scholarly journals Fake news knowledge profile in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e292101422085
Author(s):  
Mariana Gomes Leitão de Araújo ◽  
Esther Gomes Muniz Rocha ◽  
Josué Miguel de Oliveira ◽  
Kelly Cristina Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Mariana Rodrigues Sandes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Information ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Information Spread ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a lot of false information spread through social networks, reaching different community groups, and contributing to the failure in the prevention and correct treatment of the disease. This study aimed to outline the profile of people who received fake news related to health during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach carried out by health academics through a self-administered questionnaire made on Google Forms. A sample of 501 participants was obtained to analyze the participant sociodemographic profile, the content, and the most used ways of receiving fake news. The results indicate that the most received content by the participants was about health, followed by politics. According to the study, traditional communication media are the most reliable source in the search for information among participants, while WhatsApp and Facebook were cited as the most used social media in the dissemination of fake news, with the least reliable news. There is a need for further studies on this topic, to demonstrate which sociodemographic factors, influence the sharing of fake news.

scholarly journals A family of falsehoods: Deception, media hoaxes and fake news

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri Finneman ◽  
Ryan J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
False Information ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Information Spread ◽  
History Of

“Fake news” became a concern for journalists in 2017 as news organizations sought to differentiate themselves from false information spread via social media, websites and public officials. This essay examines the history of media hoaxing and fake news to help provide context for the current U.S. media environment. In addition, definitions of the concepts are proposed to provide clarity for researchers and journalists trying to explain these phenomena.

scholarly journals Intelligent Detection of False Information in Arabic Tweets Utilizing Hybrid Harris Hawks Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Thaer Thaher ◽  
Mahmoud Saheb ◽  
Hamza Turabieh ◽  
Hamouda Chantar
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
User Profile ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Information ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Fake or false information on social media platforms is a significant challenge that leads to deliberately misleading users due to the inclusion of rumors, propaganda, or deceptive information about a person, organization, or service. Twitter is one of the most widely used social media platforms, especially in the Arab region, where the number of users is steadily increasing, accompanied by an increase in the rate of fake news. This drew the attention of researchers to provide a safe online environment free of misleading information. This paper aims to propose a smart classification model for the early detection of fake news in Arabic tweets utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, Machine Learning (ML) models, and Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO) as a wrapper-based feature selection approach. Arabic Twitter corpus composed of 1862 previously annotated tweets was utilized by this research to assess the efficiency of the proposed model. The Bag of Words (BoW) model is utilized using different term-weighting schemes for feature extraction. Eight well-known learning algorithms are investigated with varying combinations of features, including user-profile, content-based, and words-features. Reported results showed that the Logistic Regression (LR) with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) model scores the best rank. Moreover, feature selection based on the binary HHO algorithm plays a vital role in reducing dimensionality, thereby enhancing the learning model’s performance for fake news detection. Interestingly, the proposed BHHO-LR model can yield a better enhancement of 5% compared with previous works on the same dataset.

scholarly journals Nurses Knowledge on Management of Patient Receiving Spinal Anaesthesia in a Government Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Elisha Rijal ◽  
Suvekshya Silwal ◽  
Sheela Thapa ◽  
Saraswati Basnet ◽  
Subhadra Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Competence Level ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: Spinal Anaesthesia (SA) is a form of regional anaesthesia involving injection of a local anaesthetic into the subarachnoid space. SA is directly related to nervous system, so its mismanagement may cause various complications hence, prevention and management of complication is a vital and complex aspect of critical nursing care. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the nurse’s knowledge on the management of patient receiving spinal anaesthesia. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among nurses of Koshi Zonal Hospital of Province no. 1, Biratnagar, Nepal from May to June 2017. Non-probability purposive sampling method was used where self-administered questionnaire was administered among 67 working nurses in the hospital. Results: The majority of the respondents (77.6%) belonged to 20-30 years of age group, nearly half (44.8%) of the respondents had completed PCL nursing. Only 67.2% explained the meaning of anaesthesia, and 58.2% had knowledge on physiological changes after SA. Regarding ambulation and cause of backache, 29.9% had knowledge whereas only 20.9% had knowledge about management of post spinal backache. Respondents facing problem to manage the complication after SA was 13.4%. This study also found that the overall knowledge regarding SA was adequate among 80.6% respondents. Conclusion: Nurses as the key personnel in management and prevention of complication, the obtained result was below the desired competence level among working nurses as it is the vital aspect of critical nursing care.

scholarly journals Discursive Deflection: Accusation of “Fake News” and the Spread of Mis- and Disinformation in the Tweets of President Trump

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630511877601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Ross ◽  
Damian J. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Objective Truth ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports

Twitter is increasingly being used within the sociopolitical domain as a channel through which to circulate information and opinions. Throughout the 2016 US Presidential primaries and general election campaign, a notable feature was the prolific Twitter use of Republican candidate and then nominee, Donald Trump. This use has continued since his election victory and inauguration as President. Trump’s use of Twitter has drawn criticism due to his rhetoric in relation to various issues, including Hillary Clinton, the size of the crowd in attendance at his inauguration, the policies of the former Obama administration, and immigration and foreign policy. One of the most notable features of Trump’s Twitter use has been his repeated ridicule of the mainstream media through pejorative labels such as “fake news” and “fake media.” These labels have been deployed in an attempt to deter the public from trusting media reports, many of which are critical of Trump’s presidency, and to position himself as the only reliable source of truth. However, given the contestable nature of objective truth, it can be argued that Trump himself is a serial offender in the propagation of mis- and disinformation in the same vein that he accuses the media. This article adopts a corpus analysis of Trump’s Twitter discourse to highlight his accusations of fake news and how he operates as a serial spreader of mis- and disinformation. Our data show that Trump uses these accusations to demonstrate allegiance and as a cover for his own spreading of mis- and disinformation that is framed as truth.

scholarly journals Physiotherapy services required at primary health care level in gauteng and limpopo provinces (service provider’s perspective -physiotherapists/assistants)

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Maleka ◽  
D. Franzsen ◽  
A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Care Level ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Rehabilitative Services ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Preventative Services

This study was conducted to determine the opinion of physiotherapists and physiotherapy assistants with regards to physiotherapyservices required at a Primary Health Care (PHC) level in two provinces ofSouth Africa, one being urban (Gauteng) and the other one more rural(Limpopo). Using a descriptive study design, a sample consisting of 728 physio-therapists and assistants was selected from the HPCSA register list. Datacollection was by a self-administered questionnaire. Sixty six percent of physiotherapists in Gauteng Province and 68% inLimpopo Province agreed that promotive services are required whereas thepercentage for physiotherapy assistants in Gauteng province and Limpopoprovince were 78% and 89% respectively. Preventative services were suggested by 82% and 85% by physiotherapistsand 95% and 96% by physiotherapy assistants in Gauteng and Limpopo. Eighty nine percent and 88% of physio-therapists, 80% and 85% of physiotherapy assistants in Gauteng and Limpopo respectively agreed that curative services are required.  Rehabilitative services were suggested to be required by 83% and 90% of physiotherapists, 85% and 95% by physiotherapy assistants in Gauteng and Limpopo respectively.

scholarly journals Perfil sociodemográfico de árbitros de futebol recém-formados no Rio de Janeiro

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rian Quintes Bonifácio Costa ◽  
Leandro Lima Silva ◽  
Carlos Elias Pimentel ◽  
Erik Salum de Godoy ◽  
Dirceu Ribeiro Nogueira da Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Introdução: No Brasil, o árbitro de futebol tem a necessidade de exercer uma profissão paralelamente ao exercício da arbitragem, e há uma carência de estudos que tenham procurado descrever as características sociodemográficas do árbitro de futebol.Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever e analisar as características sociodemográficas dos árbitros de futebol.Métodos: Estudo transversal observacional, do qual participaram 81 inscritos no curso de árbitro de futebol no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2013 e 2014. Utilizou-se um questionário autopreenchível, com informações requeridas pelo banco de dados da Escola de Arbitragem de Futebol do Rio de Janeiro, com questões sobre: idade, gênero, grau de instrução e profissão.Resultados: A média de idade foi de 23,06. A maioria era do sexo masculino (81,5%), a idade variou entre 18-31 anos, com média de 23,06 (±3,12). Verificou-se que (76,5%) havia concluído o ensino médio, e (23,55%) o ensino superior, porém isso não foi significante estatisticamente. Não houve correlação dos níveis de escolaridade com a profissão. Verificou-se 26 profissões diferentes e um árbitro desempregado, sendo (43,2%) eram apenas estudantes e sem profissão. Dos 20 que tinham o ensino superior, 10 eram graduados em Educação Física e a diferença foi significativa (p<0,05).Conclusão: Os árbitros recém-formados que chegam ao quadro do estadual, na maioria são do sexo masculino, com menos de 25 anos de idade e que ainda não concluíram o ensino superior. Grande parte destes são profissionais de Educação Física. Os árbitros no Brasil exercem outras atividades profissões, além da arbitragem e, paralelamente, preparam-se física e psicologicamente para a arbitragem. Sociodemographic Profile of New Trained Soccer Referees in Rio de Janeiro Introduction: In Brazil, soccer referee has the need to practice a profession in parallel to the arbitration exercise, and there is a lack of studies that have tried to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the football referee.Objective: The objective of the present study was to describe and analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of soccer referees.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, in which 81 participants enrolled in the soccer referee course in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the year 2013 and 2014. A self-administered questionnaire was used, with information required by the database of the School of Arbitration of Football of Rio de Janeiro, with questions about: age, gender, degree of education and profession.Results: The mean age was 23.06. The majority were male (81.5%), age ranged from 18-31 years, with a mean of 23.06 (± 3.12). It was verified that (76.5%) had finished high school, and (23.55%) higher education, but this was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between levels of schooling and the profession. There were 26 different professions and one unemployed arbitrator, being (43.2%) only student and without profession. Of the 20 who had higher education, 10 were graduated on Physical Education and this difference was significant.Conclusion: The newly formed referees who reach the state board, most of whom are male, under 25 years of age and have not yet completed higher education. Most of them are Physical Education professionals. The referees in Brazil perform other professions, besides the arbitration and, in parallel, prepare themselves physically and psychologically for the arbitration.

scholarly journals Perception of intern doctors about the newly introduced assessment system in the final professional MBBS examination

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Fatima Parveen Chowdhury ◽  
AKM Asaduzzaman ◽  
Tahmina Nargis ◽  
Chowdhury Nasrath Munir Abeer
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Final Examination ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Medical Colleges

It was a descriptive study. The objective was to find out the perception of intern doctors regarding newly introduced assessment system in final professional MBBS examination which was held in July 2011. Data were collected from 500 inter doctors of selected medical colleges by using self administered questionnaire. It was found that majority (84%) of the respondent expressed their satisfaction with the newly introduced assessment method .Of the students 95.5% mentioned that SAQ is better than Essay questions. Inclusion of MCQ, SOE and OSCE in examination is worthy was opined by about 86.6%, 81.7%, 78% of the students respectively. Nearly eighty nine (89%) percent respondents thought that adding of a certain percentage of mark of formative assessment in final examination is better. About 29% of respondents said that examination phobia in oral /viva is not reduced by introducing SOE, 26.2% believed that all examinees are not judged in same standard by examiners by means of OSCE and 31% respondents believed that result of examination in SOE, some extent depends upon the examiners desire and intention. So, it reveals that the new assessment method is not implemented properly. Students also identified strengths and weakness of the new assessment.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.5(1) 2014: 6-9

scholarly journals Fake and Real News detection Using Python

2020 ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Fakhra Akhtar ◽  
Faizan Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Information ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Negative Attributes ◽  
Entire Dataset ◽  
F Measure

<p>In the digital age, fake news has become a well-known phenomenon. The spread of false evidence is often used to confuse mainstream media and political opponents, and can lead to social media wars, hatred arguments and debates.Fake news is blurring the distinction between real and false information, and is often spread on social media resulting in negative views and opinions. Earlier Research describe the fact that false propaganda is used to create false stories on mainstream media in order to cause a revolt and tension among the masses The digital rights foundation DRF report, which builds on the experiences of 152 journalists and activists in Pakistan, presents that more than 88 % of the participants find social media platforms as the worst source for information, with Facebook being the absolute worst. The dataset used in this paper relates to Real and fake news detection. The objective of this paper is to determine the Accuracy , precision , of the entire dataset .The results are visualized in the form of graphs and the analysis was done using python. The results showed the fact that the dataset holds 95% of the accuracy. The number of actual predicted cases were 296. Results of this paper reveals that The accuracy of the model dataset is 95.26 % the precision results 95.79 % whereas recall and F-Measure shows 94.56% and 95.17% accuracy respectively.Whereas in predicted models there are 296 positive attributes , 308 negative attributes 17 false positives and 13 false negatives. This research recommends that authenticity of news should be analysed first instead of drafting an opinion, sharing fake news or false information is considered unethical journalists and news consumers both should act responsibly while sharing any news.</p>

scholarly journals Sociodemographic profile of pediatric poisoning cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1469
Author(s):  
Arpitha B. ◽  
Adarsh E. ◽  
Rajanish K. V.
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Emergency Hospital Admission ◽  
Childhood Poisoning ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Poisoning is one of the commonest cause of emergency hospital admission in children. The accidental poisoning is seen more commonly in toddlers and intentional poisoning is seen in adolescents. Rapid globalization and increased stress has increased the risk of suicidal poisoning. The accidental poisoning can be reduced by proper education to parents and by keeping poisonous substances out of reach of the child.Methods: The study was carried out over 18 months. Sociodemographic profile of pediatric cases was studied in department of  pediatrics at Rajarajeswari medical college and hospital. Descriptive study analysis was done.Results: During 18 month study period, 34 cases were analysed. The incidence was found to be 1.64%. Male:female ratio was found to be 1:1.6. Majority belonged to upper lower class and majority were from urban class.Conclusions: The importance childhood poisoning with its association with socio-demographic factors were studied and intervention were done.

The impact of the information factor on modern international relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Tahir Hasanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Information ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to highlight the growing strategic importance that cyberspace is gaining in the dynamics of international politics. After land, sea, air, and outer space, cyberspace is the fifth dimension of conflict. The type of non-military weapons used to fight, as well as the subjects targeted, make civilian systems new centers of gravity to defend against an enemy that most often "operates in the shadows." The international scenario rmation revolution (which contributed to the "democratization of information"), is radically evolving from a unipolar (American-led) to an almost multipolar architecture. The Internet today is an indispensable communication and information network for various legal and illegal subjects of international relations. Social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Telegram) play a very important role in this process. The Internet can also allow manipulation or even destabilization of the international community with the spread of false information (fake news). It is also a field for intelligence activities. Finally, the Internet is becoming the field of a new form of confrontation. Thus, both states and private actors protect themselves from possible cyber attacks by developing cybersecurity. In anticipation of this, states are developing cyberspace strategies and military-digital capabilities. Key words: international relations, information, cyberspace, cybersecurity, territorial integrity, state, subjects of international relations, information warfare

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