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Products on Lactating Sow Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
Ricardo M Garcia ◽  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Kayla M Mills ◽  
Jacob A Richert ◽  
Katharine G Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Lactating Sows

Abstract Lactating sows (N=140, York x Landrace) were used to evaluate the effects of a liquid prototype (LIQP) and dry (XPC®; Diamond V) Saccharomyces cerevisiae feed additives on sow and litter performance. Sows were fed a common gestation diet (0.55% SID-Lysine) until d112 of pregnancy and then allotted to lactation treatments: 1) Control diet (CON; 1.00% SID-Lysine), 2) CON +15 mL of LIQP from d112 to weaning (LIQ), 3) CON +0.20% of XPC from d112 to weaning (DRY), and 4) DRY +15 mL of LIQP from d112 to d7 post-farrowing (D+L). The LIQP was given once daily using an oral dose gun and XPC was included in the feed. Immunoglobulin concentrations were estimated on colostrum samples using Brix refractometer and piglet d 1 serum immunocrit ratio and plasma IgA and IgG. Daily sow water intake and daily feed intake (DFI) from d112 of gestation to d7 post-farrowing and weekly feed intake (ADFI) were recorded. There were no treatment effects on sow BW, backfat, or loin depth (P &gt;0.05) although sows from LIQ group had numerically smaller BW reductions compared to CON sows (4.9% vs 7.2%, P=0.19). LIQ sows had greater DFI and CON lower DFI during week 1 of lactation (P=0.04) as well as ADFI for weeks 2, 3, and overall lactation period (P&lt; 0.01) with DRY and D+L sows being intermediate. Water intake, immunoglobulins, and litter performance did not differ among treatments (P &gt;0.05) although pigs from LIQ sows, compared to CON, had numerically increased weaning (6.14 vs 5.82kg, P &gt;0.05) and litter weights (63.2 vs 60.1kg, P &gt;0.05). LIQ sows had 0.7 d reduced wean-to-estrus interval (P&lt; 0.001) and tended to have greater conception rates (P=0.07). In conclusion, LIQ supplementation of lactating sows improves feed intake, allowing sows to keep body reserves, and have better subsequent rebreeding performance.

scholarly journals Presleep dietary protein-derived amino acids are incorporated in myofibrillar protein during postexercise overnight recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (5) ◽  
pp. E457-E467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorn Trommelen ◽  
Imre W. K. Kouw ◽  
Andrew M. Holwerda ◽  
Tim Snijders ◽  
Shona L. Halson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Ingestion ◽  
Casein Protein ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ingesting 30 g casein protein with and without 2 g free leucine before sleep on myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during postexercise overnight recovery. Thirty-six healthy young men performed a single bout of resistance-type exercise in the evening (1945) after a full day of dietary standardization. Thirty minutes before sleep (2330), subjects ingested 30 g intrinsically l-[1-13C]phenylalanine-labeled protein with (PRO+leu, n = 12) or without (PRO, n = 12) 2 g free leucine, or a noncaloric placebo (PLA, n = 12). Continuous intravenous l-[ ring-2H5]phenylalanine, l-[1-13C]leucine, and l-[ ring-2H2]tyrosine infusions were applied. Blood and muscle tissue samples were collected to assess whole body protein net balance, myofibrillar protein synthesis rates, and overnight incorporation of dietary protein-derived amino acids into myofibrillar protein. Protein ingestion before sleep improved overnight whole body protein net balance ( P < 0.001). Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates did not differ significantly between treatments as assessed by l-[ ring-2H5]phenylalanine (0.057 ± 0.002, 0.055 ± 0.002, and 0.055 ± 0.004%/h for PLA, PRO, and PRO+leu, respectively; means ± SE; P = 0.850) or l-[1-13C]leucine (0.080 ± 0.004, 0.073 ± 0.004, and 0.083 ± 0.006%/h, respectively; P = 0.328). Myofibrillar l-[1-13C]phenylalanine enrichments increased following protein ingestion but did not differ between the PRO and PRO+leu treatments. In conclusion, protein ingestion before sleep improves whole body protein net balance and provides amino acids that are incorporated into myofibrillar protein during sleep. However, the ingestion of 30 g casein protein with or without additional free leucine before sleep does not increase muscle protein synthesis rates during postexercise overnight recovery.

195 Does Feeding a Protease and Probiotic (Bacillus Subtilis) Combination (Syncra® SWI) Result in Improved Growth Performance and Mortality in a Commercial Wean-to-finish Swine Feeding Program?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Trey A Kellner ◽  
Josh Ellingson ◽  
Ana L P de Souza ◽  
Janet C Remus
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Combined Feed

Abstract The response to probiotics and enzymes is often documented in research facilities with a high degree of control and via pigs with no insults to health or feed intake. However, in commercial conditions, the response to feed additives promoting advanced gut health and improved digestion must be consistent and defined over a wide range of health statuses, stocking densities, feed intakes, environments, and diet formulations. The objective of this experiment was to determine if a combined feed protease and probiotic system (Syncra® SWI 201, DuPont, Wilmington, DE) would improve growth performance and mortality under commercial conditions. A total of 127,092 pigs (6.0 ± 0.1 kg; PIC 337 sired, Hendersonville, TN) from a sow farm producing porcine reproductive and respiratory virus and rotavirus positive weaned pigs were placed in 53 2,400-head commercial wean-to-finish barns that were alternated to 1 of 2 treatments (a control treatment without Syncra® SWI (SSWI) or with SSWI included at 72.6 g/ton of finished feed from 22.7 kg of BW to harvest) in a rolling allotment over a 12-month period. Pigs were on the experiment for an average of 162 ± 1.0 days (until harvest). Throughout the 12-month experimental period, diets (outside of the SSWI inclusion) could change in order to maximize return over feed costs. Data were analyzed using Proc MIXED (SAS 9.4; Cary, NC) with treatment as the main effect and barn as the experimental unit. Compared to the control, adding SSWI improved mortality by 1.9% and percent grade 1 marketed pigs by 2.2% (P ≤ 0.025). Compared to the control, SSWI did not improve ADG (control = 0.75 vs. SSWI = 0.78 kg) or gain:feed (control = 0.401 vs. SSWI = 0.396). In conclusion, the inclusion of the SSWI combined feed protease and probiotic system can improve mortality and grade 1 marketed pigs, but not growth performance under commercial conditions.

scholarly journals Cupriavidus metallidurans Strains with Different Mobilomes and from Distinct Environments Have Comparable Phenomes

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Van Houdt ◽  
Ann Provoost ◽  
Ado Van Assche ◽  
Natalie Leys ◽  
Bart Lievens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Island ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Abietane Diterpenoids ◽  
Cupriavidus Metallidurans ◽  
Mobile Gene ◽  
Phenotype Microarrays ◽  
The Impact

Cupriavidus metallidurans has been mostly studied because of its resistance to numerous heavy metals and is increasingly being recovered from other environments not typified by metal contamination. They host a large and diverse mobile gene pool, next to their native megaplasmids. Here, we used comparative genomics and global metabolic comparison to assess the impact of the mobilome on growth capabilities, nutrient utilization, and sensitivity to chemicals of type strain CH34 and three isolates (NA1, NA4 and H1130). The latter were isolated from water sources aboard the International Space Station (NA1 and NA4) and from an invasive human infection (H1130). The mobilome was expanded as prophages were predicted in NA4 and H1130, and a genomic island putatively involved in abietane diterpenoids metabolism was identified in H1130. An active CRISPR-Cas system was identified in strain NA4, providing immunity to a plasmid that integrated in CH34 and NA1. No correlation between the mobilome and isolation environment was found. In addition, our comparison indicated that the metal resistance determinants and properties are conserved among these strains and thus maintained in these environments. Furthermore, all strains were highly resistant to a wide variety of chemicals, much broader than metals. Only minor differences were observed in the phenomes (measured by phenotype microarrays), despite the large difference in mobilomes and the variable (shared by two or three strains) and strain-specific genomes.

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