scholarly journals Youth vocabularies mediated on the webradio about human immune defense against Covid – 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e7091210731
Author(s):  
Raimundo Augusto Martins Torres ◽  
Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira ◽  
Karlla da Conceição Bezerra Brito Veras ◽  
Aretha Feitosa de Araújo ◽  
Edine Dias Pimentel Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
Human Immune

Describe the vocabulary knowledge of youth son about human immune defense in the presence of Covid 19. Descriptive research, carried out in April 2020, with 64 young high school and university students who participated in the “In Tuning with Health” program on the Radio AJIR website. Knowledge was categorized and analyzed based on the Vocabular Universe and Thematic Analysis. 31 questions-discourses made up the Vocabular Universe of Youths, highlighted for organic and bodily defense, signs and symptoms, forms of transmission, prevention strategies, risk groups, sequelae, immune system, treatment, drugs, vaccine, cure, asymptomatic, social isolation and primary care. Online dialogical communication enabled the exchange of knowledge expressed by experiences in the context of the pandemic in contemporary times. The mediation of youth knowledge about the new coronavirus via web radio was constituted as a practice of educational nursing webcare, motivating health promotion in the context of the pandemic.

scholarly journals High risk groups for severe COVID-19 in a whole of population cohort in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bette Liu ◽  
Paula Spokes ◽  
Wenqiang He ◽  
John Kaldor
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
New South ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Complete Case ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Abstract Background Increasing age is the strongest known risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease but information on other factors is more limited. Methods All cases of COVID-19 diagnosed from January–October 2020 in New South Wales Australia were followed for COVID-19-related hospitalisations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths through record linkage. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for severe COVID-19 disease, measured by hospitalisation or death, or very severe COVID-19, measured by ICU admission or death according to age, sex, socioeconomic status and co-morbidities were estimated. Results Of 4054 confirmed cases, 468 (11.5%) were classified as having severe COVID-19 and 190 (4.7%) as having very severe disease. After adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status and comorbidities, increasing age led to the greatest risk of very severe disease. Compared to those 30–39 years, the aHR for ICU or death from COVID-19 was 4.45 in those 70–79 years; 8.43 in those 80–89 years; 16.19 in those 90+ years. After age, relative risks for very severe disease associated with other factors were more moderate: males vs females aHR 1.40 (95%CI 1.04–1.88); immunosuppressive conditions vs none aHR 2.20 (1.35–3.57); diabetes vs none aHR 1.88 (1.33–2.67); chronic lung disease vs none aHR 1.68 (1.18–2.38); obesity vs not obese aHR 1.52 (1.05–2.21). More comorbidities was associated with significantly greater risk; comparing those with 3+ comorbidities to those with none, aHR 5.34 (3.15–9.04). Conclusions In a setting with high COVID-19 case ascertainment and almost complete case follow-up, we found the risk of very severe disease varies by age, sex and presence of comorbidities. This variation should be considered in targeting prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Sickle Cell Anemia Presenting with Vaso-Occlusive Pain: Should We Screen for COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Lina Okar ◽  
Nabil E. Omar ◽  
Jabeed Parengal ◽  
Ashraf Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
The World

Despite the widespread of coronavirus disease-19 (CO­VID-19) infection around the world, there are very scarce reported literature about the care of patients with a known diagnosis of hemoglobin disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD) or thalassemia and confirmed COVID-19 infection. Thalassemia International Federation issued a position statement to include patients with thalassemia and SCD among the high-risk groups of patients. Here, we present an interesting case of a 42-year-old patient know to have SCD presenting with Vaso-occlusive (VOC) pain episode in the absence of COVID-19 signs and symptoms, who tested positive for COVID-19 infection and had a smooth recovery. This case highlights the importance of screening SCD patients presenting with VOC-related events even in the absence of COVID-19 signs and symptoms.

scholarly journals Context-Specific Challenges, Opportunities, and Ethics of Drones for Healthcare Delivery in the Eyes of Program Managers and Field Staff: A Multi-Site Qualitative Study

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Vyshnave Jeyabalan ◽  
Elysée Nouvet ◽  
Patrick Meier ◽  
Lorie Donelle
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health It ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Field Staff ◽  
Program Managers ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Diverse Context ◽  
Study Participants

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have significant potential in the healthcare field. Ethical and practical concerns, challenges, and complexities of using drones for specific and diverse healthcare purposes have been minimally explored to date. This paper aims to document and advance awareness of diverse context-specific concerns, challenges, and complexities encountered by individuals working on the front lines of drones for health. It draws on original qualitative research and data from semi-structured interviews (N = 16) with drones for health program managers and field staff in nine countries. Directed thematic analysis was used to analyze interviews and identify key ethical and practical concerns, challenges, and complexities experienced by participants in their work with drones for health projects. While some concerns, challenges, and complexities described by study participants were more technical in nature, for example, those related to drone technology and approval processes, the majority were not. The bulk of context-specific concerns and challenges identified by participants, we propose, could be mitigated through community engagement initiatives.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the fluorescent gonococcal test-heated

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
H A Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

In a 1-year evaluation of the indirect fluorescent antibody test for gonorrhea, 16,127 specimens from low-and high-risk groups were examined, and the results were compared with culture, history of exposure to a known patient, and clinical signs and symptoms. The results confirmed the usefulness of the indirect fluorescent antibody test for gonorrhea as a screening procedure, especially for women in the low-risk group. The test is more economic and probably more sensitive than culture for mass screening of asymptomatic women.

General aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Alex Sandro Rolland Souza ◽  
Melania Maria Ramos Amorim ◽  
Adriana Suely de Oliveira Melo ◽  
Alexandre Magno Delgado ◽  
Anna Catharina Magliano Carneiro da Cunha Florêncio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
General Aspects

Abstract Objectives: to review the available literature on the general aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infec-tion. Methods: this is a narrative literature review carried out from March to September 2020. Results: COVID-19 caused by the new coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2, grows with devas-tating effects worldwide. The literature describes epidemiological data and mortality risk groups of the disease, which presents a high rate of transmission. Prevention is the most effective way to fight the disease, persisting the absence of strong evidence on the treatment. Vaccines are not yet available. Dexamethasone is effective in reducing mortality in severe forms. Conclusions: despite great efforts, as the number of confirmed cases increases, evidence on transmission, incidence, disease progression, lethality, effects and outcomes remain limited and without any high levels of evidence. Studies are still necessary for all aspects of the disease.

TIPP—The First Ten Years

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
Joel L. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
National Medical ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Injury Prevention Program ◽  
State Programs ◽  
State Projects ◽  
And Child Health

In April 1983 the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) officially launched the first major nationwide drive by a national medical association to prevent injuries: TIPP (The Injury Prevention Program). TIPP was introduced officially at the spring meeting of the AAP in Philadelphia by Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, who stated that "Accidents, poisonings, and injuries have emerged as one of the greatest threats to our children's health."1 TIPP had its origin in three state projects funded by the Title V—Maternal and Child Health Program in California, Massachusetts, and Virginia. Each one of these state programs had developed injury prevention strategies for practitioners.

scholarly journals HIV prevention strategies and risk of infection: a model-based analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hahn ◽  
R. Hinz ◽  
T. Meyer ◽  
U. Loderstädt ◽  
O. Herchenröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Hiv Prevention Strategies ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk

AbstractRisk populations for HIV infections tend to neglect condom use, making alternative preventive approaches necessary. Accordingly, we modelled the risk of sexual HIV transmission for condom usevs.use of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) systems with subsequent exclusion of potential sexual partners with a correctly or falsely positive test from unprotected sex with and without the use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in a bio-statistical approach. We combined a previously described model of transmission risk for HIV-exposed individuals with a newly suggested model of risk of HIV exposure for sexually active HIV-negative individuals. The model was adapted for several stages of infection and different strategies of HIV infection prevention.HIV prevention with RDTs can reduce the transmission risk by up to 97% compared with having sex without any prevention and up to 80% compared with condom use. Nevertheless, RDT-based prevention strategies demonstrate a lack of protection in several stages of infection; in particular, RNA-based RDT systems may fail under treatment. RDT-based pre-screening of potential sex partners prior to unprotected sexual contacts substantially reduces HIV transmission risk. Combination of different prevention strategies is advisable for high-risk groups.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Outbreak and Stress in Iranians

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Maarefvand ◽  
Samaneh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Ozra Farmani ◽  
Atefeh Safarabadi Farahani ◽  
Jagdish Khubchandani
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Stress Score ◽  
Prevention Methods

Iran has faced one of the worst COVID-19 outbreaks in the world, and no studies to date have examined COVID-19-related stress in the general Iranian population. In this first population-based study, a web-based survey was conducted during the peak of the outbreak to assess stress and its correlates in the Iranian population. A 54-item, valid, and reliable questionnaire, including items on demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, knowledge about at-risk groups and prevention methods, knowledge about transmission methods, trust in sources of information, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers, was deployed via social and mass media networks. A total of 3787 Iranians participated in the study where the majority of the participants were females (67.4%), employed (56.1%), from developed provinces (81.6%), without chronic diseases (66.6%), and with ≥13 years of formal education (87.9%). The mean age of study participants was 34.9 years (range = 12–73), and the average stress score was 3.33 (SD = ±1.02). Stress score was significantly higher for females, those who were 30–39 years old, housewives, those with chronic diseases, individuals who were aware that there is no vaccine to prevent COVID-19, those who could not get facemasks or sanitizers, and individuals with higher knowledge about at-risk groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation of stress scores with knowledge about prevention methods for COVID-19 (r = 0.21, p = 0.01) and trust in sources of information about COVID-19 (r = −0.18, p = 0.01). All of the predictors, except knowledge of two important at-risk groups and education, had a significant effect on stress scores based on a multivariate regression model. The COVID-19 outbreak could increase stress among all population groups, with certain groups at higher risk. In the high-risk groups and based on experience with previous pandemics, interventions are needed to prevent long-term psychological effects. Professional support and family-centered programs should be a part of pandemic mitigation-related policymaking and public health practices.

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