scholarly journals Would medical students enter an exclusion zone in an infected district with a high mortality rate? An analysis of book reports on 28 (secondary publication)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Hwang ◽  
Hyung Sun Hong ◽  
Won Young Heo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Closed Area ◽  
High Fatality Rate ◽  
The City

This study aimed to ascertain whether medical students would enter a closed area where there was a raging epidemic of an infectious disease with a high fatality rate, and includes reasons for the students entering or refusing to enter. Participants included 50 second-year medical students. They were assigned to read a novel entitled 28, written by Youjeong Jeong, and discuss it in groups. Using their book reports, their decisions of whether or not to enter Hwayang, the city from the novel, and the reasons for their decisions were analyzed; we furthermore investigated the factors affecting their decisions. Among the 50 respondents, 18 students (36%) answered that they would enter, and the remaining 32 students (64%) answered that they would not enter the zone. The reasons given for entering were responsibility (44%), sense of ethics (33%), social duty (17%), and sense of guilt (6%). The reasons the students provided for not entering were inefficiency (44%), worry regarding family (28%), needlessness of sacrifice (19%), and safety not ensured (9%). Students who had four or fewer family members were more likely to enter Hwayang than were students who had five or more family members (odds ratio, 1.85). Students who had completed over 100 hours of volunteer work were more likely to enter Hwayang than were students who had volunteered less than 100 hours (odds ratio, 2.04). Owing to their “responsibility” as a doctor, 36% of medical students answered that they would enter an exclusion zone in an infected district with a high fatality rate. However, 64% answered they would not enter because of “inefficiency.” For the medical students it is still a question ‘To enter or not to enter?’

scholarly journals Bacteriocins of Listeria monocytogenes and Their Potential as a Virulence Factor

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Sangmi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Fatality Rate

Intestinal microbiota exerts protective effects against the infection of various bacterial pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, a major foodborne pathogen whose infection can lead to a disease (listeriosis) with a high fatality rate. As a strategy to mitigate the action of the intestinal microbiota, pathogens often produce antimicrobial proteinaceous compounds such as bacteriocins. In this review, we summarize the information currently available for the well-characterized L. monocytogenes bacteriocin listeriolysin S, with the emphasis on its intriguing mode of action as a virulence factor, which promotes the infection of L. monocytogenes by changing the composition of the intestinal microbiota. We then discuss another intriguing L. monocytogenes bacteriocin Lmo2776 that specifically inhibits the inflammogenic species, Prevotella copri, in the intestinal microbiota, reducing superfluous inflammation while weakening virulence. In addition, we describe relatively less studied phage tail-like Listeria bacteriocins (monocins) and elaborate on the possibility that these monocins could be involved in enhancing pathogenicity. In spite of the burgeoning interest in the roles played by the intestinal microbiota against the L. monocytogenes infection, our understanding on the virulence factors affecting the intestinal microbiota is still lacking, calling for further studies on bacteriocins that could function as novel virulence factors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the factors affecting the formation of humoral immunity to the SARS-COV-2 coronavirus in medical students and doctors of the Republic of Crimea during active phase of the COVID-19 pandemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
A. V. Kubyshkin ◽  
I. I. Fomochkina ◽  
E. S. Krutikov ◽  
T. P. Sataieva ◽  
E. S. Ageeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Vaccine Prophylaxis ◽  
The City

Purpose: to study the factors that affect the indicators of humoral immunity in medical students and doctors of the city of Simferopol by means of questionnaires and serological testing. The data obtained may indicate a fairly high involvement of medical students and medical workers in the processes of formation of population immunity to COVID-19.Materials and methods: from 14.09.20 to 06.10.20 the 67 students, as well as 19 doctors and nurses living in the Republic of Crimea have been examined by the method of enzyme immunoassay to detect IgG serum antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. All the examined subjects completed the online questionnaire.Results: According to the ELISA the antibodies to CoV-19 were detected in 14 students (20,9% [18,3%; 25,1%]), as well as in 6 health workers (31,6% [28,9%; 34,2%]) of the total examined number. The survey revealed a number of adverse factors that contribute to the depletion of the body's immune reserves in both students and medical professionals.Conclusion: the studies of the seroprevalence to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in various population groups, as well as the mechanisms and features of seroconversion, the kinetics of the immune response and the intensity of humoral immunity may possess an extremely important role in developing the strategy and tactics of antipandemic measures and in the future COVID-19 vaccine prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Bounding Infection Prevalence by Bounding Selectivity and Accuracy of Tests: With Application to Early COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Stoye
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Partial Identification ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
The One ◽  
True Infection

Abstract I propose novel partial identification bounds on infection prevalence from information on test rate and test yield. The approach utilizes user-specified bounds on (i) test accuracy and (ii) the extent to which tests are targeted, formalized as restriction on the effect of true infection status on the odds ratio of getting tested and thereby embeddable in logit specifications. The motivating application is to the COVID-19 pandemic but the strategy may also be useful elsewhere. Evaluated on data from the pandemic’s early stage, even the weakest of the novel bounds are reasonably informative. Notably, and in contrast to speculations that were widely reported at the time, they place the infection fatality rate for Italy well above the one of influenza by mid-April.

scholarly journals The Hippocratic Risk: Epidemiology of Suicide in a Sample of Medical Undergraduates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livio Tarchi ◽  
Matteo Moretti ◽  
Antonio Marco Maria Osculati ◽  
Pierluigi Politi ◽  
Stefano Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
General Population ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Medical Undergraduates ◽  
The City

Abstract In spite of the growing awareness on medical students’ mental health in recent years, epidemiologic literature about the topic is scarce, particularly for what concerns suicide. Here, we collected cases of suicides among medical students enrolled at a local University in Italy and compared it to the general population of the same age group. Our sample was collected using records of suicides in the city of Pavia, Italy between the years of 2014 and 2019. This record was cross-referenced with enrolment numbers to the Medical Faculty of the city in order to select cases that involved medical students A time-window of 6 years was chosen for the evaluation. The odds ratio of suicide in medical students in comparison to the general population was of 14.58 (p value at the exact Poisson test <0.001). We then differentiated between native Italians and students from abroad. In this case, an odds ratio of 6.81 was observed (p value at the exact Poisson test 0.011). Our estimated suicide rates exceeded what was previously reported for the general population. We call for a closer attention on mental health in medical students, and an increased effort in collecting objective data on the topic.

scholarly journals Dystopian Reality in Frankenstein in Baghdad a novel by Ahmed Saadawi

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Shaima Muzher Abid Alreda Alsaedi
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dystopian Literature ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

Dystopian literature is important in old and modern literature. It depicts a world in which everything is imperfect, chaotic and distorted. It shows a nightmarish image yet it is true in some afflicted communities. It mainly deals with war, oppression and disastrous situations. Almost all the characteristics of dystopian literature are real in Ahmed Saadawi’s novel Frankenstein in Baghdad. These characteristics are real and tangible in the place where the events of the novel occurred. These characteristics are manifested in people’s fear from the government, the American troops and terrorism attacks. Also the unstable life that they are forced to adapt.  In addition, the lack of freedom and independence create a huge gap between citizens and the government. Baghdad was devastated by many oppressive factors like: American annoying troops, terrorists’ explosions attacks, incompetent government highly officials, and militias’ sectarian attacks. The only imaginative tool of dystopia that Saadawi use is the creation of Whatsitsname.  Saadawi tries to drag his readers’ attention to a magical-realistic world. All the other incidents are real and present in everyday life in Baghdad in 2005; like the unsafe capital, the disintegration of family members, the separated limps of victims. Saadawi virtually described the dark era in Baghdad at that time. The bloodshed, the torture and massive killing was overwhelming the city.  Dystopian fiction links elements of truth that is specific to the time in which it is written in with science or imaginary elements that represent the terrifying direction we are winding to. Frankenstein in Baghdad converses this classic formula: the dystopian fundamentals of the novel are not engrained in its hypothetical and mythical elements but rather in the very real, frightening violence that Baghdad witnessed in 2005.

Hygienic assessment of learning environment conditions (by the example of higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

Göçmen edebiyatında din ve kimlik yansımaları -Fakir Baykurt’un Yarım Ekmek Romanında Din ve Gelenek-

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-145
Author(s):  
İsmail Güllü
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Shock ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Societal Structure ◽  
Immigrant Religion ◽  
Turks In Germany ◽  
The City

Yarım aşırı aşan bir geçmişe sahip Almanya’ya göç olgusu beraberinde önemli bir edebi birikimi (Migrantenliteratur) de getirmiştir. Farklı adlandırmalar ile anılan bu edebi birikim, kendi içinde de farklı renkleri de barındıran bir özelliğe sahiptir. Edebi yazını besleyen en önemli kaynaklardan biri toplumdur. Yazarın içinde yaşadığı toplumsal yapı ve problemler üstü kapalı veya açık bir şekilde onun yazılarına yansımaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırma, 50’li yaşlarında Almanya’ya giden ve ömrünün sonuna kadar orada yaşayan, birçok edebi ve düşünsel çalışması ile Türk edebiyatında önemli bir isim olan Fakir Baykurt’un “Koca Ren” ve Yüksek Fırınlar” adlı romanları ile birlikte Duisburg Üçlemesi’nin son kitabı olan “Yarım Ekmek” romanında ele aldığı konu ve roman kahramanları üzerinden din ve gelenek olgusu sosyolojik bir yaklaşımla ele alınmaktadır. Toplumcu-gerçekçi çizgide yer alan yazarın, uzun yıllar yaşadığı Türkiye’deki siyasi ve ideolojik geçmişi bu romanda kullandığı dil ve kurguladığı kahramanlarda kendini göstermektedir. Romanda Almanya’nın Duisburg şehrinde yaşayan Türklerin yeni kültürel ortamda yaşadıkları çatışma, kültürel şok, arada kalmışlık, iki kültürlülük temaları ön plandadır. Yazar romanda sadece Almanya’daki Türkleri ele almamakta, aynı zamanda Türkiye ile hatta başka ülkeler ile de ilişkilendirmeler yaparak bireysel ve toplumsal konuları ele almaktadır. Araştırmada, romanda yer alan dini ve geleneksel unsurlar sosyolojik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Genel anlamda bir göç romanı olma özelliği yanında Yarım Ekmek romanında dini, siyasi ve ideolojik birçok yorum ve tartışma söz konusudur. Romandaki bu veriler, inanç, ritüel, siyaset ve toplumsal boyutlarda kategorize edilerek ele alınmıştır.  ENGLISH ABSTRACTReligion and identity reflections in literature of immigrant: Religion and Tradition in Fakir Baykurt’s novel Yarım EkmekThe immigration fact which has nearly half century in Germany have brought a significant literal accumulation (Migrantenliteratur) in its wake. This literal accumulation, which is named as several denominations, has a feature including different colours in itself. One of the most important source snourishing literature is society. Societal structure and problems that the writer lives inside, directly or indirectly reflect on his/her compositions. In this context, the matter of religion and tradition by way of the issue and fictious characters in the novel of Fakir Baykurt who went to Germany in her 50’s and lived in there till his death and who is a considerable name in Turkish literature with his several literal and intellectual workings; “Yarım Ekmek” which is the third novel of Duisburg Trilogy with “Koca Ren” and “Yüksek Fırınlar” are discussed sociologically in the study. The political and ideological past of the socialist realist lined writer in Turkey where he spent his life for a long time, manifest itself on the speech and fictious characters of novel. In the novel, themes of new Turks’ conflict, cultural shock, being in the middle, bi culturalism in their new cultural nature in Duisburg which is the city they live in. The writer not only deals with Turks in Germany but also personal and social subjects via comparing them to Turkey and even other countries. In the study, religious and traditional elements analyzed sociologically. Besides the speciality of being a migration novel in general, there are a lot of religious, political and ideological interpretations and discussions in the novel. These datum in the novel are examinated in the context of belief, ritual, politics and social categorisation. 

Dissection of the Destitute: The Supply of Anatomical Subjects to the Medical Schools of Aberdeen c. 1832–1902

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dee Hoole
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
The City

This article examines the mechanisms and arrangements for the movement of subjects for dissection at Aberdeen after the Anatomy Act, and the methods adopted by the Inspector of Anatomy for Scotland and the teachers of anatomy to implement the Act. There has been limited research on the working of the Anatomy Act in Scotland, which this paper aims to address by demonstrating the uniquely Scottish manner of implementation of the Anatomy Act through the use of the Funeratory system, which worked remarkably smoothly. Regimes and arrangements associated with the dissection and disposal of anatomical remains in the city provide statistics, and give details of unclaimed paupers who became ‘material contributions’ for Aberdeen anatomists and medical students.

KONSEP DIRI “ I “ DAN “ME” TOKOH HIROKO DALAM NOVEL NAMAKU HIROKO KARYA NH.DINI

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Besin Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Social Customs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This research deals with the development of  self concept of Hiroko as the main character in Namaku Hiroko by Nh. Dini and tries to identify how Hiroko is portrayed in the story, how she interacts with other characters and whether she is portrayed as a character dominated by ”I” element or  ”Me”  element seen  from sociological and cultural point of view. As a qualitative research in nature, the source of data in this research is the novel Namaku Hiroko (1967) and the data ara analyzed and presented deductively. The result of this analysis shows that in the novel, Hiroko as a fictional character is  portrayed as a girl whose personality  develops and changes drastically from ”Me”  to ”I”. When she was still in the village  l iving with her parents, she was portrayed as a obedient girl who was loyal to the parents, polite and acted in accordance with the social customs. In short, her personality was dominated by ”Me”  self concept. On the other hand, when she moved to the city (Kyoto), she was portrayed as a wild girl  no longer controlled by the social customs. She was  firm and determined totake decisions of  her won  for her future without considering what other people would say about her. She did not want to be treated as object. To put it in another way, her personality is more dominated by the ”I” self concept.

SPACES AND “NOT-SPACES” IN THE ZHADAN’S PROSE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halyna Vypasniak
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Petrol Station ◽  
Past Time ◽  
Native Group ◽  
The City

The paper analyses the symbolic features of spaces of Serhiy Zhadan’s prose. The main attention is paid to the novel “Voroshylovhrad” and the name of the city that doesn’t exist on the geographic maps anymore. Most spaces, such as a petrol station or abandoned airfield, could be defined as non-places (the term of M. Auge). For M. Auge it’s a type of space that shows the hybridity of our life. It’s basically the transit places. That is why there are no emotions connected with those non-places: no special stories, no narrative, that could create the place itself. The analysed novel by Serhiy Zhadan assures that even those places that weren’t noticed by most people and were treated by them as non-places, were really precious for others because of their personal memories and their past time, spent there. The paper also analyses the special features of the novel according M. Auge’s term the “anthropologic place”. It’s a place that represents an identity of native group that used to live there and shows the power of a connection between the place and its inhabitants. It’s also a place, where they can feel themselves and make their own rules. Those things make places like the petrol station, worth to be defended from intrusions.

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