scholarly journals Kajian Pendirian Usaha Biji Plastik di Kabupaten Pati, Jawa Tengah

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Arieyanti Dwi Astuti ◽  
Jatmiko Wahyudi ◽  
Aeda Ernawati ◽  
Siti Qorrotu Aini
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Financial Perspective ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Simple Technology ◽  
A Company

ENGLISHEstablishment of a company which recycles plastic waste into plastic pellet not only benefits for eliminating waste but also for driving circular economy. Recycling plastic waste in particular low density polyethylene (LDPE) can be conducted in a small-scale industry with simple technology and low investment. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of a plastics pellet business from both financial and non-financial perspectives. Financial perspective encompasses net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period (PP) while non-financial perspective includes market, technical, socio-economic and environmental aspects. The result shows that according to both financial and non-financial aspects, the establishment of recycling company is feasible. The recycling business has the NPV= IDR 10,631,879,342; IRR = 15.38%; and PP = 2 years 1 months 26 days. As main raw material, LDPE is abundant and the demand for plastic pellet continues to grow. Technically, the company will be situated close to landfill considering many factors in order to comply with the regulation. From socio-economic aspect, the company will create jobs and generates local taxes. Environmentally, utilizing 3.6 tons of LDPE daily from landfill enables the company to lengthen life span of landfill and to eliminate plastic waste. INDONESIAPendirian perusahaan daur ulang yang memproses sampah plastik menjadi biji plastik memberikan manfaat tidak hanya untuk mengurangi timbulan sampah namun juga dapat untuk menggerakkan perputaran ekonomi. Daur ulang sampah plastik khususnya plastik jenis Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE) dapat dijalankan oleh perusahaan berskala kecil dengan menggunakan teknologi sederhana dan modal yang tidak terlalu tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kelayakan usaha biji plastik ditinjau dari aspek finansial dan non finansial. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha daur ulang sampah plastik jenis LDPE menjadi biji plastik layak untuk dijalankan. Berdasarkan aspek finansial, usaha ini memiliki nilai NPV = Rp10.631.879.342; IRR = 15,38%; PP = 2 tahun 1 bulan 26 hari. Bahan baku sampah plastik LDPE tersedia melimpah dan belum banyak didaur ulang. Selain itu permintaan terhadap produk biji plastik terus mengalami peningkatan. Lokasi perusahaan direncanakan terletak tidak jauh dari Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) Sukoharjo Kabupaten Pati dengan pertimbangan lokasi tersebut memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh peraturan. Pendirian usaha daur ulang berpotensi membuka lapangan kerja dan memberikan pajak daerah. Ditinjau dari aspek lingkungan, kemampuan perusahaan untuk mendaur ulang 3,6 ton sampah plastik LDPE per hari berkontribusi untuk memperpanjang usia pakai TPA dan dapat mengurangi timbulan sampah plastik.

scholarly journals RANCANGBANGUN MESIN PRES GENTENG SISTEM MEKANIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TRANSMISI ULIR TRAPESIUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Yon Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Level Production

The problem which is often faced by small scale industry is the conventional problems, i.e. product quality, capacities, technology, management, marketing and capital. Its low quality of roof tile product yielded by Small and Middle Industry because of raw material quality, technological process applied, labour skill and equipments of production. While the capacity of production is influenced by labour skill, equipments of production and availability of raw material. Mechanism of roof tile press machine which is used during this time (existing equipment) by small scale roof tile industry is machine of manual press by exploiting arm torque. The weakness from this system is the lack of density of tile affected by low emphasis force (100 kgs) and long production cycle. This condition will produce roof tile with low density and low production capacity ( 80 roof liles per machine unit every hour). The solution offered to overcome the problem of quality and capacity of roof tile product is by improving the performance of production equipments, so that production process which is counducted can produce the better product and higher level production capacity. The old roof  tile press machine will all its insuffiency will be substituted with the roof tile press machine using transmission power screw. The new design of press machine can produce the emphasis force 220 kgs and production capacity 150 roof tile per machine unit every 1 hour.

Small-Scale Industry in Malawi

1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Ettema
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Simple Technology ◽  
Economic Considerations

Interest in the real potential of small-scale enterprise dates from the early 1970s, when it was gradually realised that the industrialisation policies pursed by many developing countries would not be able to create enough employment. It was observed, moreover, that a large part of the active population was engaged in petty trade and crafts, particularly in urban centres. Thus, in addition to the modern, ‘formal’ type of economic activity, an ‘informal’ sector was identified with the following distinctive features: (1) The production processes are labour-intensive, based on simple technology. (2) The smallness of the various industries enables their owners to work as managers as well as producers, and to have direct contact with their employees, while some relationships may be based on non-economic considerations. (3) The enterprises often break the law — that is, they seldom adhere to legally fixed minimum wages, they frequently neglect to observe safety and other regulations, and they tend to evade registration and tax obligations.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI KECIL TAHU DI KABUPATEN TEGAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Mubaranto ◽  
Ma’mun Sarma ◽  
Lukman M. Baga
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Strategy Process ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
And Control

The purposes of this study are to analyze the business performance and the ability of the tofu industry to become economic base, analyze the factors that affect the performance, and formulate strategies for the development of tofu small scale industry. The data of this study was collected through field survey, in-depth interviews with related experts, questionnaire technique and study documents. The data was analyized using the business feasibility, Hayami added value, regression, LQ, IFE and EFE, and SWOT. The business feasibility analysis of the tofu small scale industry has met all requirements. The production inputs and labour are significantly influence for the performance of tofu small scale industry. The tofu small scale industry becomes an economic base commodity in Adiwerna, Pangkah, and Tarub Subdistricts. Strategies on the development of tofu small scale industry in Tegal District among others are improving: the image of tofu to the higher level of consumer by packaging and brand design, the regional branding, the market penetration of the supply chain and control of soybean prices, and using alternative tofu raw material, optimizing the economic value of waste.Keywords: Development strategy, process food industry, Tegal District, small scale industry ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis kinerja usaha dan kemampuan industri kecil tahu menjadi basis ekonomi, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja dan merumuskan strategi pengembangan industri kecil tahu. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui survei lapangan, wawancara mendalam dengan pakar, kuesioner dan studi dokumen. Teknik pengolahan data menggunakan analisis kelayakan usaha, nilai tambah Hayami, regresi, LQ, IFE dan EFE, dan SWOT. Analisa kelayakan usaha industri kecil tahu telah memenuhi semua persyaratan. Input produksi dan tenaga kerja merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja industri kecil tahu. Industri kecil tahu mampu menjadi komoditas basis ekonomi di Kecamatan Adiwerna, Kecamatan Pangkah dan Kecamatan Tarub. Alternatif strategi pengembangan industri kecil tahu di Kabupaten Tegal antara lain adalah meningkatkan: citra produk guna membidik kelas konsumen yang lebih tinggi melalui desain kemasan dan merek, regional branding, penetrasi terhadap rantai suplai dan pengendalian harga kedelai, dan memanfaatkan bahan baku tahu alternatif, optimalisasi nilai ekonomi limbah industri tahu.Kata kunci : Industri kecil, industri makanan olahan, Kabupaten Tegal, strategi pengembangan

scholarly journals Plant Layout for Small Scale Food Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafis Khuriyati ◽  
Anggoro C. Sukartiko ◽  
Annisa Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Material Flow ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plant Layout ◽  
Space Utilization ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Low Efficiency

<p>Small scale food industries are identical with labor intensive, low efficiency, and bad housekeeping. It needs specific improvement of performance related to their raw material characteristics as agricultural commodities. The study was conducted to improve the performance of small cracker industry through improved plant layout. It was done by considering the material flow, relationship between activities, food safety, equipment and workers' allowances, space utilization. Plant layout modification improves the small scale cracker industry in terms of material flow, the risk of contamination, space utilization, work safety, and energy for material handling. <br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Crackers, energy expenditure, material handling, plant layout, small scale industry</p>

scholarly journals Preferensi Konsumen dan Pedagang Mi Bakso terhadap Mi Basah Jagung Teknologi Ekstrusi

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
Nurheni Sri Palupi ◽  
Feri Kusnandar ◽  
Tjahja Muhandri ◽  
Gema Buana Putra
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Sensory Acceptance ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Simple Technology ◽  
Extrusion Technology ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Test

Corn wet noodle produced by an extrusion technology is easily applicable in a small scale industry due to its low investment and simple technology and can use to produce corn wet or dried noodles using 100 % corn flour. Consumer perception of wet corn noodle is an important step prior to its commercialization. The research aimed to evaluate sensory acceptance and consumer preferences of corn wet noodle according to consumers and vendor opinion. Data was collected through direct interviews to respondents selected by a purposive sampling method. Respondents consisted of 20 meatball noodle vendor and 100 consumers. Data were analyzed with frequency tables, Wilcoxon rank test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Sensory attributes (flavor, aroma, texture, color, and aftertaste) and overall acceptance of the corn wet noodles were evaluated. The results showed that the sensory scores of corn wet noodle ranged from neutral (score 3) to slightly liked (score 4). Age, trading experience, and cooking procedure before serving of vendors did not have any significant effect to sensory product acceptance. Similarly, age, purchasing power, and the frequency of consumers in eating meatball noodles did not influence the product acceptance. The majority of vendors (85%) and consumers (72%) did not recognize wet noodle corn. As many as 80% of consumers stated that wet corn noodles were suitable for corn meatball noodle. 85% of vendors and 87% of consumers were willing to declare corn wet noodles in meatball noodle selling

scholarly journals Development of a small-scale plastic recycling technology and a special filament product for 3D printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
Alaeddine Oussai ◽  
Zoltán Bártfai ◽  
László Kátai ◽  
István Szalkai
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Recycled Plastics ◽  
Electronic Parts

In our days, the fight against pollution has become a real challenge for the state. recycling is one of the solutions that is adopted in several nations to reduce the rate of plastic discarded in nature. The amount of plastic waste has been increasing for decades contributing to the environmental pollution that is one of the most serious problem of the mankind. according to the statistics not only the household plastic waste, but the industry discharge is increasing because the utilization of plastic as a raw material is more and more extending. plastic can be found in a lot of products, huge number of bottles, plastic bags, computers, auto parts are sold every day. The current applications for using recycled plastics in fabrication and design are fairly limited, on a small scale, plastics (such as abs, HDPe1, or Pe2t) are shredded and formed into pellets, and then either extruded into lament to be used in existing 3d printers, or injection molded into small parts and pieces of larger components. at a large scale, recycled HDpE is melted into sheets and either used directly as sheets in construction, or then heat formed from a sheet into components for construction. these methods of fabrication using recycled plastics are the norm because of their straightforward processes. nevertheless, each method leaves some complexity to be desired. This paper we study the types of plastics and diagnose the pollution caused by the latter. this allowed us to design and size a recycling station of plastic into filaments for three-dimensional printers. this station which will contribute to the fight against pollution. the station consists of two machines for grinding of the plastic and the other for the extrusion of the desired filaments. we were able to make a theoretical academic study on both machines and also we designed with solidworks 2015. The theoretical study is spread of the mechanical calculations necessary to the design and validation of the structure using the tools. as the prospect of this project, we want to complete the achievement of this station while completing the crusher and extruder mechanically. then switch to electric and electronic parts (introduction of engines, sensors and wiring...). In the case of waste plastics that are recyclable and reusable. the most widely used are polyethylene terephthalate (pet, used for synthetic fibers and water bottles), and second high-density polyethylene (hdpe, used for jugs, bottle caps, water pipes).

Production of low-density poly-ethylene (LDPE) from chemical recycling of plastic waste: Process analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 119837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Santagata ◽  
Gaetano Iaquaniello ◽  
Annarita Salladini ◽  
Emanuela Agostini ◽  
Mauro Capocelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Poly Ethylene

scholarly journals Kajian Karakteristik dan Energi pada Pirolisis Limbah Plastik Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Novarini Novarini ◽  
Sigit Kurniawan ◽  
Rusdianasari Rusdianasari ◽  
Yohandri Bow
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Limbah plastik Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE) tidak dapat terurai oleh mikroorganisme, tidak bernilai jual sehingga tertimbun di Tempat Pembuangan Sampah Akhir. Salah satu metoda pengolahan limbah plastik adalah proses pirolisis. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan jenis bahan bakar minyak (BBM) produk pirolisis dan menentukan efisiensi tertinggi yaitu nilai tertinggi energi yang dihasilkan terhadap penggunaan bahan bakar untuk proses pirolisis. Peralatan pirolisis yang digunakan adalah 1 unit reaktor dan 1 unit kondensor. Karakteristik BBM yang dianalisa adalah cetane index, density, sulfur content, kinematic viscosity, flash point, dan caloric value dari proses pirolisis yang memvariasikan temperatur pembakaran di reaktor 200°C, 250°C, 300°C dan proses di reaktor dengan dan tanpa penggunaan 1% katalis zeolit alam terhadap 2,5 kg limbah plastik LDPE selama 6 jam. Setelah BBM yang dihasilkan terindentifikasi jenisnya, dilakukan pengkajian efisiensi energi produk BBM terhadap penggunaan bahan bakar pada proses pirolisis. Hasil analisa terhadap karakteristik produk BBM yang dihasilkan di setiap variasi temperatur pirolisis dengan dan tanpa penggunaan katalis merupakan bahan bakar jenis kerosin. Efisiensi tertinggi sebesar 72,51% adalah pada kerosin yang dihasilkan pada pirolisis menggunakan katalis pada temperatur 250°C dengan perbandingan nilai energi 20.402 kkal untuk kerosin hasil pirolisis limbah plastik LDPE dan 28.137 kkal untuk penggunaan bahan bakar Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) pada proses pirolisis. Pirolisis dengan penggunaan katalis zeolit 1% pada suhu 250°C terbukti menjadi cara yang efisien dan berkelanjutan untuk pengolahan limbah LDPE menjadi BBM jenis kerosin.Low-Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE), plastic waste cannot be broken down by microorganisms in the soil, has no sale value, so it is buried in the final waste disposal site. One of the plastic waste treatment methods is the pyrolysis process. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of fuel oil from pyrolysis products and to determine the energy efficiency produced against the highest fuel use. The pyrolysis equipment used is 1 reactor unit and 1 condenser unit. The characteristics of the fuel oil product analyzed are the cetane index, density, sulfur content, kinematic viscosity, flash point, and caloric value of the pyrolysis process which varies the combustion temperature in the reactor by 200°C, 250°C, 300°C and the process in the reactor, with and without the use of natural zeolite catalysts 1% against 2.5 kg of LDPE plastic waste for 6 hours. After the type of fuel produced is identified, an energy efficiency assessment of the fuel product is carried out on the use of fuel in the pyrolysis process. The results analysis show that the all product of fuel oil is a kerosene-type of fuel. The highest efficiency of 72.51% is the kerosene produced in pyrolysis using a catalyst at a temperature of 250°C with an energy value ratio of 20,402 kcal for kerosene from pyrolysis of LDPE plastic waste and 28,137 kcal for the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fuel in the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis using a 1% zeolite catalyst at 250°C has proven to be an efficient and sustainable way to treat LDPE waste into kerosene fuel.

scholarly journals Studi Kelayakan Daur Ulang Kantong Plastik dari Aspek Ekonomi dan Lingkungan

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-494
Author(s):  
Arieyanti Dwi Astuti ◽  
Jatmiko Wahyudi ◽  
Aeda Ernawati ◽  
Siti Qorrotu Aini
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Sampah plastik yang masuk ke TPA (Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir) Sukoharjo merupakan penyumbang tertinggi kedua setelah sampah organik dengan persentase 17,29%. Lebih spesifik, jenis sampah plastik yang masuk TPA didominasi jenis plastik LDPE (Low Density Poly Ethylene). Pengelolaan sampah plastik yang paling efektif adalah daur ulang yang memposisikan plastik dan sampah plastik menjadi satu siklus yang saling berkaitan. Di Kabupaten Pati, usaha daur ulang sampah plastik sudah banyak didirikan namun belum ada yang menyasar khusus pada kantong plastik LDPE. Potensi ini kemudian ditangkap oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Pati untuk mengembangkan usaha baru yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan daerah sekaligus mengurangi beban lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kelayakan usaha daur ulang kantong plastik ditinjau dari aspek ekonomi dan lingkungan. Analisa data menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, yang dibagi berdasarkan aspek finansial (ekonomi) dan aspek non finansial (lingkungan). Kriteria kelayakan aspek ekonomi meliputi NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), dan PP (Payback Periode), sedangkan aspek lingkungan difokuskan pada umur pakai TPA. Dari aspek ekonomi, penghitungan awal berupa besaran investasi, kemudian besaran penerimaan dan pengeluaran sehingga diperoleh laba setelah dikurangi pajak 12,5%. Kemudian selanjutnya dapat dihitung nilai NPV, IRR dan PP. Dari aspek lingkungan, umur pakai TPA akan dihitung sebelum dan setelah dilakukan proses daur ulang. Usaha ini direncanakan memiliki kemampuan menyerap 7,5 ton sampah plastik per hari atau sekitar 15,49% dari total sampah plastik yang masuk TPA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) dari aspek ekonomi, usaha daur ulang kantong plastik dinyatakan layak untuk dijalankan dengan indikator kelayakan NPV = Rp14.054.689.623; IRR = 10,70%; PP = 2 tahun 7 bulan 12 hari; 2) dari aspek lingkungan, usaha daur ulang kantong plastik dikatakan layak karena mampu memperpanjang umur pakai TPA Sukoharjo, lebih lama 1 tahun 38 hari jika dibandingkan dengan pengelolaan sampah TPA tanpa daur ulang.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Different Fuels in the Production of La2NiO4 Particles using A Sol-Gel Combustion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
◽  
Dea Bella Dewary Atika Putri ◽  
Yayan Sunarya ◽  
Jarot Raharjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Gel Combustion

Lanthanum nickelate (La2NiO4) is a precursor for producing lanthanum pentanickel (LaNi5) alloys for nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH; a type of rechargeable battery), which has been developed quite rapidly for many applications, such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of the production of La2NiO4 with different fuels (i.e., glycine fuel (F-G) and citric acid fuel (F-CA)) using a sol-gel combustion method. Several economic evaluation parameters were analyzed, such as gross profit margin, internal rate of return, payback period, cumulative net present value, and so on. The project was evaluated from the ideal condition to the worst-case conditions, including labor, sales, raw material, utility, as well as external conditions (e.g., tax). The results showed that the production of La2NiO4 is prospective from engineering and economic perspectives. The engineering analysis for both production steps using F-G and F-CA is feasible, and the production can be done even in small-scale production using commercially available apparatus. The economic analysis showed that the process using F-CA is better than that using F-G. From this economic evaluation analysis, the project is profitable and the recovery of the investment is less than seven years for F-G and four years for F-CA. Although this project is feasible to run and profitable, it is not attractive to industrial investors due to the fewer values in some parameters. Thus, since this material is very important to reduce dependence on imports, additional further technologies for improving processes and support from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and government are important for maintaining this project.

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