Sleep Disorders Among Commercial Airline Pilots

BACKGROUND: Over the next 20 yr, international market expansion will necessitate the production of new commercial airplanes and the recruitment of additional crewmembers and technicians. Research has proven that fatigue and lack of sleep are risk factors for impaired cognitive performance and human error. Pilots frequently report fatigue to their employers, which may be related to sleep disturbance. Airline pilots, in particular, often experience circadian desynchronization and other types of sleep disorders. Shift workers have been observed to be at higher risk of fatigue that affects their performance and alertness. In Saudi Arabia, sleep disorders among airline pilots are understudied and underreported. The primary objective of this study was to screen for and determine the risk of sleep disorders, fatigue, and depression among pilots.METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study with national commercial pilots was conducted from March 2019 to March 2020 using validated questionnaires to screen for the risk of sleep disorders, fatigue, and depression.RESULTS: In total, 344 pilots participated in the study. Half the sample was at risk for insomnia and fatigue. Older and more experienced pilots were less likely to suffer impaired sleep quality, insomnia, sleepiness, fatigue, and depression. In total, 59 (17.2%) pilots were at high risk for sleep apnea.CONCLUSION: The current study found that pilots were at risk of developing sleep disorders. A more robust and objective assessment is warranted for screening.Alzehairi A, Alhejaili F, Wali S, Al Qassas I, Balkhyour M, Pandi-Perumal SR. Sleep disorders among commercial airline pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(12):937–944.

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Sleep disturbance scale for children as a diagnostic tool for sleep disorders in adolescents

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi58.3.2018.133-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 133-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Herwanto Herwanto ◽

Hesti Lestari ◽

Sarah M. Warouw ◽

Praevilia M. Salendu

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Test Study ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Background. Sleep is an essential needs for every children. Sleep may cause a large effect on mental health, emotional, physical and immune system. If sleeping time is not sufficient, then sleep disturbance may occur. Objective assessment of the sleeping quality can be done by using Polysomnography and Actigraphy, while for assessing the subjectivity of sleeping quality and quantity can be used questionnaires or interviews. Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children or SDSC is a multidimensional sleeping assessment questionnaire.Objective. To determine the quality of sleeping in adolescents using SDSC.Methods. We conducted a diagnostic test study using cross sectional method, during March to April 2015 at the elementary schools in manado. The inclusion criteria were healthy adolescent aged 10 to 12 years, the parents were willing to sign the informed consent and answer the questionnaire, agreed to attach the wristactigraph. All datas were analyzed using chi square test and table 2 x 2 to showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predicitive value and negative predictive value.Results. Of 60 adolescents, 31 were female and 29 were male with the mean age 11.39 years. The results showed the sensitivity of SDSC was 80.6%, the specificity was 37.9%, the positive predictive value was 58.1% and negative predictive value was 64.7%.Conclusions. Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children is a good screening tool for early detection of sleep disorders in a adolescent.

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DETERMINING NEW ANTHROPOMETRIC MARKERS FOR SCREENING TYPE 2 DM IN A CARIBBEAN REGION.

10.36106/ijsr/8504932 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 58-61

Author(s):

Amruta Rajput ◽

Upendra K Gupta ◽

Guri Tzivion ◽

Ravindrasingh Rajput

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Wrist Circumference ◽

Dence Interval

The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in the Caribbean is high. BMI has been criticized as a measure for predicting T2 DM development because it does not discern between fat mass and muscle mass, nor does it reect an individual's fat distribution. The primary objective of the study was to determine the association between Indices using height, waist, hip, thigh, arm, and wrist circumference (cm) with development of T2 DM by comparing it to existing markers in test subjects and assessing their feasibility as predictive indicators for the development of Type 2 DM. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 331 subjects were involved in the study utilizing health centers and health camps in St Kitts (West Indies). Height was measured using Stadiometer, Weight using a calibrated digital weighing scale. Waist, hip, thigh, arm, and wrist circumference (cm) was measured using calibrated tape. ABI (Arav Body Index) is measured using a ratio of Waist and Combined Thigh & Height, Thigh to waist ratio (TWR) and Wrist to arm ratio (WAR) was compared to WHtR, WHR and BMI. ABI had the highest AUROC value among the ve adiposity indices (0.803, 95% condence interval [CI], 0.755 to 0.851; 0.785, 95% CI, 0.735 to 0.835 for WHtR; WHtR (0.785), WTR (0.672), WAR (0.652) and BMI (0.626). The cutoff values for ABI were 0.43. Among subjects with ABI less than 0.42, 83.8% (129) did not have type 2 DM and ABI more than 0.48, 90.2 % (51) had T2 DM. Hence, higher ABI strongly correlates with development of T2 DM. We conclude that ABI could be a more reliable tool for identifying individuals at risk of developing type 2 DM. This will help at-risk individuals to take preventive measures like lifestyle modication.

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Prevalence of Sleep Disorders and Their Impacts on Occupational Performance: A Comparison between Shift Workers and Nonshift Workers

Sleep Disorders ◽

10.1155/2014/870320 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Zohreh Yazdi ◽

Khosro Sadeghniiat-Haghighi ◽

Ziba Loukzadeh ◽

Khadijeh Elmizadeh ◽

Mahnaz Abbasi

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Work Performance ◽

Modern Society ◽

Berlin Questionnaire ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shift Workers ◽

Significant Difference

The consequences of sleep deprivation and sleepiness have been noted as the most important health problem in our modern society among shift workers. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders and their possible effects on work performance in two groups of Iranian shift workers and nonshift workers. This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The data were collected by PSQI, Berlin questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and RLS Questionnaire. Occupational impact of different sleep disorders was detected by Occupational Impact of Sleep Disorder questionnaire. These questionnaires were filled in by 210 shift workers and 204 nonshift workers. There was no significant difference in the age, BMI, marital status, and years of employment in the two groups. Shift workers scored significantly higher in the OISD. The prevalence of insomnia, poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness was significantly higher in shift workers. Correlations between OISD scores and insomnia, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness were significant. We concluded that sleep disorders should receive more attention as a robust indicator of work limitation.

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Sleep Quality among College Students in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Nepal Medical Journal ◽

10.37080/nmj.61 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Rakshya Khadka ◽

Suman Bista ◽

Swechhya Baskota ◽

Lisasha Poudel ◽

Minani Gurung

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

At Risk ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Academic Failure ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Medical Illness ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Many college students suffer from sleep disorders, including insomnia, and sleep deprivation, resulting in a poor sleep quality. Students are at risk for sleep disorders, and those at risk may also be at risk for academic failure. The main aim of the study is to assess the level of sleep quality among college students in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 504 students of class 11 and 12 of any faculties among selected colleges of Kathmandu. Simple random sampling was used for selection of colleges. Ethical approval was taken before data collection. Participants with chronic medical illness and mental disorders were excluded from the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the information related to socio-demography, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to assess the sleep quality in college students. All data extracted from questionnaires were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 504 students, 40.9% were found to have good sleep quality, whereas, 59.1% were found to have poor sleep quality. 55.21% of male students and 65.78% of female students had poor sleep quality. 58.30% of science students and 59.85 % of management students had poor sleep quality. Conclusions: The quality of sleep among Nepalese college students was found to be poor. Many colleges are unaware of the risks or issues to the students.

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Minerals Intake Distributions in a Large Sample of Iranian at-Risk Population Using the National Cancer Institute Method: Do They Meet Their Requirements?

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000232 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 (3-4) ◽

pp. 129-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zahra Heidari ◽

Awat Feizi ◽

Leila Azadbakht ◽

Nizal Sarrafzadegan

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

National Cancer Institute ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Function ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

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A Silenced Population

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000470 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 433-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kim Gryglewicz ◽

Melanie Bozzay ◽

Brittany Arthur-Jordon ◽

Gabriela D. Romero ◽

Melissa Witmeier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

At Risk Youth ◽

Peer Relationship ◽

Student Records ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Method Student

Abstract. Background: Given challenges that exceed the normal developmental requirements of adolescence, deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) youth are believed to be at elevated risk for engaging in suicide-related behavior (SRB). Unfortunately, little is known about the mechanisms that put these youth potentially at risk. Aims: To determine whether peer relationship difficulties are related to increased risk of SRB in DHH youth. Method: Student records (n = 74) were retrieved from an accredited educational center for deaf and blind students in the United States. Results: Peer relationship difficulties were found to be significantly associated with engagement in SRB but not when accounting for depressive symptomatology. Limitations: The restricted sample limits generalizability. Conclusions regarding risk causation cannot be made due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. Conclusion: These results suggest the need for future research that examines the mechanisms of the relationship between peer relationship difficulties, depression, and suicide risk in DHH youth and potential preventive interventions to ameliorate the risks for these at-risk youth.

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Low Back Pain in Commercial Airline Pilots

Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance ◽

10.3357/amhp.5656.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (12) ◽

pp. 940-947

Author(s):

Matthias Albermann ◽

Maria Lehmann ◽

Christian Eiche ◽

Joachim Schmidt ◽

Johannes Prottengeier

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Online Survey ◽

German Population ◽

Low Back ◽

Airline Pilots ◽

Acute Low Back Pain ◽

Commercial Airline ◽

Negative Effect

BACKGROUND: In their working life, airline pilots are exposed to particular risk factors that promote nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Because of the varying incidence internationally, we evaluated the point prevalences of acute, subacute, and chronic nonspecific LBP, as well as the current prevalences in German airline pilots. Furthermore, we compared the prevalence to the general German population and to European counterparts.METHODS: An anonymous online survey of 698 participating German airline pilots was evaluated. The impairment between groups was analyzed. Prevalences from our data were compared to existing data.RESULTS: The following point prevalences were found: 8.2% acute, 2.4% subacute, 82.7% chronic LBP; 74.1% of all individuals were suffering from current LBP when answered the questionnaire. A total time spent flying greater than 600 h within the last 12 mo was significantly related to acute nonspecific LBP. Individuals with any type of LBP were significantly impaired compared to those unaffected. It was found that German airline pilots suffer more often from current LBP than the general population and have a higher point prevalence of total LBP than their European counterparts.CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation showed a surprisingly high, previously unidentified, prevalence of nonspecific LBP in German airline pilots. Why German airline pilots suffer more often from LBP remains uncertain. The number of flying hours appears to have a negative effect on developing acute low back pain, but causation cannot be concluded. Other risk factors could not be confirmed.Albermann M, Lehmann M, Eiche C, Schmidt J, Prottengeier J. Low back pain in commercial airline pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12):940947.

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Binge Eating and Problem Gambling are Associated with Common and Distinct Deficits in Emotion Regulation among Community Women: Results from a Prospective Study

10.31234/osf.io/v9nbs ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Farstad ◽

Kristin M. von Ranson

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Problem Gambling ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Emotion Dysregulation ◽

Behavioral Addiction ◽

Negative Urgency ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Problem

To elucidate similarities and differences between binge eating and a behavioral addiction, this prospective study compared facets of emotion regulation that were associated with problem gambling, the only formally recognized behavioral addiction, and binge eating. Community-based women (N = 202) who engaged in at-risk binge eating (n = 79), at-risk gambling (n = 36), or both (n = 87) completed four online assessments over six months. Baseline and six-month surveys assessed self-reported emotion dysregulation (using the DERS and UPPS-P), binge eating (using the EDE-Q), and gambling (using the PGSI); abbreviated two- and four-month surveys assessed only binge eating and gambling. Binge eating and problem gambling were both associated with emotion dysregulation, and greater positive urgency was correlated with more severe problem gambling but less frequent binge eating. Negative urgency explained no unique variance in binge eating or problem gambling changes over time, once other facets of emotion dysregulation (i.e., positive urgency and facets assessed by the DERS) were included. Thus, previous cross-sectional research may have overestimated the association of negative urgency with both binge eating and problem gambling. Overall, these findings suggest that binge eating and problem gambling are associated with common as well as distinct emotion regulation deficits.

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Use of Ceftaroline in Hospitalized Patients with and without COVID-19: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10070763 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 763

Author(s):

Daniele Roberto Giacobbe ◽

Chiara Russo ◽

Veronica Martini ◽

Silvia Dettori ◽

Federica Briano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Line Therapy ◽

Large Teaching Hospital ◽

Secondary Objective ◽

Medical Wards

A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the use of ceftaroline in a large teaching hospital in Northern Italy, during a period also including the first months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary objective was to describe the use of ceftaroline in terms of indications and characteristics of patients. A secondary objective was to describe the rate of favorable clinical response in patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA-BSI) receiving ceftaroline. Overall, 200 patients were included in the study. Most of them had COVID-19 (83%, 165/200) and were hospitalized in medical wards (78%, 155/200). Included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were given empirical ceftaroline in the suspicion of bacterial co-infection or superinfection. Among patients with MRSA-BSI, ceftaroline was used as a first-line therapy and salvage therapy in 25% (3/12) and 75% (9/12) of cases, respectively, and as a monotherapy or in combination with daptomycin in 58% (7/12) and 42% (5/12) of patients, respectively. A favorable response was registered in 67% (8/12) of patients. Improving etiological diagnosis of bacterial infections is essential to optimize the use of ceftaroline in COVID-19 patients. The use of ceftaroline for MRSA-BSI, either as a monotherapy or in combination with other anti-MRSA agents, showed promising rates of favorable response.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03755-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nader Salari ◽

Niloofar Darvishi ◽

Behnam Khaledi-Paveh ◽

Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani ◽

Rostam Jalali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Third ◽

Physical Problems ◽

Meta Regression Analysis

Abstract Background Sleep disorders, which are among the foremost important medical care issues, are prevalent in pregnancy. The present study is a meta-analysis of the prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy. This study aims to systematically review the overall prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy through conducting a meta-analysis. Method The literature used in this meta-analysis for the topic discussed above were obtained through searching several databases, including SID, MagIran, IranDoc, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed Science Direct and Google Scholar databases without time limitation until December 2020. Articles developed based on cross-sectional studies were included in the study. The heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I2 index. Also, the possible effects of heterogeneity in the studied studies are investigated using meta-regression analysis. Result In 10 articles and 8798 participants aged between11–40, the overall prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy based on meta-analysis was 42.4% (95% CI: 32.9–52.5%). It was reported that as the sample size increases, the prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy increases. Conversely, as the year of research increases, the prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy decreases. Both of these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Insomnia was highly prevalent in the last trimester of pregnancy. Sleep disorders are neglected among pregnant women, and they are considered natural. While sleep disturbances can cause mental and physical problems in pregnant women, they can consequently cause problems for the fetus. As a result, maintaining the physical and mental health of pregnant mothers is very important. It is thus recommended that in addition to having regular visits during pregnancy, pregnant women should also be continuously monitored for sleep-related disorders.

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