scholarly journals ANALISIS MINERALOGI DAN KUALITAS BATUBARA DESA KADINGEH, KECAMATAN BARAKA, KABUPATEN ENREKANG, SULAWESI SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fuad Avicenna ◽  
Sufriadin Sufriadin ◽  
Agus Ardianto Budiman ◽  
Sri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
X Ray

Batubara Kadingeh di Kecematan Baraka, Kabupaten Enrekang, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan secara geografis terletak pada titik koordinat: 03o28’31” Lintang Selatan dan 119o52’41” Bujur Timur dan termasuk dalam kategori rank batubara Subbituminous. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan beberapa hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan. Analisis mikroskopis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua mineral yang dominan seperti clay dan pirit. Sedangkan hasil analisis X-ray diffraction (XRD) batubara Desa Kadingeh menunjukkan kandungan mineral-mineral seperti kuarsa, goethit, illit dan pirit. Hasil analisis kualitas batubara menunjukkan bahwa kandungan inherent moisture berkisar dari 9,75%-11,17%, kandungan abu berkisar dari 3,54%-8,42%, volatile matter berkisar dari 25,26%-27,32%, fixed carbon berkisar dari 53,09%-61,45%, total sulfur berkisar dari 0,15%-0,21%, dan nilai kalori berkisar dari 5366,06 kcal/kg-6164,59% kcal/kg. Berdasarkan klasifikasi batubara menurut ASTM (1981), batubara Desa Kadingeh yang paling ekonomis digunakan pada industri yaitu SE-IIC dan SE-IIB tergolong batubara jenis Subbituminous A, sedangkan SE-IIA tergolong batubara Subbituminous B.

scholarly journals First Report on the Geologic Occurrence of Natural Na–A Zeolite and Associated Minerals in Cretaceous Mudstones of the Paja Formation of Vélez (Santander), Colombia

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Ríos-Reyes ◽  
German Alfonso Reyes-Mendoza ◽  
José Antonio Henao-Martínez ◽  
Craig Williams ◽  
Alan Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
The World ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
First Time

This study reports for the first time the geologic occurrence of natural zeolite A and associated minerals in mudstones from the Cretaceous Paja Formation in the urban area of the municipality of Vélez (Santander), Colombia. These rocks are mainly composed of quartz, muscovite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite and chlorite group minerals, framboidal and cubic pyrite, as well as marcasite, with minor feldspar, sulphates, and phosphates. Total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (TS), and millimeter fragments of algae are high, whereas few centimeters and not biodiverse small ammonite fossils, and other allochemical components are subordinated. Na–A zeolite and associated mineral phases as sodalite occur just beside the interparticle micropores (honeycomb from framboidal, cube molds, and amorphous cavities). It is facilitated by petrophysical properties alterations, due to processes of high diagenesis, temperatures up to 80–100 °C, with weathering contributions, which increase the porosity and permeability, as well as the transmissivity (fluid flow), allowing the geochemistry remobilization and/or recrystallization of pre-existing silica, muscovite, kaolinite minerals group, salts, carbonates, oxides and peroxides. X-ray diffraction analyses reveal the mineral composition of the mudstones and scanning electron micrographs show the typical cubic morphology of Na–A zeolite of approximately 0.45 mμ in particle size. Our data show that the sequence of the transformation of phases is: Poorly crystalline aluminosilicate → sodalite → Na–A zeolite. A literature review shows that this is an unusual example of the occurrence of natural zeolites in sedimentary marine rocks recognized around the world.

Evaluating the Extender Characteristics of Some Local Materials in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria for Applications in the Paints Industry

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (43) ◽  
pp. 2355-2365
Author(s):  
Ifeoma Janefrances Umunakwe ◽  
Reginald Umunakwe ◽  
Victor Adeola Popoola ◽  
Uzoma Samuel Nwigwe ◽  
Akinlabi Oyetunji
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ondo State

ABSTRACTSoil samples were obtained from three different locations; Ijapo, Ibule and FUTA North Gate in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The materials were dried, crushed and calcined by heating the samples in a muffle furnace to 850 °C, holding for three hours and and then brought out of the furnace to cool in the laboratory so that the organic and volatile matter escaped, and the oxide content increased. The calcined materials were milled with a ball mill and then sieved with 75 µm mesh size British standard sieves. The samples that passed through the sieves were collected for analysis to determine their extender characteristics through x-ray flouresence (XRF) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific gravity, oil absorption, pH and refractive index measurements as well as the determination of their resistance to chemicals. XRF results showed that materials are kaolinite in nature. XRD results showed the phase compositions of each sample as materials suitable for applications as extenders in the paints industry. SEM micrographs showed the homogeneity of the samples from Ijapo and FUTA North Gate while the sample from Ibule showed segregation of the phase compositions. The specific gravity, pH, oil absorption and refractive index of each material were within the range of those of commercial extenders used in the paints industry. The calcined materials were found to be resistant to various chemical media. The characterized materials will be suitable as extenders and pigments in the paints industry.

Clay mineral evidence for low-grade Caledonian and Variscan metamorphism in south-western Dyfed, south Wales

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (331) ◽  
pp. 857-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Robinson ◽  
R. A. Nicholls ◽  
L. J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Illite Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Variscan Metamorphism ◽  
Pelitic Rocks

SummaryIllite crystallinity determinations on Palaeozoic pelitic rocks, whose stratigraphic range runs from Lower Cambrian to Westphalian, indicate that anchimetamorphism has affected both the Lower and Upper Palaeozoic sequences. Two metamorphic episodes are in evidence, with the earlier, Caledonian, being of slightly higher grade. The higher anchizone crystallinity values are recorded from the Fishguard area in which mineral assemblages of the prehnite-pumpellyite facies have recently been recognized in basic igneous rocks. The later metamorphic episode has affected rocks to the south of the Variscan front. Here crystallinity values are low anchizone but some straddle the boundary with the diagenetic state. The Pembroke coalfield lies in this southern area and has coals largely of anthracite rank with volatile matter contents of between 10.1 and 5% Grade of metamorphism as indicated by crystallinity and by coal rank data from the Pembroke coalfield shows anomalous results to that described from the main South Wales coalfield. A neo-formed 2M illite from the Variscan spaced cleavage is described with analytical and X-ray diffraction data.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF COAL SEAMS IN THE ARANTIGA AND SELUANG MINE BENGKULU USING PROXIMATE ANALYSIS DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Rafi Maulana ◽  
Ordas Dewanto ◽  
A Raka Abriyansyah
Keyword(s):  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Coal Type

Indonesia as a country that has ample large coal reserves spread across the Sumatera and Kalimantan islands. The huge potential in the region needs further research to be able to find out the quality and excellence of coal resources in order to know the characteristics in detail, then the research was carried out in the Bengkulu Province area by testing coal sample based on Proximate analysis to obtain accurate coal quality results and analysis of coal characteristics in the area can be carried out. The results show that the coal seams in the Arantiga mine have an average value Inherent Moisture is worth 7.49 %, ASH is worth 9.82 %, Volatile Matter is worth 40.99 %, Fixed Carbon is worth 41.70 %, Total Sulfur is worth 0.34 %, Gross Caloric Value is worth 6305 kcal/kg and including of High Volatile A Bituminous coal type, while the Seluang mine has an average value Inherent Moisture is worth 2.07 %, ASH is worth 22.92 %, Volatile Matter is worth 20.26 %, Fixed Carbon is worth 54.78 %, Total Sulfur is worth 0.55 %, Gross Caloric Value is worth 6365 kcal/kg dan and including of Medium Volatile Bituminous coal type.

STUDI PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN CAIRAN SURFAKTAN WETTING AGENT PADA PROSES BARGING BATUBARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Wayan Murdiana ◽  
Agus Triantoro ◽  
Adip Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Fixed Carbon

Di Indonesia, kususnya di wilayah Kalimantan selatan merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki banyak sumberdaya batubara. Batubara adalah salah satu energy alternative di Indonesia yang cukup besar cadangannya. Dalam pemanfaatannya, batubara harus diketahui terlebih dahulu kualitasnya, kualitas batubara merupakan faktor dalam pengambilan keputusan oleh pihak konsumen untuk memilih produk yang dihasilkan oleh produsen. Untuk dapat mengetahui serta memperoleh data kualitas batubara yang dihasilkan selama proses produksi perlu dilakukan kegiatan pengukuran kualitas batubara antara lain total sulfur (TS), ash content (AC), volatile matter (VM), inherent moisture (IM), fixed carbon (FC), calorific value (CV), dan total moisture (TM).Metode analisa yang digunakan untuk kualitas batubara adalah America Society for Testing (ASTM) meliputi pengujian, menghitung Total Moisture (TM) batubara yang sebelum dan setelah disemprot dengan cairan surfaktan wetting agent dan menghitung ash Sampel batubara sebelum dan setelah disemprot dengan cairan surfaktan wetting agent.Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan bahwa rata-rata TM batubara sebelum disemprot dengan cairan surfaktan wetting agent adalah 37,762% dan TM batubara setelah disemprot engan cairan surfaktan wetting agent adalah 36,105%. Sedangkan rata-rata nilai ash batubara sebelum disemprot dengan cairan surfaktan wetting agent adalah 5,78% dan nilai ash setelah disemprot dengan cairan surfaktan wetting agent adalah 5,58%. Kata-kata kunci: Batubara, Surfaktan Wetting agent.

Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Gaseous Products of Lignite

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 883-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Liang Zhou ◽  
Quan Sheng Liu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Ying Yue Teng ◽  
Ke Duan Zhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Calcium Sulfide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Cracking Reaction ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Temperature-programmed pyrolysis of SL-lignite from Xilinhaote was investigated. The solid and gaseous pyrolysates were analyzed by means of gas chromatography(GC) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The weight percents of surface moisture, ash, C, H and S increase with increasing the pyrolysis temperature in solid pyrolysates, while the volatile matter is contrary. The cracking reaction occurs before 600°C, the consolidation reaction happens between 600°C and 650°C, while the polycondensation or secondary reaction appears after 650°C. Calcium sulfide is formed by the process of decomposition of calcium sulphates at 900°C. The solid pyrolysates become more graphitic with increasing the pyrolysis temperature.

scholarly journals Impact of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Properties of Eucalyptus Wood-Derived Biochar

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5841
Author(s):  
Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes ◽  
Kassio Ferreira Mendes ◽  
Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior ◽  
Vinícius Patrício da Silva Caldeira ◽  
Taliane Maria da Silva Teófilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pyrolysis conditions directly influence biochar properties and, consequently, influence the potential use of biochar. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different pyrolysis temperatures (450, 550, 650, 750, 850, and 950 °C) on the hydrogen potential, electrical conductivity, ash content, yield, volatile matter content, elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results, X-ray diffraction results, scanning electron microscopy results, specific surface area, and micropore volume of eucalyptus wood-derived biochar. The degree of linear association between pyrolysis temperatures and biochar properties was examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed a positive correlation of the pyrolysis temperature with the hydrogen potential value, electrical conductivity, and elemental carbon. There was a negative correlation of the pyrolysis temperature with the yield, volatile matter content, elemental oxygen, elemental hydrogen, surface area, aromaticity, hydrophilicity, and polarity indexes. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data indicated an increase in aromaticity and a decrease in the polarity of high-temperature biochar. The increased pyrolysis temperature caused the loss of cellulose and crystalline mineral components, as indicated by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy images. These results indicated that changing the pyrolysis temperature enables the production of biochar from the same raw material with a wide range of physicochemical properties, which allows its use in various types of agricultural and environmental activities.

scholarly journals STUDI KARAKTERISTIK MINERAL PIRIT PADA BATUBARA BERDASARKAN HASIL ANALISIS MIKROSKOPI, PROKSIMAT, SULFUR TOTAL, DAN X-RAY DIFRACTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Widodo ◽  
Sufriadin Sufriadin ◽  
Ansyariah Ansyariah ◽  
Agus Ardianto Budiman ◽  
Nur Asmiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Mine

Mineral pirit merupakan salah satu mineral sulfida yang sangat sering dijumpai di dalam batubara. Kehadiran mineral pirit sangat berpotensi menimbulkan masalah pada kegiatan penambangan dan pemanfaatan batubara. Terkhusus pada kegiatan penambangan, mineral pirit berpotensi menimbulkan air asam tambang (acid mine drainage) dan pada pemanfaatannya menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Permasalahan tersebut melatarbelakangi penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan penelitian dan analisis terhadap karakteristik mineral pirit yang terkandung pada batubara di Desa Massenrengpulu, Kecamatan Lamuru, Kabupaten Bone, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis mikroskopi (petrografi), ultimat (total sulfur) dan X-Ray Diffraction. Hasil analisis mikroskopi menunjukkan bahwa mineral pirit pada batubara di bawah mikroskop terlihat dalam keadaan bebas (tidak terikat) dan tidak terinklusi oleh mineral lain. Kenampakan di bawah mikroskop juga memperlihatkan adanya mineral kuarsa yang diinklusi oleh mineral karbonat. Kenampakan mineral pirit (FeS2) (iron sulfide) memperlihatkan warna krem pucat, isotropik, relief tinggi, berbutir halus, tersebar tidak merata pada massa maseral. Hasil pengamatan mikroskop menunjukkan bahwa bentuk mineral pirit yang dominan adalah bentuk pirit framboidal yang terdiri dari kristal oktahedral, ukuran halus dan speroidal. Hasil analisis XRD memperlihatkan mineral pirit terdeteksi dalam difaktogram pada semua conto batubara ML-1, ML-2A, ML-3, ML-4 dan ML-F. Pada sampel ML-1 terlihat peak tertinggi dengan sudut 2θ 33.26o dan  intensitas 2.6195Å. Pada Conto ML-1 juga terlihat di sudut 2θ 57.982o dengan intensitas 1.5893Å dan peak pirit masih sangat mendominasi dan mempunyai sistem kristal isometrik. Hasil analisis ultimat (total sulfur) conto batubara yang diteliti memiliki kandungan sulfur minimum 1,54% (sampel ML-F) dan  maksimum 11,86% (sampel ML-1). Rata-rata kandungan sulfur total pada sampel batubara di daerah penelitian memperlihatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 5,18%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa batubara yang dianalisis dikatagorikan sebagai batubara dengan kandungan sulfur yang tinggi. Mineral pirit merupakan mineral sulfida yang paling umum dijumpai pada batubara dan memberikan kontribusi yang besar terhadap kandungan sulfur pada batubara. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan, karakteristik pirit pada batubara yang terdapat di daerah penelitian berpotensi memicu terbentuknya air asam tambang dan dapat menimbulkan masalah dalam pemanfaatannya.Kata Kunci: batubara, mineral pirit, total sulfur, mikroskopi, XRD, air asam tambang.

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis of Synthetic Waste during Combustion Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 220-227
Author(s):  
Sukarni Sukarni ◽  
Lukman Arifianto Andi Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The availability of synthetic waste (SW) continuously increases, but on the contrary fossil fuels resources always decrease. The potential of SW for alternative fuel is critical to investigate for overcoming the problem generated from its overabundance and to provide its value-added. In this study, the changes of the macromolecular and the mineralogical during the SW combustion processes were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The combustion has been performed by using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at a heating rate of 10 °C/min, from 25 to 1000 °C, with 100 ml/min constant flowrate of air atmosphere. According to the TGA results, the decomposition stage of the sample can be identified as a function of temperature and time. From ambient temperatures to 293 °C the sample experienced the first decomposition process that was correlated with the moisture losses and light volatile release. Macromolecular changes occurred at the temperature 293 °C where functional group of C–H in methylene was decomposed due to the removal of volatile matter. From the temperature of 293 to 485 °C the sample underwent the second stage of decomposition. The XRD result showed that mineral changes occurred at the temperature of 485 °C where the KCl compound was formed. In line with the escalating temperature, SiO2 was decomposed at a temperature of 590 °C. The final stage occurred at the temperature 625 to 1000 °C indicated by constant of TG line. At 625 °C, XRD result indicated the significant increasing of the CaCO3 compound.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK BATUBARA TERPENGARUH INTRUSI DI TAMBANG AIR LAYA, SUMATRA SELATAN DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI MATERIAL UNTUK PEMBUATAN GRAFIT SINTETIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-200
Author(s):  
Arsha Maulana ◽  
Ferian Anggara
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy

Grafit dapat diaplikasikan dalam berbagai macam kegunaan misal sebagai material tahan panas, baterai, dan elektroda. Material grafit bisa didapat melalui grafit sintetis yang berasal dari batubara antrasit yang terpanaskan pada suhu di atas 2000ºC. Kondisi batubara yang terpanaskan secara alami dapat ditemui pada batubara yang terpengaruh intrusi batuan beku di Tambang Air Laya (TAL), Tanjung Enim, Sumatra Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik batubara terpengaruh intrusi batuan beku dan potensinya sebagai material untuk pembentukan grafit sintetis. Empat sampel batubara yang berasal dari 4 seam dengan jarak bervariasi terhadap intrusi diambil dan dipreparasi untuk dilakukan analisis sayatan poles, random vitrinite reflectance (Rvr), proksimat, X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Total Carbon (TC), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Inorganic Carbon (TIC), serta analisis micro-Raman spectroscopy. Batubara terpengaruh intrusi batuan beku di lokasi penelitian mengalami kenaikan vitrinite reflectance dan kandungan fixed carbon (karbon tertambat) serta penurunan nilai moisture (kadar lengas) dan volatile matter (zat terbang) seiring berkurangnya jarak terhadap tubuh intrusi. Batubara seam A1 berperingkat low volatile bituminous coal (%Ro= 2,01%) yang memiliki jarak terdekat dengan tubuh intrusi memiliki derajat pembatubaraan dan kandungan presentase mineral tertinggi. Batubara seam A1 memiliki banyak asosiasi mineral lempung yang dijumpai seperti ilit, smektit, dan rektorit sehingga dapat meningkatkan derajat kristalinitas dalam proses pembatubaraan dan akan mempermudah pada proses pembentukan grafit sintesis dalam proses selanjutnya.

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