scholarly journals Optimal levels of water and salt in the growth of giant sweet clone cactus forage

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e95101724306
Author(s):  
Álefe Chagas de Lima Costa ◽  
Antonio Dennys Melo de Oliveira ◽  
João Pedro Soares Caraciolo ◽  
Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de Lucena ◽  
Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira Leite
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Water Replacement ◽  
Four Levels

Forage cactus is perennial growth plant, resistance to drought adaptation to hot climate regions, being considered important for the development of livestock. In this study objective was estimate the morphometrics measures of forage cactus Giant Sweet clone associate the optimal levels water and salt. Design used was completely randomized, composed of four levels of water replacement, using the crop evapotranspiration (25, 50, 75 and 100%.Etc) and four levels of salinity (0, 2, 4 and 8 dS/m), obtained through the concentrations of (NaCl) salts corresponding to 0, 1.16, 2.32 and 4.64 g/L, respectively. The morphometric measures of cladodes were evaluated 20 times during the experimental period. Response surface was used to estimate the optimal levels water and salt that maximizing the morphometric measures of the cladodes. Water level in range of 54% and 64%, and 3.5 to 5.3 dS/m of saline level promote greater development of the Giant Sweet clone without changing the morphological characteristics of plant, generating greater phytomass yield.

scholarly journals INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CLADODE GIANT SWEET CLONE AS A FUNCTION OF WATER AND SALINE STRESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de LUCENA ◽  
Álefe Chagas de Lima COSTA ◽  
Antonio Dennys Melo de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira LEITE
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Response Surface Analysis ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Four Levels

Forage plants are considered one of the main factors for the development of livestock worldwide, for presenting high potential for phytomass production, drought tolerance, high energy value, large water reserve and easy propagation. Forage cactus stands out for its tolerance to water deficit. Aimed to evaluate the initial performance of the morphometric characteristics of Giant Sweet clone (N. cochenillifera) submitted to water and saline stresses using response surface analysis. Design used was completely randomized in a 4x4 factorial scheme, composed of four levels of water replacement, based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc): (25%.ETc, 50%.ETc, 75%.ETc and 100%.ETc) and four levels of water salinity (0, 2, 4 and 8 dS/m), with four repetitions totalling 64 experimental units. The following morphometric characteristics were evaluated: plant height, length, width, thickness, number of cladodes and area of cladodes. Eight evaluations were realized during the experimental period. Response surface analysis was used to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of the cladodes. Best water levels were between 55%.ETc and 65%.ETc and saline levels between 3.5 and 5 dS/m, maximizing the morphometric characteristics of Giant Sweet clone.

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of lambs fed castor mealom farelo de mamona

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellenn Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Aureliano José Vieira Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Castor Meal

The experiment aimed to evaluate the feeding behavior of Santa Inês lambs fed diets containing different levels of detoxified castor meal in the concentrate. Twenty-four sheep with an average body weight of 18.5± 2.26 kg, at four months of age, were distributed in a randomized complete design with four treatment and six replications. Treatments consisted of four levels of castor meal (0, 33, 67, and 100%) replacing soybean meal. Animals underwent a 15-day adaptation period and an experimental period of 84 days. The diet was composed of 60% sugarcane silage and 40% concentrate, on a dry matter basis. Animal behavior (idle, rumination, and feeding activities) were observed visually for two 24-h periods with 5-min intervals, and recorded. The number of rumination chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud per day were counted using a digital stopwatch. Dry matter (DM) intake was not affected by inclusion of castor meal in the concentrate, averaging 884.02 g day?1. The feeding activity was not affected by addition of castor meal. Rumination time increased linearly, whereas the idle and rumination times decreased linearly with addition of castor meal. Feeding time, expressed in min per kg of DM and NDF, was not influenced by the inclusion of the meal in the diet, averaging 373.3 and 880.0 min, respectively. The number of chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud were not changed by inclusion of castor meal in the diet. Feed efficiency, expressed in grams DM and NDF per hour, was not influenced by castor meal inclusion in the diet. Rumination efficiency expressed in g DM h?1 decreased, but was not affected when expressed in g NDF h?1. Total replacement of soybean meal by castor meal in the concentrate does not affect the feeding time or feed efficiency of feedlot sheep, but leads to a small reduction of their rumination efficiency. Thus, we recommend the inclusion of castor meal in sheep diets at the levels tested in this study.

scholarly journals PSV-22 Effects of different fat sources and vitamin E levels/isoforms on growth performance, antioxidant status, and fatty acid profile in the liver of pigs grown to 150 kg

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Ding Wang ◽  
Young Dal Jang ◽  
G K Rentfrow ◽  
H J Monegue ◽  
M J Azain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract The study objective was to assess the contribution of fat source and vitamin E (VE) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, and fatty acid profile in the liver of pigs at heavy slaughter weight (148.09 ±1.64 kg). A total of 72 individually-fed pigs (36 barrows, 36 gilts; 28.55 ±1.16 kg) were randomly assigned to 12 dietary treatments in a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement. Fat treatments were tallow and corn-oil. The VE treatments included four levels of α-tocopheryl-acetate (ATA; 11, 40, 100, and 200 ppm) and two levels of mixed tocopherols (primarily γ-tocopherol; 40 and 100 ppm). Liver samples were collected at slaughter. Data analysis were performed by ANOVA using GLM in SAS. No effect of dietary fat sources, isoforms of VE, and levels of γ-tocopherol were detected on growth performance or liver antioxidant status (GSH, GSSG, SOD, and MDA). Increasing dietary ATA linearly increased overall ADG (0.98, 1.02, 1.02, and 1.08 kg/day; P = 0.02) from 28 to 150 kg; overall ADG of pigs fed γ-tocopherol-diets was 1.07 and 1.04 kg/day, respectively. An interaction between fat sources and ATA was observed on cumulative ADG during Phase1-3 (28-100 kg; P = 0.04) and Phase1-4 (28-125 kg; P = 0.03) wherein pigs fed corn-oil-diet, but not tallow-diet, had increased ADG with increased dietary ATA. Increasing dietary ATA quadratically increased SOD activity (P < 0.05; highest at 100 ppm), and quadratically decreased MDA content (P < 0.05; lowest at 40 ppm) in the liver. Liver fatty acid profile was affected by fat source (P < 0.05) but not VE treatment, pigs fed corn-oil-diets had less SFA (34.23 vs. 35.45%; P = 0.02) and MUFA (11.98 vs. 18.38%; P < 0.0001), but more PUFA (49.14 vs. 40.78%; P < 0.0001) than pigs fed tallow-diets in the liver. Beneficial effects of dietary VE supplementation were observed on growth performance and antioxidant status of pigs under conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Agronomic characteristics of the Pennisetum glaucum submitted to water and saline stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e50468
Author(s):  
Mirna Clarissa Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Mauricio Luiz de Mello Vieira Leite ◽  
Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽  
Vicente José Laamon Pinto Simões ◽  
Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Salt Content ◽  
Four Levels

Agricultural production in semi-arid regions is limited due to water availability. In addition, the water quality available for irrigation is often compromised due to the high salt content present. Millet is a forage species considered tolerant to water deficit and moderately salt tolerant. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the growth of millet under water and saline stress associates. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, composed of four levels of water replacement, based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc): 25%.ETc, 50%.ETc, 75%.ETc and 100%.ETc and three levels of water salinity (0.03, 2.0 and 4.0 dS m-1). With 25%.ETc independent of salinity, all morphological characteristics of millet were affected, occurring death of plants in the initial growth phase. In the absence of salt and greater availability of water, greater plant growth occurred. With respect to salinity, there was a reduction in the increment of all variables evaluated, with the highest reduction at the highest saline level (4.0 dS m-1). Water and salt stresses, when associated, reduce the growth of millet, since concentrations above 2.0 dS m-1 and less than 50%.ETc compromise its full development, providing declines in yield.

Horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland with pulsing water level

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vymazal ◽  
M. Masa
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Outflow Velocity ◽  
In Series ◽  
Positive Effect

A constructed wetland with horizontal sub-surface flow at Dolni Mesto (Czech Republic) was put into operation in 1999 and treats municipal wastewater from 522 PE. The total area of vegetated beds of 2,646 m2 is divided into two parallel sections of equal size, each with two beds in series. Between two periods of water discharge there is no outflow from the bed. During the period of September 1999-September 2000 one bed was operated with a pulsing water level while the other one was not pulsing, i.e., was operated as regular sub-surface flow in order to evaluate the effect of pulsing on treatment efficiency, especially on removal of NH4-N. Between September 1999 and February 2000 the pulse was 8 cm, for the rest of the experimental period the pulse was 15 cm. The results indicate a positive effect of pulsing on removal of BOD5 (annual average of 53%), COD (30%) and NH4-N (27%) as compared to non-pulsing beds. For SS, a decrease in removal effect by 30% was observed. This is probably due to the higher outflow velocity of discharged water from pulsing beds which can flush out settled particles. The results also indicate that a pulsing level of 15 cm was more efficient than 8 cm.

Ganglion cyst of Guyon’s canal as a rare cause of compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve (literature review and case report)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
G. Yu. Evzikov ◽  
М. G. Bashlachev ◽  
A. V. Farafontov
Keyword(s):  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Ganglion Cyst ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Guyon’S Canal ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Compression Neuropathy ◽  
Palmar Surface ◽  
Guyon's Canal

The study objectiveis to analyze the existing research literature devoted to this problem and to assess clinical characteristics and specific features of the diagnosis and rational neurosurgical treatment for ganglion cyst of Guyon’s canal (GCGC) that caused compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve.Materials and methods.Since 1955, researchers reported only 19 cases of ganglion cysts located in the wrist area and associated with tunnel neuropathy of the ulnar nerve. Since this condition is extremely rare, we present our own clinical observations.Results.Using the literature data, we described various types of ulnar nerve compression according to individual nerve characteristics determining clinical manifestations of GCGC. We analyzed the prevalence of GCGC among patients of various age and gender, disease pathogenesis, and main diagnostic methods. A patient with GCGC-associated compression ischemic neuropathy of the ulnar nerve was treated in the neurological clinic of the I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University in 2016. Using visualization tools, we found a ganglion cyst located on the palmar surface at the level of the hook-shaped bone. The cyst caused medial displacement of the ulnar nerve and ulnar artery. We performed microsurgical decompression of the right ulnar nerve at the level of Guyon’s canal and removed the articular ganglion cyst using a standard procedure. In the postoperative period, we observed partial regression of neurological disorders.Conclusion.To identify the cause of ulnar nerve neuropathy in Guyon’s canal, a physician should consider both clinical and electrophysiological data and the results of ultrasound examination and/or magnetic resonance imaging. A detailed examination of these patients allows clarifying morphological characteristics of the lesion and identifying such a rare lesion as ganglion cyst.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application with Salicylic Acid on Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Under Drought Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khatiby ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Hassanzadeh ◽  
A. Ahmadi Shadmehri
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract Drought is an important factor that could restrict plants growth and productivity through several biological and physiological processes. Salicylic acid (SA) has a key role in many physiological processes of plants and stimulate specific responses against various stresses biotic and abiotic, in some of plants. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application by salicylic acid (SA) under drought stress on some morphological characteristics sesame, a split-plot experiment with a completely random design with three replications was performed. There were three levels of irrigation: control (normal irrigations), water stress at flowering stage and water stress at seed production stage, as main plot and sub plot consisting of four levels of the foliar application of salicylic acid: 0 (control), 1, 1.5 and 2.25 mM. Results indicated that the effects of water stress on traits, such as plant height, height of first capsule from soil surface, number of branches, number of capsules per plant showed significant difference at a level of 1%, while on the number of seeds per capsule, seed weight, leaf area index, biological yield, grain yield sesame, without significant difference indicated. Foliar application with salicylic acid was not so significant (P< 0.05) at different concentrations on measured traits, as well as interactive effects between drought stress and different amounts of salicylic acid, without significant difference observed.

scholarly journals Crop coefficient and water requirement of prickly pear in the Agreste region of Alagoas state, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 925-929
Author(s):  
Jesiele S. Divincula ◽  
Cinara B. da Silva ◽  
Marcio A. L. dos Santos ◽  
Daniella P. dos Santos ◽  
Luan W. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Opposite Sequence ◽  
Total Crop

ABSTRACT Prickly pear cultivation has played an important role in the Brazilian livestock farming, being used as forage for animals in the Northeast region, especially during the drying season, because it is an excellent source of water. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the crop coefficient and water requirement of prickly pear in the Agreste region of Alagoas state, Brazil. Prickly pear crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined using five drainage lysimeters, made of polyethylene with dimensions of 0.35 x 0.40 m (side and depth). Four soil layers were separated and put into the lysimeters in the opposite sequence, in order to maintain it as close as possible to the initial soil structure. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated by the Penman-Monteith, Hargreaves-Samani and FAO-Radiation methods, using climatic data from the meteorological station of the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) in the city of Arapiraca, AL, Brazil. Crop coefficient (kc) was calculated by the ratio between ETc and ETo. The average kc obtained was 0.72, 0.84 and 0.48 for the Penman-Monteith, Hargreaves-Samani and FAO-Radiation methods, respectively. Keeping the soil under field capacity during the experimental period, the total crop evapotranspiration was 637.84 mm, with daily value equal to 4.22 mm d-1.

The effect of increasing slaughter weight on growth performance of pigs and on meat quality

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
R.N. Weatherup ◽  
V.E. Beattie ◽  
B.W. Moss ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Bone Content ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Quality Assessments

Slaughter weights for pigs in the United Kingdom have traditionally been much lower than in most other European countries and in North America (Ellis and Avery, 1990). The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of increasing slaughter weight on growth performance of pigs and on meat quality.Ninety-six ¾ LR/LW 50 kg live weight pigs were allocated to a 3 x 4 factorial design with eight replicates. The variables were carcass weight which had four levels, 70, 80, 90 and 100 kg (corresponding live weights 92, 103, 114 and 125 kg) and gender with three levels, boars, castrates and gilts. Pigs were individually penned and offered feed ad libitum (DE 13.9 MJ/kg, lysine 10.5 g/kg). Feed intake and live weight gain was recorded over the experimental period and sample joints from the left L. dorsi muscle were obtained at slaughter. Cross sectional area of L. dorsi muscle and fat, lean and bone content of joint was determined and a number of meat quality assessments performed.

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