Omega-3 fatty acids as component of nutritional and metabolic treatment of patients with COVID-19 and other viral diseases (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
A. V. Dmitriev ◽  
I. A. Machulina ◽  
A. E. Shestopalov
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Nutritional Deficit ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Enteral And Parenteral Nutrition

Nutritional deficit in patients with viral diseases, including COVID-19, can reduce the efficacy of specific treatment, decrease the survival rate, and increase medical expenses. According to international guidelines, timely correction of nutritional status with supplemental enteral and parenteral nutrition containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid from fish oil (omega-3 PUFAs: ЕРА and DHA) is able to improve clinical outcomes of specific antiviral treatment. The authors conducted an analytical review to assess the results from the study of clinical use of omega-3 PUFAs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and other viral infections. Supplementation of clinical (enteral and parenteral) nutrition with omega-3 PUFAs allows for symptom reduction, shorter stay in hospital, and quicker recovery of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. When used in combination with adequate macronutrient support, it can reverse nutritional deficit and improve clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology-Based Weapons: A Potential Approach for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Fahima Dilnawaz ◽  
Ranjita Misra ◽  
Sarbari Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Potential Approach ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

In the last few decades, viral infections have caused a greater number of health constraints worldwide. This havoc has created challenges for the healthcare system. Since the pandemic began, COVID-19 has killed more than 2.5 million people across the world. We are still witnessing deaths daily due to the deadly virus SARS-CoV-2 which is the causative agent for COVID-19. Thus, there is an increasing concern about finding an apt way to control the spread of this virus. Recently, the application of nanotechnology-based approaches has emerged as a ground-breaking step in the medical sector owing to their potential for accurate diagnosis and specific treatment in a wide range of health problems, including viral diseases. Therefore, the implementation of nanotechnology can be an articulate strategy to confront the rising distress of COVID-19. The present review particularly emphasizes the perception of several nanoformulation-based approaches as an appropriate means to safeguard mankind against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Viral Diseases in Sudan: Coronaviruses Unveil the Concealed Venues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadie M Y Elmadhoun ◽  
Nadir Abuzeid ◽  
Shahinaz Bedri ◽  
M H Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Methods

Establishing the diagnosis of viral diseases often needs sophisticated settings, equipment, expertise, and strict laboratory methods.  In Sudan, as in most developing countries, viral diseases are mostly diagnosed by clinical presentation. As most viral infections are self-limiting and there is no specific treatment for most of them, laboratory diagnosis has not been a focus for improvement, particularly in public sector until the current pandemic of COVID-19. During this pandemic, the vital need for well-equipped clinical virology laboratories is urged. The aim of this work is to highlight the various diagnostic methods and to describe the current situation of clinical virology diagnostics in Sudan.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Respiratory Viral Infections at a Single Tertiary Centre in Alberta, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S318-S318
Author(s):  
Alastair Teale ◽  
Lori Zapernick ◽  
Geoffrey Taylor ◽  
Stephanie Smith
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background Respiratory viral infections (RVI) are commonly seen in hospitalized patients. While many studies have examined outcomes with influenza, fewer studies have examined outcomes of community and hospital acquired infections of other respiratory viruses. Methods Data were prospectively collected from adult (age>17 years) inpatients with a positive result from respiratory viral multiplex panel testing during consecutive viral respiratory seasons from November 2014 to April 2017 at our facility. Ambulatory patients were excluded. Clinical outcomes including ICU admission requiring intubation, overall mortality and respiratory virus infection-related mortality was assessed at 30 days post infection. Results A total of 731 inpatients with positive results were identified. Influenza A was the most commonly detected virus (44%) followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)(14%) and rhinovirus/enterovirus (13%). Rates of RSV and human metapneumovirus infections displayed significant yearly variability. There were no significant differences in rates of ICU admission requiring intubation (16.8% vs. 14.3% P = 0.35) between infections caused by influenza A and B and other respiratory viruses. In addition, mortality related to respiratory infections between these groups was also similar (5.7% Influenza vs. 4.5% non-Influenza P = 0.46). Ninety-five (15%) of identified patients had hospital acquired respiratory viral infections. Influenza A was the most commonly isolated hospital acquired infection (39%). Rates of ICU admission requiring intubation (22.6% vs. 14.6%, P = 0.06) and respiratory infection-related mortality (7.4% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.14) were higher in hospital acquired RVI but did not meet statistical significance. Less than half (45%) of all patients testing positive for influenza received antiviral treatment (oseltamivir). Respiratory infection-related mortality was not significantly different between those who were treated and those who were not treated (5.5% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.64). Conclusion While influenza remains the most common community and hospital acquired respiratory viral infection in inpatients at our facility, half of infections were attributed to other respiratory viruses and these resulted in similar rates of serious outcomes including ICU admission and mortality. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Role of pharmaco- and micronutrients in nutritional metabolic therapy of COVID-19 and other viral infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
A. V. Dmitriev ◽  
I. A. Machulina ◽  
A. E. Shestopalov
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Therapy ◽  
Analytical Review

Malnutrition is an unfavorable background for the course and outcome of viral diseases, including COVID-19. In accordance with international recommendations, timely correction of nutritional status using oral, tube enteral and parenteral nutrition is a necessary and mandatory method of concomitant therapy for COVID-19. An analytical review of the results of studies on the clinical use of pharmacological nutrients (glutamine; vitamins A, C, D, E; zinc, selenium) for the prevention and treatment of viral infections, including COVID-19, was performed. According to the data of clinical studies carried out in 2019–2020, the use of glutamine and antioxidant micronutrients as part of nutritional metabolic therapy can reduce the severity of clinical symptoms and accelerate the recovery process of patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and other viral diseases. From a practical point of view, the only sources of glutamine for enteral administration registered in the Russian Federation are Glutamine Plus for oral enteral nutrition and Intestamin for enteral tube administration and Dipeptiven 20% for parenteral nutrition. The use of pharmacological nutritional therapy, in particular, enteral or parenteral glutamine as a component of clinical nutrition in patients with viral infections and nutritional deficiency or the risk of its development, helps to improve clinical results, reduce the severity of the disease and accelerate the rehabilitation process.

Antibody Therapy for the Control of Viral Diseases: An Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1108-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Dibo ◽  
Eduardo C. Battocchio ◽  
Lucas M. dos Santos Souza ◽  
Matheus D. Veloso da Silva ◽  
Bruna K. Banin-Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

The epidemiological impact of viral diseases, combined with the emergence and reemergence of some viruses, and the difficulties in identifying effective therapies, have encouraged several studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for viral infections. In this context, the use of immunotherapy for the treatment of viral diseases is increasing. One of the strategies of immunotherapy is the use of antibodies, particularly the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and multi-specific antibodies, which bind directly to the viral antigen and bring about activation of the immune system. With current advancements in science and technology, several such antibodies are being tested, and some are already approved and are undergoing clinical trials. The present work aims to review the status of mAb development for the treatment of viral diseases.

Therapeutic Exploitation of Viral Interference

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Kovesdi ◽  
Tibor Bakacs
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Type I ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Viral Interference ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Rna

: Viral interference, originally, referred to a state of temporary immunity, is a state whereby infection with a virus limits replication or production of a second infecting virus. However, replication of a second virus could also be dominant over the first virus. In fact, dominance can alternate between the two viruses. Expression of type I interferon genes is many times upregulated in infected epithelial cells. Since the interferon system can control most, if not all, virus infections in the absence of adaptive immunity, it was proposed that viral induction of a nonspecific localized temporary state of immunity may provide a strategy to control viral infections. Clinical observations also support such a theory, which gave credence to the development of superinfection therapy (SIT). SIT is an innovative therapeutic approach where a non-pathogenic virus is used to infect patients harboring a pathogenic virus. : For the functional cure of persistent viral infections and for the development of broad- spectrum antivirals against emerging viruses a paradigm shift was recently proposed. Instead of the virus, the therapy should be directed at the host. Such a host-directed-therapy (HDT) strategy could be the activation of endogenous innate immune response via toll-like receptors (TLRs). Superinfection therapy is such a host-directed-therapy, which has been validated in patients infected with two completely different viruses, the hepatitis B (DNA), and hepatitis C (RNA) viruses. SIT exerts post-infection interference via the constant presence of an attenuated non-pathogenic avian double- stranded (ds) RNA viral vector which boosts the endogenous innate (IFN) response. SIT could, therefore, be developed into a biological platform for a new “one drug, multiple bugs” broad-spectrum antiviral treatment approach.

scholarly journals Role of Mitochondria in Viral Infections

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Srikanth Elesela ◽  
Nicholas W. Lukacs
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions

Viral diseases account for an increasing proportion of deaths worldwide. Viruses maneuver host cell machinery in an attempt to subvert the intracellular environment favorable for their replication. The mitochondrial network is highly susceptible to physiological and environmental insults, including viral infections. Viruses affect mitochondrial functions and impact mitochondrial metabolism, and innate immune signaling. Resurgence of host-virus interactions in recent literature emphasizes the key role of mitochondria and host metabolism on viral life processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to damage of mitochondria that generate toxic compounds, importantly mitochondrial DNA, inducing systemic toxicity, leading to damage of multiple organs in the body. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Therefore, metabolic antagonists may be essential to gain a better understanding of viral diseases and develop effective antiviral therapeutics. This review briefly discusses how viruses exploit mitochondrial dynamics for virus proliferation and induce associated diseases.

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