scholarly journals Characterisation and Expression Analysis of Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Reductase derived from Orthosiphon aristatus

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Zuliza Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Husaini ◽  
Hairul Azman Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Rapid Amplification

Herbal products are getting more popular as alternative medicines and food supplements. The therapeutic effects of herbal medicines are mainly attributed to their bioactive secondary metabolites. Orthosiphon aristatus, locally known as ‘Misai Kucing’, is known for its various health benefits. One of the main chemical constituent of O. aristatus is rosmarinic acid, a plant polyphenol that has been proven to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) is one of the enzymes involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthetic pathway. Here we report the effect of UV on HPPR expression and the isolation of a full-length hppr cDNA from O. aristatus via rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction. An increase in the expression was detected when the plant was exposed to UV and detected via the expression of hppr transcript. A 1116 bp nucleotide putative cDNA was isolated corresponding to 307 predicted amino acid. We have also isolated the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions with a length of 54 bp and 123 bp, respectively. Sequence similarity analysis was performed against NCBI genebank and the BLAST result showed that the putative hppr cDNA isolated from O. aristatus exhibited high similarities with other hppr cDNA of the members of the Lamiaceae family such as Perilla frutescens, Salvia officinalis, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Solenostemon scutellarioides.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevents Inflammation in CCL4-Related Liver Injury in Mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. Li ◽  
P. Ryan ◽  
R. G. Batey
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Histological Damage ◽  
Hepatocyte Necrosis ◽  
Hepatic Histology

Alternative medicines are being increasingly used and investigated in the management of a variety of disorders. Hepatitis is a common indication for the use of alternative therapies but evidence for the efficacy of many compounds is lacking. We have utilized a well-defined model of liver injury to study the efficacy of three herbal products designed to assist in the management of liver disease. Mice were exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) given intragastrically after they had been pretreated for five days with either saline or one of four doses of silymarin extract or CH100 (a Chinese herbal medicine comprising of 19 herbs) or one of two doses of CH101 (a Chinese herbal preparation designed to reduce fibrosis). Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after receiving CCL4. Liver enzymes and hepatic histology formed the basis for evaluating efficacy of the treatments. Each of the alternative medicines reduced the alanine amino transferase (ALT) elevation demonstrated after CCL4 injection. The high dose CH100 regimen was most effective in protecting against injury and this was confirmed with hepatic histology. Other doses of CH100, CH101 and silymarin were not shown to provide protection against the histological damage. In conclusion, Silymarin, CH100 and CH101 are able to reduce ALT elevation in animals exposed to CCL4. High dose CH100 provides protection from hepatocyte necrosis in this model. The data add to our understanding of the capacity some herbal medicines have to modify the reaction of the liver to a variety of insults and suggest the value of studying these agents further in human liver diseases.

scholarly journals Impact of herbal drugs and its clinical application

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1340-1345
Author(s):  
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan ◽  
Saminathan Kayarohanam ◽  
Ashok Kumar J ◽  
Vinoth Kumarasamy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Impact

Since ancient times until now exploring the importance of herbal medicines to treat the variety of diseases. Currently the herbal medicines searching for health, wellness and aim to achieve effective treatment without much side effect. Recent days the impact of herbal medicines well established even herbal treatment is one of the alternative medicines for most of the diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus etc. Medicinal plants always have been rich sources of bioactive compounds, and that will be very helpful to human health. The reasons for herbal medicines attracted by the health care professionals and common individuals, including concern about confidence and safety of drugs. Allopathic medicines have many side effects and sometimes failing to treat and most of the herbal drugs proven better therapeutic effects without any major adverse effects. With the demand for phytomedicine user, this review highlights modern herbal drug formulation and its clinical use.

Revival of Complementary and Alternative Herbal Medicines

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fareed Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Demographic History ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Therapy ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The World

Herbal medicines, complementary or alternative medicines is a wide term for the therapies thatare not part of standard care but it has many theories regarding efficacy based on personal experiences, history and common knowledge. It has long been used since ancient times since the beginning of human civilization. Its use had caught much attention in the early 1800s, with the development in the science of chemistry, a new era in pharmacotherapeutics and the use of active chemical ingredients in plants which were known to produce favorable therapeutic effects, were explored, active compounds were extracted, purified and their structure was revealed. This advancement paved the way towards modern pharmaceutical therapy. The modern drugs are based on these herbal medicines, after extracting the active and pure chemical compounds. Pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties of the active ingredients was explored. It lead to the better understanding of efficacy and safety profile of these drugs and first choice for treatment of various diseases. At the same time, the herbal medicines were considered as secondarily important.After approximately two centuries, the use of herbal medicines have seen a revival globally both indeveloping as well as developed countries. In the past few years, the practice of using herbal medicines as an alternative and complementary health medicine has gained more importance. Herbal medicines are common for treatment of various ailments including cancer, digestive disorders, pain related disorders, neuropathic ailments and cardiac arrhythmias etc. Even it has been used by pregnant females and mostly perceived as safe. Its use has gained more attraction due to its ‘natural’ approach and lesser side effects. Their use if often overlooked but physicians should pay attention to these medicines.There is lack of familiarity, standardization of the drug components, unproven therapeutic effectsin various diseases, unexplored toxicology, pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, and compatibility in patients with varying medical, genetic and demographic history. There are serious concerns regarding the safety, efficacy and quality of herbal products and nutraceuticals. Accidental contamination and deliberate adulteration are assumed to be the main cause of the side effects.Much of the herbal medical knowledge is scattered in different regions of the world and mostlyavailable at family, community and local level and mostly in any native languages. There is need ofcoherent sources, knowledge, and exploration of these medicines across the world. The herbal medicine has varying diversity in different geological regions and they should be investigated. There should be a regional or national body to control and approve the herbal medicines. Proper documentations on these medicines and food supplements should also be done.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review and Perspective of Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-95
Author(s):  
Afrasim Moin ◽  
S. Meenakshi ◽  
Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi ◽  
Nanhi Nandini ◽  
Talib Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Direct Inhibition ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Approved Drugs

Background: An emergent COVID-19 outbreak originated in Wuhan City, in December 2019. The COVID-19 contamination has swiftly unfold from Wuhan to maximum different provinces and different 24 countries. WHO declared a public health emergency of global concern over this worldwide COVID-19 outbreak on 30th January 2020. Manifold research has been intensely initiated for immunization and drug development for COVID-19 till date no specific vaccine or approved drugs are accessible for COVID-19. Alternatively, therapy consists of supportive care and non-specific anti-viral, anti-malarial, and antibiotics are being testedas drugs for COVID-19. Though, novel approaches could play a crucial role to combat mortality rate and patient recovery in the treatment of COVID-19. Objective: To reveal the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and comparison of promising synthetic and natural drug targets to avert and cure of COVID-19. Method: This article sets a brief understanding of the viral characteristics, its life cycle, infection to humans, and the pathophysiology of the disease. It also throws light on the currently used synthetic medicines. we have reviewed the effect of natural products to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. Their mechanisms of action have been elaborately discussed. literature research was undertaken using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and WHO website. The different herbal products (extracts) and their moieties which are promising as anti-SARS-CoV-2 by direct inhibition of the virus replication or entry has also been discussed. Results and Conclusion: In conclusion we have highlighted that natural therapeutics either alone or in combinationcould be used as alternative medicines to treat/prevent COVID-19 infection. Moreover, their structures may offer clues for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.The integration of nanocarriers for effectively delivering the conventional as well as the herbal drugs becomes a key point for their efficacy and safety.

Pharmacological analysis of Cannabis sativa: A potent herbal plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Husnain ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammad Ali Assiri ◽  
Naveed Zubair Wattoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Complete Evaluation

: Genus Cannabis belong to family Cannabaceae and is traditionally used as medicinal plant against many diseases notably asthma, malaria, treatment of skin diseases, diabetes and headache. The plant Cannabis sativa L. is flowering and an annual herbaceous plant located to eastern Asia but now of cosmopolitan distribution due to extensive cultivation. Aim of the study: The aim of review is to provide a complete evaluation of the botanical, ethnological and chemical aspects of Cannabis sativa L., and its importance in pharmacological studies. Results and discussions: This article briefly reviews the botany, traditional knowledge, pharmacological and therapeutic application of the plant C. sativa. This is an attempt to compile and document information about the chemical constituent, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of C. sativa as important herbal drug due to its safety and effectiveness. Studies have revealed its use as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and improving testicular function in rats. Consumption of C. sativa is greater in all over the world among all other drugs of abuse in its various forms such as marijuana, hashish and cannabis oil. The study of herbal medicine spans the knowledge of biology, history, source, physical and chemical nature, and mechanism of action, traditional, medicinal and therapeutic use of drug. This article also provide knowledge about macroscopically and microscopically characters of Cannabis sativa with geographical sources. The wellknown cannabinoids are Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabichromene (CBC) and their pharmacological properties and importance have been extensively studied. Hence, efforts are required to establish and validate evidence regarding safety and practices of Ayurveda medicines. Conclusion: Thes studies will help in expanding the current therapeutic potential of C. sativa and it also provide a strong support to its future clinical use as herbal medicines having safe in use with no side effects.

scholarly journals Hepatotoxic Botanicals - An Evidence-based Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem J Abdualmjid ◽  
Consolato Sergi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes

Purpose. Herbal medicines have been increasingly used worldwide. However, the potential harms of these herbs have been noticed most recently following hepatotoxicity with ingestion of herbal remedies. The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence of hepatotoxic effects linked to use of herbal preparations. Method. Electronic search was performed by searching several databases: PubMed, HerbMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Library using both Latin and common names of several herbs. Language was restricted to English and articles were selected for relevance reporting incidence of hepatotoxicity associated with use of herbal products in human. Results. From a total of 565 relevant reviews and articles, 254 met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Serious hepatotoxic events associated with various herbal products alone or in combination with other drugs have been reported. Linking to herbal constituents the spectrum of liver toxicity includes elevated liver enzymes, acute or chronic hepatitis, cholestasis, hepatic necrosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, as well as acute liver failure and hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Conclusion. The hepatotoxicity of herbs was extensively acknowledged. As the use of natural medicine increases, the risk of liver toxicity and drug interaction increase as well. Accordingly, herbal remedies have been known as hepatotoxins causing several liver damages. Further scientific studies with high and good quality are needed to identify toxic compounds and understand the exact mechanism of hepatotoxicity-induced by herbs. The adverse effects of herbal products must be fully reported as well as extensive education of healthcare providers must be provided in order to reduce danger of alternative medicines. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

BROAD VIEW OF NANO HERBAL MEDICINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwar Verma ◽  
Shubham Bhardwaj ◽  
Jyoti Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Lipid Solubility ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Broad View

As we know traditional herbal medicines have been widely used around the world since the ancient times but most of the traditional herbal drugs and their extracts despite of their impressive in-vitro findings demonstrate less or negligible in-vivo activity due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size, resulting in poor absorption and hence poor bioavailability. Poor bioavailability increases system clearance requiring repeated administration or higher dose, which makes the drug as a poor candidate for therapeutic use. Nanotechnology is bringing a new aspect in the field of scientific and technology and its application in healthcare that lead to development of novel drug delivery systems. Drug delivery system for herbal formulations based on applicative, nanotechnology has a potential future for enhancing the product efficacy and overcoming problem of slow or less absorption; associated with the herbal drugs. The marketed nano herbal products are Aegis. Lifepak Nano, Nano phyto proflex, Nano garcinia raspberry, Nano green coffee, Nano D3. Curcuma longa, Gymnema sylvestre, salvia miltiorrhiza, proteins and many more. Hence nano herbal drugs has become the broad view of new nanotech era for better and safer health care.

The effect of education on buyer behaviour in relation to equine herbal medicine

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
C.F. Bolwell ◽  
D. M. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Buyer Behaviour ◽  
Cam Use ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Herbal medicines are used in the horse to treat disease and help sustain optimum health within the body (Fleming, 2002). The popularity of complementary alternative medicines (CAM) in humans, such as herbal medicine, is continually growing across the United Kingdom (Ernst and White, 2000) and worldwide (Maclennon et al., 2003). The ability of alternative medicine to provide relief of specific symptoms to ailments is thought to be a major factor contributing to the rise of CAM (Pascoe, 2002). Much research has been conducted assessing the market for herbal products in humans, but little has been done on equine herbal products. Research by Astin (1998) suggests that a significant predictor of CAM use in humans is the buyers’ level of education; at least 50 % of respondents using CAM had degrees. A higher level of education allowed buyers to gain an understanding of the use of CAM and how it works.

Mikroalgák mint természetes hatóanyagforrások

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (18) ◽  
pp. 703-708
Author(s):  
Gábor Vasas
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Microalgal Species

Abstract: More than 90% of herbal products and herbal medicines have been derived from higher plants recently, but due to independent circumstances, several photosynthetic microalgal species are in focus in this point of view. In the last 50 years, many carbohydrate-, peptide-, terpenoid-, alkaloid- and phenol-type components were described from algae because of the developing structural determination and analytical methods, algae mass production and also artificial algae technologies. At the same time, based partly on traditional causes and partly on the clinical and preclinical data of today, some dried products of algae are directly used as food supplements. Hereinafter, the historical background, economic significance and metabolic background of the mostly used microalgal species will be reviewed. The diverse metabolite production of these organisms will be demonstrated by some molecules with special bioactivity. Several preclinical and clinical studies will be described relating to the microalgal species Spirulina sp., Chlorella sp., Haematococcus sp. and Dunaliella sp. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(18): 703–708.

Herbal Products for Common Auto-Inflammatory Disorders - Novel Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanoo Suroowan ◽  
Fawzi Mahomoodally
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Synthetic Agents ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Novel Approaches

Background: Common auto-inflammatory disorders (CAIDs) constitute a wide array of ailments ranging from acute allergies to chronic conditions. Globally, CAIDs remain one of the leading causes of disability and morbidity. Despite playing a leading therapeutic role, the vast profusion of anti-inflammatory synthetic agents have not been able to fully resolve a panoply of CAIDs. Additionally, contemporary synthetic therapy approaches remain bounded by a wide array of limitations essentially being adverse effects and unaffordable costs. In this advent, the use of herbal products provides an interesting avenue to explore in view of developing such treatment regimens. Objective: This review article endeavors to highlight potential herbal products and isolated phytochemicals which can be of benefit in the prophylaxis, management, and treatment alongside avoiding the relapse of CAIDs. Conclusion: This review article has highlighted that herbals, herbal products, and isolated metabolites hold a huge potential in the prophylaxis, management, and treatment of CAIDs. Herbals can act on various targets involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders. In addition, novel approaches for the management of CAIDs are numerous. Indeed, nanoparticles loaded with phytochemicals have been developed to specifically target the colon for IBD treatment. In silico approaches using herbals also offer unlimited avenues to decipher new pharmacophores. Investigating the potential of polyherbal formulations is another unique approach which can be investigated. Given the inefficacy of conventional medicines, the concomitant use of conventional and herbal medicines can also be explored.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document