scholarly journals ‘Relative Social Standing’: Reference Group Effect on Wealth Accumulation – An Experimental Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 767-783
Author(s):  
Boon-Lian Poh ◽  
Nor Ghani Md Nor ◽  
Jamal Othman ◽  
Mansor Jusoh
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Group Influence ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference

This study intends to find the effect of reference group influence on wealth accumulation using a lab experiment. Specifically, it seeks to find the link between the scores of the participants in the experiment and the effect of comparison with their chosen referents. The effect of comparison with reference group that contributes to wealth accumulation is termed ‘Relative Social Standing’. 220 university students were recruited and assigned randomly to treatment or control group. A game is used as the activity to produce a measurable outcome which is the number of coins obtained. The treatment group was allowed to view the scores of coins obtained by their referents before the game while the control group did not view any score of others. The difference of outcome between these two groups are attributed to the intervention of viewing others’ scores which creates the effect of comparison. The total amount of coins accumulated in the experiment represents wealth accumulation. The findings showed that the effect of intervention is statistically significant, and there is a negative correlation between the change in score and the effect of comparison. This study gauged the effect of reference group using an experimental approach instead of conventional self-reporting questionnaires.

Clinical Study of Qingpeng Ointment Treatment of Shoulder-Hand Syndrome After Cerebral Hemorrhage During the Rehabilitation Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihuan Pan ◽  
Shanshan Ling ◽  
Haodong Yang ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Lechang Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Difference

Background: Shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) refers to a syndrome causing sudden edema, shoulder pain and limited hand function. Qingpeng ointment, a kind of Tibetan medicine, can reduce swelling, relieve pain, tonify stagnation and clear the meridians, which is consistent with the pathological mechanism of SHS after stroke. Therefore, if clinical trials can be used to explore the effectiveness of Qingpeng ointment for treatment of poststroke SHS and promote its application in clinical medicine, this is of specific significance for the treatment of poststroke SHS. Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Qingpeng ointment in the treatment of poststroke SHS. To provide an objective basis for a better therapeutic treatment for poststroke SHS． Method: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted. This study recruited 120 patients with poststroke SHS who met the inclusion criteria. They were randomized into the treatment group and the control group, with 60 patients allocated to each group. The treatment group received routine medical treatment and rehabilitative care after using the Qingpeng ointment, while the patients in the control group received only routine treatment without the ointment. All patients received clinical assessment with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), measurement of the range of motion (ROM) of the upper-limb joints, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA-U) and the Modified Barthel Index Score (MBI) before and after the whole treatment. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, the VAS scores of both groups were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There is no statistical significance for the difference between the treatment group and control group in terms of the FMA-U and MBI scores and the forward bend, backward, outstretch, external rotation and pronation angles after treatment. The increases in the values of VAS, FMA-M and MBI in the treatment group were greater than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The increases in the values of the forward bend, outreach and external rotation angles in the treatment group were greater than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The treatment group showed better results than the control group in terms of the relief of pain symptoms, the improvement of motor function and the improvement of the activities of daily living for patients with shoulder-hand syndrome after cerebral hemorrhage. Qingpeng ointment is effective and safe in treating poststroke SHS.

Efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of long- lasting olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
L.A. Vaira ◽  
C. Hopkins ◽  
M. Petrocelli ◽  
J.R. Lechien ◽  
S. Cutrupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: The growing number of COVID-19 patients with long-lasting olfactory disorders makes it necessary to identify effective treatments that enhance the spontaneous recovery of olfactory function. METHODS: Multicentre randomised case-control study that involved 18 patients with COVID-19 related anosmia or severe hyposmia for more than 30 days. Nine patients were prescribed systemic prednisone and nasal irrigation with betamethasone, ambroxol and rinazine for 15 days. The other 9, untreated, patients were used as controls. The olfactory function was evaluated with CCCRC test at 20 and 40 days from the first evaluation. RESULTS: In the control group, a median olfactory score of 20 (IQR 30) was detected at baseline. At the 20-day control there was no significant improvement in olfactory function. The improvement in olfactory performance became significant at the 40-day follow-up compared to baseline scores [60 (IQR 60) versus 20 (IQR 30)]. In the treatment group, patients had a mean olfactory score of 10 (IQR 15) at initial control. At the 20-day control, a significant im-provement in the olfactory scores, compared to the baseline, was detected [70 (IQR 40) versus 10 (IQR 15)]. Olfactory function further improved at 40 days [median score 90 (IQR 50)]. Patients in the treatment group reported significantly higher improvements of the olfactory scores than the controls at both the 20-day [40 (IQR 45) versus 10 (IQR 15)] and 40-day [60 (IQR 40) versus 30 (IQR 25)] evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, the mix of drugs including steroids could represent a useful specific therapy to reduce the prevalence of this long-term morbidity.

Clinical Application of Scalp Cluster Needling Combined with Bobath Technique in Upper Limb Spastic Paralysis After Stroke of Vertebral Artery Type

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimin Gong ◽  
Mengjie Zeng ◽  
Zhiquan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Acupuncture Therapy ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Spastic Paralysis ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
The Difference

To observe the difference in clinical effects of scalp-point cluster acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training in treating spastic paralysis of upper limbs after stroke. Using a randomized controlled design, 96 patients with upper limb spastic paralysis after stroke were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (scalp acupuncture plus rehabilitation training group 48 cases), control group (rehabilitation training group 48 cases). After 2 courses of treatment, it was judged by observing clinical efficacy evaluation, Ashworth classification, and Fugl-Meyer (FMA) score. The total effective rate was 91.7% in the treatment group and 68.7% in the control group; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Before treatment, the difference in Ashworth classification between the two groups was not statistically significant (P> 0.05); after treatment, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.01). After treatment, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The Fugl-Meyer (FMA) scores of the two groups of patients before treatment were comparable (P>0.05), and there were significant differences between the two groups after treatment (P <0.05). The difference of Fugl-Meyer (FMA) scores between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Scalp cluster acupuncture therapy is more effective than traditional acupuncture therapy alone in treating vertebral artery type cervical spondylosis. Scalp cluster acupuncture combined with Bobath technique is effective in treating spastic paralysis of upper limbs after stroke, and it is worthy of clinical application.

scholarly journals Expressive arts therapy for hospitalized children: a pilot study measuring cortisol levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garret Yount ◽  
Kenneth Rachlin ◽  
Jane Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Expressive Arts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Expressive Arts Therapy ◽  
Wait List Control Group ◽  
Wait List Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cortisol Levels

This pilot study aimed at assessing the feasibility of capturing physiological evidence of reduced stress for hospitalized children following expressive arts therapy. Twenty-five patients were offered a novel form of expressive arts therapy, termed Healing Sock Creatures, during their stay in the hospital. Saliva samples were collected at two times in the afternoon for the purpose of measuring salivary cortisol levels. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, a treatment group or a wait-list control group. A trend of decreased cortisol levels was apparent following therapy in the treatment group and concurrent steroid treatment, which is common in intensive care units, does not appear to interfere with the ability to measure decreased cortisol levels following therapy. Our results support the design of a formal study to assess physiological biomarkers of stress in hospital settings. To our knowledge, this is the first in-patient study assessing a biomarker of stress following expressive arts therapy for children

scholarly journals OHIS Differences on Primary School Students in Relation to Little Dentist Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Arifin Senjaya ◽  
Ni Made Sirat ◽  
I Nyoman Wirata ◽  
Ni Ketut Ratmini
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Dental healthcare is very important since dental and oral hygiene should be maintained. Statistics showed that more than 80% of children in developed and developing countries suffer from dental disease. This study aimed to see the safety of OHIS (Oral Hygiene Index Simplified) in primary school students who got and did not get little dentist cadre training in Bangli Regency in 2019. The study was done in an experimental design: pre and post-test with control design, which was conducted in August-September 2019. The sample in this study is 366 students. The difference in OHIS scores before and after treatment in the control group and treatment group was carried out by the bivariate Mann Whitney U Test. The results of the study showed that before dental health training was conducted, there were 54.3% of primary school students in the treatment group with good OHIS score criteria, and after the training was carried out as many as 98.4% of the students in the treatment group had a good OHIS. Additionally, prior to the training, 57.5% of the control group had fair OHIS criteria score. Then, after the training was carried out, 73.7% of the control group had good OHIS score. Hence, the study concluded that there was a significant difference in the OHIS of primary school students who got little doctor training prior to and after the training. Also, there was a significant difference in the OHIS of the students who did not get such treatment before and after the training.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR SEDUHAN BERAS YANG DIFERMENTASI OLEH MONASCUS PURPUREUS (ANGKAK) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTEROL SERUM PADA TIKUS PUTIH

Biomedika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhimass Wicaksono ◽  
Retno Sintowati ◽  
Sa’idatul Fitriyah
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group A

The using of plant-based medicine is a popular approach to health care. A study presented by American Hearth Association showing that brown rice can lower cholesterol level in bood serum. To know the benefi ts of Angkak’s steeping water to decrease serum cholesterol levels in mice and determine the effects of Angkak’s steeping water to decrease serum cholesterol levels in rats compared with simvastatin. This study used an experimental research design, and using pre and post test control group design, performed in the laboratory of biomedical III FK UMS on November 1, 2012 to date of January 1, 2013. The purposive sampling technique, sampel determinaton using formula Federer by the number of sample of 30 male white rats wistar strain. After the data is collected, analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA, LSD, and the unpaired t test. The result of this study demnstrate hypothesis testing using ANOVA test with signifi cant level 95% of the negative control group, the treatment group a dose of 1, 2, and 3, it was found p<0,05 were signifi cantly different meaning. In the test dose of LSD between treatment groups 2 and 3 the value of p=0,839 (p>0,05) wich means no signifi cant difference. In the unpaired T test between the treatment group a dose of 1, 2, and 3 with positive control group were signifi cant difference. The unpaired T test between the treatment group a dose of 1, 2, and 3 with white rice also found signifi cant difference. Conclusion: Angkak’s steeping water can lower serum cholesterol levels of white rat as well as the water steepimg Angkak has the same effectiveness with simvastatin to decrease serum cholesterol levels of mice.Keyword: Cholesterol, Angkak

scholarly journals Prevention Effect of TGF-β Type I Receptor Kinase Inhibitor in Esophageal Stricture Formation after Corrosive Burn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Tae Kim ◽  
Kun Yung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Esophageal Stricture ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Esophageal Stenosis ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stricture Formation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Group A

Corrosive burns lead to progressive esophageal stricture and dysphagia. There are many trials to prevent Esophageal stricture formation after corrosive burn. This study aimed to access the effects of EW-7197 on prevention for esophageal stricture formation after corrosive esophageal burn. animal study were classified divided into three groups: a healthy group, a control group (corrosive burn without EW-7197), and a treatment group (corrosive burn with EW-7197). Corrosive esophageal burns were produced using 30% NaOH on the lower esophagus. For 3 weeks, the control group received vehicle and the treatment group received 20 mg/kg/day EW-7197. Treatment efficacy was assessed by measuring the stenosis ratio by esophagogram with contrast media on day 21. histologic staining was performed to evaluate the fibrosis area ratio, and western blotting was performed to evaluate fibrotic markers. Among 20 rats that underwent surgery, 14 survived. Three in the treatment group died because of esophageal perforation, and three in the control group died due to their debilitating status. The esophageal stenosis ratio was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (12.1 &plusmn; 9.5% and 42.2 &plusmn; 8.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). The histologic fibrosis area ratio was also significantly lower in the treatment group (12.5 &plusmn; 3.0% and 21.6 &plusmn; 2.1%, respectively; p = 0.001). The treatment group showed lower expressions of profibrogenic proteins such as TGF-&beta;1, pSmad3, and &alpha;-SMA. EW-7197 may be a good alternative for the prevention esophageal stricture formation after corrosive burn.

scholarly journals Histologi Lumen Dan Endotelium Arteri Dorsal Penis Tikus Wistar (Rattus Novergicus) Yang Diinduksi Pakan Tinggi Lemak

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
I Wayan Rosiana ◽  
I Gede Widhiantara
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Arterial Lumen ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Difference

This study aims to look at the histopathological picture of the dorsal arteries of the penis of the hiperlipidemic wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) induction by high-fat diet that seen in terms of lumen diameter and thickness of the arterial endotelium wall. Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for ateriosclerosis in the penile arteries causing erectile dysfunction in men. This study is an experimental study with a randomized posttest only control goup design. The sample are  10 individuals adult male wistar rats aged 3-4 months with a range of body weight 150-200 grams. Before treatment, adaptation was carried out for 7 days. After that the sample rats in the treatment group were made hyperlidemic by feeding lard for 50 days. Then surgery is performed for histopathological preparations at the posttest. To determine the differences in endotelium thickness and arterial lumen diameter in the two groups, an independent t-test was used. Thick diameter data of the endotelium and dorsal arteries of the penis of the wistar rat between the lower treatment group and the control group. The difference that occurred was statistically significant (p <0.05). So it can be concluded that the provision of high-fat diet (hyperlipidemia) decreases the lumen diameter and endotelium thickness of dorsal arteries penis. Keywords: Dorsal arteries, high-fat diet, Wistar rats

Effects of recasts and form-focused instruction on the acquisition of novel vocabulary

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-624
Author(s):  
Yingli Yang ◽  
Lawrence Jun Zhang ◽  
Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
University Students ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reading Span ◽  
Group A

AbstractThe present study explores the effects of recast plus form-focused instruction and form-focused instruction on vocabulary development and the mediating effect of working memory. Sixty-six university students were assigned to a recast plus form-focused instruction (FFI) group, a FFI group, and a control group. The instructor provided recasts on non-target vocabulary items in the recast plus FFI group, whereas the FFI group completed two form-focused vocabulary tasks only. Pretests, posttests, and delayed posttests were administered to examine learners’ development of target vocabulary items. A reading span test was employed to examine learners’ complex working memory capacities. Results show that the recast plus FFI group exhibited superior performance over the control group on both posttests and delayed posttests with large effect sizes. Working memory did not significantly correlate with vocabulary development in either treatment group.

scholarly journals Effects on Vaginal Microbiota Restoration and Cervical Epithelialization in Positive HPV Patients Undergoing Vaginal Treatment with Carboxy-Methyl-Beta-Glucan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Giada Lavitola ◽  
Luigi Della Corte ◽  
Nicoletta De Rosa ◽  
Carmine Nappi ◽  
Giuseppe Bifulco
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Vaginal Health ◽  
Carboxy Methyl

Objective. Evaluate the effects of carboxy-methyl-beta-glucan on cervical epithelialization and on the vaginal microbiota in patients with HPV infection or low-grade cervical preneoplastic lesion (CIN 1). Materials and Methods. Seven-hundred eighty-four women with positive HPV tests or diagnosed with CIN 1 were enrolled in a retrospective case-control study. All the recruited women performed, at baseline and after 6 months, Pap test, HPV test, evaluation of vaginal health according to the Amsel criteria, colposcopy, and punch biopsy. The study population was then divided into 2 groups in relation to the therapy performed during the follow-up period. Group A performed treatment with vaginal gel based on carboxy-methyl-beta-glucan (1 application/day for 20 days per month for 3 months). Group B was the control group. Results. The patients of group A had a significant improvement in the ectopia pattern and a greater number of cases with metaplasia in the maturation phase with a significant increase in Lugol uptake. In the experimental group, a significant improvement in the pH indices, a negative Swift test and a resolution of the leucorrhoea were observed. A negative result of the 37.1% Pap test and the 39.9% HPV test (vs. 15.2% and 16.5%, respectively) were demonstrated in the treatment group with respect to the control group. A negativization of the colposcopic pictures was observed with a reduction in the amount of CIN 1 found higher in the treatment group. Conclusions. Vaginal therapy based on carboxy-methyl-beta-glucan has been able to improve overall vaginal health; this effect seemed to positively impact the risk of persistence and progression of CIN.

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