scholarly journals Ateleia glazioveana and Ocimum basilicum: plants with potential larvicidal and repellent against Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e228101724733
Author(s):  
Kelly Alievi ◽  
Giovana Tamara Capoani ◽  
Maike Buzatto ◽  
Daniela Miorando ◽  
Patrícia Zanotelli Serpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Positive Controls

The Aedes aegypti is the main vector of the transmission of diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, Chikungunya, and Zika. The agents used for the control of mosquito involve the use of synthetic compounds, which may cause toxicity and contamination environmental. Aiming to test the effectiveness of natural products, the aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal and repellent activity of extracts of Ateleia glazioveana Baill. (timbó) and essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. (manjericão), against A. aegypti. The activities of hydroalcoholic (HEA) and dichloromethane (DEA) extracts from A. glazioveana against A. aegypti larvae were assessed after exposure for 24, 48, and 72 h, using water and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis as negative and positive controls, respectively. For repellent evaluation, we investigated the sting attempts of A. aegypti in response to the application of HEA- and DEA-based body creams (5%), as well as an alcoholic spray based on the essential oil from O. basilicum. The repellency of these preparations was compared with negative (vehicle) and positive (DEET) controls. Although HEA showed no apparent larvicidal activity, DEA at concentrations of 150 to 500 mg/ml showed high larvicidal potential after 24 h, compared to the negative control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the DEA-based cream and the alcoholic spray of O. basilicum based essential oil showed higher repellency compared with the vehicle (84.5% and 70.5%, respectively). Accordingly, it is possible to infer that extracts and preparations of A. glazioveana and O. basilicum exhibit larvicidal and repellent activity against A. aegypti.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIFITAS FORMULA SPRAY DARI MINYAK ATSIRI HERBA KEMANGI (Ocimum Sanctum L ) SEBAGAI REPELLENT NYAMUK Aedes aegypti

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Resmi Aini ◽  
Rina Widiastuti ◽  
Nuha Afra Nadhifa
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
A Value ◽  
Post Test

Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with denguevirus. Preparations antinyamuk much use of harmful chemicals such as DEET (diethylmetatoluamide) and permethrin that can lead to pollution of the environment, leavingno residue and cause resistance to the drug. To determine the activity of essential oils from herbs basil (Ocimum Sanctum L) in the preparation of spray as a mosquito repellent and determine the effective concentrationof the spray.This type of research is True experiment with design Post Test Only Control Group Design. Repellent activity was observed by means of spray is sprayed on the back of the hand probandus, then tested on female mosquitoes with the introduction into the cage containing20 mosquitoes each treatment. Spray essential oils showed repellent activity of Aedes aegypti with a value of correlation r = 0.964 higher concentration of essential oils the fewer mosquitoes that land. Spray herbal essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L) has a repellent activitycompared to the negative control. The effectiveness of the herb basil essential oil sprayobtainedat 74.131 ppm lC50 and lC90 of  775.711 ppm

scholarly journals Assessment of genotoxic effect of Ocimum basilicum L. and Linalool

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e07996127
Author(s):  
Viviane Araújo da Silva ◽  
Janiere Pereira de Sousa ◽  
Andrea Fernanda Ramos de Paula ◽  
Hilzeth de Luna Freire Pessôa ◽  
Nathalia de Alencar Cunha Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Main Component

Ocimum basilicum belongs to the Lamiaceae family, is popularly known as basil and can be found in several regions of the world, being the monoterpene Linalol or the main component of the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. Medicinally it is considered powerful antiseptic, carminative, digestive, insecticide and analgesic, besides having proven antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. Knowing that evaluating the genotoxic activity of medicinal plants is extremely important as one of the stages of the toxicity study, this study aimed to analyze the genotoxic effect of basil essential oil and its active ingredient linalool. The micronucleus test on peripheral blood cells was used in the study for activities. Groups of three mices males and three females received, by gavage, the compounds in dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg of animal weight. The negative control group received only the dispersant of the sample (distilled water) and positive control received Cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg of animal weight. Twenty-four hours after treatment, the animals were sacrificed, blood was collected from the caudal vein and made a smear on the slide. The obtained results showed the absence of genotoxic effect of tested compounds. Further studies of toxicity need to be made to the use of this plant in the treatment of diseases to be stimulated.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BRUCEINE A ON THE LARVAE OF AEDES AEGYPTI LINNAEUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Dwi Sutiningsih ◽  
Mustofa Mustofa ◽  
Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto ◽  
Edhi Martono
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Histological Change ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Brucea Javanica ◽  
Gastrointestinal Damage

Objective: This study aimed to determine a target of action of bruceine A on the basis of its morphological and histological effects on the larvae of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus.Methods: Bruceine A was isolated from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. seeds in accordance with the Mangungsong method. Larvae of A. Aegypti (L.) in instar III to the beginning of instar IV were treated with various concentrations of bruceine A. The negative control group did not receive any treatment, whereas the positive control group received 1 ppm temefos. Dead larvae were collected after 24 h of treatment for the examination of morphological and histological changes.Results: The negative control group did not exhibit any morphological and histological changes. Larvae treated with bruceine A, however, had visible damaged heads, cuticles, digestive and respiration tracts, respiratory siphons, and setae, and they were smaller than normal larvae. Larvae treated with temefos exhibited gastrointestinal damage, narrowed breathing tubes, cuticle damage, and detached/damaged seta feathers. The necrosis of gastrointestinal epithelial cells was the major histological change exhibited by larvae treated with various concentrations of bruceine A or 1 ppm temefos.Conclusion: The targets of action of bruceine A in A. aegypti (L.) larvae are the head/caput, cuticle, setae, siphon, and gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.

PERBEDAAN KEMAMPUAN DAYA TOLAK MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA MELATI (Jasminum sambac) DAN DAUN SElASIH (Ocimum basilicum) SEBAGAI REPElEN NYAMUK Aedes aegypti

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meilina Yuhanita Dewi ◽  
Koerniasari . ◽  
Irwan Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Jasminum Sambac

Dengue fever is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus and is transmitted by Aedesaegypti and Aedes albopictus. In the year 2010 there had been 150.000 cases in Indonesia and thenumber of deaths was 1317. Transmission of this disease can be prevented using plant essentialoils to be applied as repellents. This study was aimed at investigating the differences betweenjasmine essential oil (Jasminum sambac) and leaf basil (Ocimum basilicum) as repellents againstAedes aegypti mosquito.This is a quasi-experimental study using a non-randomized control group pretest-posttestdesign. Subjects were female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, 25 mosquitoes on each test. Thematerials used were jasmine flowers essential oil at 40% concentration and basil leaves essentialoil at 90% concentration. As much as 10 replications were performed during the study.Independent SamplesT Test was carried out for analyzing the data.The average number of mosquitoes that came in contact with human hand that had beengiven jasmine flowers essential oil at 40% concentration were 3 mosquitos and basil leavesessential oil at 90% concentration was one mosquito. There was no significant difference betweenthe number of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that come in contact with human hand applied withjasmine flowers essential oil at 40% concentration and basil leaves essential oil at 90%concentration (p =0.000; 0=0. 05).The conclusion was 90% concentration of essential oils of basil leaves, having 3.32%linalool as an active ingredient had a better ability as a repellent against Aedes aegypti comparedto jasmine flowers essential oil at 40% concentration which has 2.9% linalool as an activeingredient. Essential oil of basil leaves can be applied as a substitute for synthetic chemicalrepellent topically every 8.5 hours.Keywords: jasmine essential oil, basil leaf; Aedes aegypti

scholarly journals Bovine intestinal cellular responses following primary and challenge infections with Calicophoron microbothrium metacercariae

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mavenyengwa ◽  
S. Mukaratirwa ◽  
M. Obwolo ◽  
J. Monrad
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Positive Controls

This studyw as carried out to establish whether cattle can develop resistance to re-infectionby Calicophoron microbothrium by assessing the response of intestinal mucosal globule leukocytese, osinophils, mast cells and basophils, and the establishment of the parasite in the host. A total of 241-year old Tuli steers were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each and infected with C. microbothriumm etacercariae. On the first day of the study, animals in Groups I and II were immunized with 5000 metacercariae and then challenged with 15000 metacercariae on Day 150 post immunization. Animals in Group III were immunized with 15000 metacercariae at the same time that Groups I and II animals were challenged to act as a positive control group Animals in Group IV were left uninfected and acted as a negative control group. Three animals from each group were slaughtered on Day 28 post-challenge and the remainder were slaughtered on Day 42 post-challenge. The established amphistomes were recovered and histopathological and cytological examinations were done on the jejunum, duodenuma, bomasum and the rumen. The establishment rates of the challenge infection in the immunized and challenged groups were lower and ranged from 0 to 0.2% as compared to 6% from naive animals infected as positive controls. Animals immunized and then challenged with C. microbothrium had significantly higher eosinophil, mast cell and globule leukocytes counts in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05) as compared to those of the control group. The study indicates that cattle can develop resistance to C. microbothrium re-infection and that eosinophils and mast cells may be important cells in the rejection of the parasite.

scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Biji Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Neneng Bisyaroh
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Larvicidal Effect ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed

In Indonesia, there are many plants that contain secondary metabolite compounds which can be a source of vegetable insecticides which can be used for vector control. Plants that can be used as vegetable larvicides include moringa seed extract containing secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids and phenolic compounds, namely saponins and tannins. These compounds are larvicidal against Aedes aegypti larvae. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of toxicity of Moringa oleifera seed extract to mortality of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This type of research is a laboratory experimental study with a post test only control group approach, using 6 groups (negative control group, 500 ppm moringa seed extract, 750 ppm moringa seed extract, 1000 ppm moringa seed extract, 1250 ppm moringa seed extract, and 1250 ppm seed extract. moringa 1500 ppm). The results showed that the extract of Moringa oleifera seeds had a larvicidal effect on 3rd / IV instar Aedes aegypti larvae. 62.64%) while the lowest value was at a concentration of 500 ppm with 3.33 dead larvae (13.32%).   Keywords: Moringa seeds, toxicity, Aedes aegypti larvae ABSTRAK   Di Indonesia banyak memiliki tanaman yang memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang dapat menjadi sumber bahan insektisida nabati yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengendalian vektor. Tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai larvasida nabati antara lain yaitu ekstrak biji kelor mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa senyawa alkaloid dan senyawa fenolik yaitu saponin dan tannin. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut bersifat larvasida terhadap larva Aedes aegypti. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat toksisitas dari ekstrak biji kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap mortalitas larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dengan pendekatan Post test only control group, menggunakan 6 kelompok (kelompok kontrol negatif, ekstrak biji kelor 500 ppm, ekstrak biji kelor 750 ppm, ekstrak biji kelor 1000 ppm, ekstrak biji kelor 1250 ppm, dan ekstrak biji kelor 1500 ppm). Penelitian ini diperoleh hasil yaitu ekstrak biji kelor (Moringa oleifera) memiliki efek larvasida terhadap larva Aedes aegypti instar III/IV jumlah kematian larva Aedes aegypti instar III/ IV memperlihatkan bahwa jumlah kematian larva tertinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi 1500 ppm yaitu sebanyak 15,66 ekor (62,64%) sedangkan nilai terendah terdapat pada konsentrasi 500 ppm dengan larva yang mati sebanyak 3,33 ekor (13,32%).   Kata Kunci: Biji Kelor, Toksisitas, Larva Aedes aegypti

scholarly journals Cumulative mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae treated with compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Maria Torres ◽  
Nadine Louise Nicolau da Cruz ◽  
Vitor Pereira de Matos Rolim ◽  
Maria Inês de Assis Cavalcanti ◽  
Leucio Câmara Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Carapa Guianensis

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the larvicidal activity of Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, carapa guianensis essential oils and fermented extract of Carica papaya against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae). METHODS The larvicide test was performed in triplicate with 300 larvae for each experimental group using the third larval stage, which were exposed for 24h. The groups were: positive control with industrial larvicide (BTI) in concentrations of 0.37 ppm (PC1) and 0.06 ppm (PC2); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 50.0% concentration (G1); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 25.0% concentration (G2); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 12.5% concentration (G3); and negative control group using water (NC1) and using dimethyl (NC2). The larvae were monitored every 60 min using direct visualization. RESULTS No mortality occurred in experimental groups NC1 and NC2 in the 24h exposure period, whereas there was 100% mortality in the PC1 and PC2 groups compared to NC1 and NC2. Mortality rates of 65.0%, 50.0% and 78.0% were observed in the groups G1, G2 and G3 respectively, compared with NC1 and NC2. CONCLUSIONS The association between three essential oils from Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Carapa guianensis and fermented extract of Carica papaya was efficient at all concentrations. Therefore, it can be used in Aedes aegypti Liverpool third larvae stage control programs.

Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Reduces the Survival Time of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the Main Vector of the Visceral Leishmaniasis Agent in the Americas

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 2025-2029
Author(s):  
Luciana Aguiar Figueredo ◽  
Rafaela Lira Nogueira Luna ◽  
Débora Elienai de Oliveira Miranda ◽  
Fernando José Silva ◽  
Domenico Otranto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) is a major neglected tropical disease and Brazil is the responsible for most cases reported in the Americas. In this region, L. infantum is primarily transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis and Migonemyia migonei (França) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is considered a permissive vector. We evaluated the susceptibility of Lu. longipalpis and Mg. migonei to Beauveria bassiana and to Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) essential oil. A spore suspension of B. bassiana was prepared and sand flies divided into five groups: test 1 (107 spores/ml of B. bassiana with E. globulus essential oil at 4 mg/ml), test 2 (107 spores/ml of B. bassiana), test 3 (E. globulus essential oil at 4 mg/ml), positive control (cypermethrin 0.1%), and negative control (sterile distilled water). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on specimens from each group. A 50% reduction was recorded in the survival time of Lu. longipalpis in test 1 and 2, where hyphal adhesion and cuticle damage were observed by SEM. No significant differences in the survival time of Mg. migonei were found, probable due to the high mortality rate observed in the negative control group, which may be a result of the greater sensitivity of this species to laboratory conditions. The results obtained herein suggest that B. bassiana may be a potential biological control agent against Lu. longipalpis, the main vector of L. infantum in the Americas.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Repelen Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Marigold (Tagetes erecta) Terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Mas Arya Shinta
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Treatment Groups

AbstractAedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors of dengue fever caused by dengue virus infection. Marigold flower (Tagetes erecta) is a multipurpose plant, marigold flower has a distinctive smell that is widely used as an insect repellent plant. Marigold flower contains a compound of secondary metabolites that potentially have an effect as a natural insecticide. This study was conducted with a complete random draft by taking five treatments, namely: one negative control group (K-), three treatment groups (p1, P2, P3), and one positive control group (K+). The test results portray the marigold flower ethanol extract has a protection power of 0% on K-; 41.67% on P1; 71.67% on P2; 93.3% on P3; and 100% on K+. Screening phytochemicals against marigold flower ethanol extract identifies positive compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. The protection power result shows that the marigold power ethanol extract 10% concentration lotion has a potential to have activity as repellent against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with protection power above 90%.AbstrakNyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor dari penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus dengue. Bunga marigold (Tagetes erecta) merupakan tanaman yang multiguna, bunga marigold memiliki bau khas yang menyengat sehingga banyak digunakan sebagai tanaman pengusir serangga. Bunga marigold mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi memiliki efek sebagai insektisida alami. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan mengambil lima perlakuan, yaitu satu kelompok kontrol negatif (K-), tiga kelompok perlakuan (P1, P2, P3), dan satu kelompok kontrol positif (K+). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bunga marigold memiliki daya proteksi pada K- sebesar 0%, P1 sebesar 41,67%, P2 sebesar 71,67%, P3 sebesar 93,3%, dan K+ sebesar 100%. Skrining fitokimia terhadap ekstrak etanol bunga marigold mengidentifikasi positif senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid. Hasil pengujian daya proteksi menunjukkan bahwa lotion ekstrak etanol bunga marigold konsentrasi 10% berpotensi memiliki aktivitas sebagai repellent terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti dengan daya proteksi diatas 90%.

Effect of HylocereusPolyrhizus Rind Extract Toward Interleukin-1β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression, Endometriosis Implant Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
YanuarEka P. ◽  
Hendy Hendarto ◽  
Widjiati .
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Fruit Rind

Retrograde menstruation lead to I Kappa B Kinase (IKK) fosforilation in peritoneum macrophage and cause secretion of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin1β then stimulate endometriosis cell to produce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor which lead to increasing of endometriosis lession seen as endometriosis implant area. Cytokine secretion was inhibited through prevention of NF-κB activation by dragon red fruit rind extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus). The aim of this reserach is to know the effect of dragon red fuit rind extract with 0,25; 0,5; and 1 mg/g bodyweight dosage toward IL-1β, VEGF expression and implant area in endometriosis mice model. The design of this experiment was randomized post test only control group design.Endometrios mice model were made in 14 days and split into two group, positive control group and treatment group after two week negative control group and postive control group were given Na-CMC 0,5% solution consequetively, and treatment group were given dragon red fruit extract with different dosage. Signification number for IL-1β is p>0,05, signification number for VEGF is p>0,05, and implant area signification number is p>0,05. Administration of dragon red fruit rind extract can decrease IL-1β, VEGF, and implant area.

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