STUDI PERENCANAAN PENINGKATAN KINERJA TRAFO DISTRIBUSI DENGAN RELOKASI ANTARA 2 BUAH TRAFO

JURNAL ELTEK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Rachmat Sutjipto ◽  
Anang Dasa Novfowan ◽  
Rohmanita Duanaputri
Keyword(s):  
Peak Load ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Factor Method ◽  
Load Growth ◽  
Loading Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Transformer Overloading ◽  
Better Than

Dalam penggunaan trafo diketahui bahwa terdapat beberapa trafo yang dibebani tidak optimal sesuai dengan standar yang ada. Sebagai contoh,  berdasarkan hasil pengukuran pada bulan Agustus 2015 pada PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon Pare diketahui bahwa pada gardu EF283 di Penyulang Bendo beban puncaknya telah mencapai 103,59 % sedangkan pada gardu EF070 di Penyulang Sambirejo pada beban puncaknya hanya mencapai 32,62 %. Kondisi tersebut akan berakibat negatif pada kinerja dari trafo dimana pada pembebanan yang terlalu tinggi pada trafo akan berakibat trafo tersebut overload dan berimbas mengurangi umur ekonomis dari trafo dan dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan pada trafo akibat panas yang berlebihan. Sebaliknya, jika trafo dibebani jauh dibawah kapasitasnya maka efisiensi trafo akan rendah. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja dari kedua trafo tersebut di atas maka digunakan cara relokasi diantara kedua trafo tersebut dan diharapkan trafo pada gardu EF283 tidak terjadi overload sedangkan prosentase pembebanan gardu   EF070  diharapkan meningkat sehingga efisiensi trafo meningkat. Setelah dianalisa dan dibandingkan antara kondisi sebelum dan setelah relokasi pada aspek % pembebanan, effisiensi dan faktor kebutuhan, juga dianalisa tentang pertumbuhan beban dengan menggunakan metode least factor maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebelum dilaksanakan relokasi harus dipertimbangkan beberapa persyaratan untuk dilaksanakannya relokasi. Selain itu diketahui bahwa effisiensi trafo akan lebih besar (optimal) jika dibandingkan antara kondisi sebelum (trafo EF283  dan EF070 adalah 97,54 % dan 97,42 %) dan setelah relokasi (98,44 % dan 98,50 %). Sedangkan untuk umur trafo , umur trafo pada gardu EF283 akan relatif lebih panjang dan pada trafo di gardu EF070 akan relatif lebih pendek umur trafonya karena adanya peningkatan pembebanan walaupun effisiensi trafonya ternyata lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum relokasi.   In the use of transformers it is known that there are several transformers that are not optimally loaded according to the existing standards. For example, based on the results of measurements in August 2015 at PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon Pare is known that at EF283 substation at Bendo Feeder the peak load has reached 103.59% while at EF070 substation at Sambirejo Feeder at peak load it only reaches 32.62%. These conditions will negatively affect the performance of the transformer where overloading of the transformer will result in the transformer overloading and impacting to reduce the economic life of the transformer and can cause damage to the transformer due to excessive heat. Conversely, if the transformer is burdened far below its capacity, the transformer efficiency will be low. To improve the performance of the two transformers, relocation between the two transformers is used and it is expected that the transformer on the EF283 substation will not overload while the percentage of EF070 substation loading is expected to increase so that the transformer efficiency increases. After analyzing and comparing the conditions before and after relocation in the aspects of% loading, efficiency and needs factors, also analyzed the load growth using the least factor method, it can be concluded that before the relocation is carried out, several conditions must be considered for the relocation. In addition, it is known that the transformer efficiency will be greater (optimal) compared to the conditions before (transformer EF283 and EF070 are 97.54% and 97.42%) and after relocation (98.44% and 98.50%). As for the life of the transformer, the life of the transformer at the EF283 substation will be relatively longer and at the transformer at the EF070 substation will be relatively shorter in the life of the transformer due to an increase in loading even though the transformer efficiency turns out to be better than before relocation.

Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Pelayanan Kelurahan Setelah Pemekaran Di Tangerang Selatan

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Pitri Yandri
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Service Personnel ◽  
Urban Services ◽  
Hospitality Workers ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cartesian Diagram ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study is (1) to analyze public perception on urban services before and after the expansion of the region, (2) analyze the level of people's satisfaction with urban services, and (3) analyze the determinants of the variables that determine what level of people's satisfaction urban services. This study concluded that first, after the expansion, the quality of urban services in South Tangerang City is better than before. Secondly, however, public satisfaction with the services only reached 48.53% (poor scale). Third, by using a Cartesian Diagram, the second priority that must be addressed are: (1) clarity of service personnel, (2) the discipline of service personnel, (3) responsibility for care workers; (4) the speed of service, (5) the ability of officers services, (6) obtain justice services, and (7) the courtesy and hospitality workers.

scholarly journals Network robustness improvement via long-range links

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Carchiolo ◽  
Marco Grassia ◽  
Alessandro Longheu ◽  
Michele Malgeri ◽  
Giuseppe Mangioni
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Real World ◽  
Network Robustness ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Better Than

AbstractMany systems are today modelled as complex networks, since this representation has been proven being an effective approach for understanding and controlling many real-world phenomena. A significant area of interest and research is that of networks robustness, which aims to explore to what extent a network keeps working when failures occur in its structure and how disruptions can be avoided. In this paper, we introduce the idea of exploiting long-range links to improve the robustness of Scale-Free (SF) networks. Several experiments are carried out by attacking the networks before and after the addition of links between the farthest nodes, and the results show that this approach effectively improves the SF network correct functionalities better than other commonly used strategies.

scholarly journals Six ultraviolet minutes for cleaner operating theatres

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bosco ◽  
S Gambelli ◽  
V Urbano ◽  
G Cevenini ◽  
G Messina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Operating Theatres ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Final Cleaning

Abstract Background Sanitizing the operating theatres (OT) is important to minimize risk of post-operative infections. Disinfection procedures between one operation and another is less aggressive than final cleaning procedures, at the end of the day. Aim was assessing the difference of contamination: i) between different levels of disinfection; ii) before and after the use of a UVC Device (UVC-D). Methods Between December 2019/February 2020 a cross sectional study was conducted in OT in a real clinical context. 94 Petri dishes (PD) were used in 3 OT. Three different sanitation levels (SL1-3) were compared pre- and post-use of UVC-D: i) No cleaning after surgery (SL1); ii) after in-between cleaning (SL2); iii) after terminal cleaning (SL3). UVC-D was employed for 6 minutes, 3 minutes per bed side. PD were incubated at 36 °C and colony forming unit (CFU) counted at 48h. Descriptive statistic, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to assess the contamination levels in total, pre/post use of UVC-D, and between different sanitation levels, respectively. Results In total we had a mean of 3.39 CFU/PD (C.I. 2.05 - 4.74) and a median of 1 CFU/PD (Min. 0 - Max. 39), after UVC-D use we had a mean of 2.20 CFU/PD (C.I. 0.69 - 5.09) and a median of 0 CFU/PD (Min. 0 - Max. 133). The UVC-D led to a significant reduction of CFU (p < 0.001). Without UVC-D we had a significant CFU drop (p < 0.05) between SL1 and SL3. Using UVC-D, we observed significant reductions of contamination (p < 0.05) between SL3 and SL1. Comparing SL1 (median 0) post UVC-D use vs SL2 pre UVC-D use (median 0.5), and SL2 post UVC-D use (median 0) vs SL3 pre UVC-D use (median 1) we had a significant reduction of contamination (p < 0.05). Conclusions UVC-D improved environmental contamination in any of the three sanitation levels. Furthermore, the use of UVC-D alone was better than in-between and terminal cleaning. Although these encouraging results, the cleaning procedures executed by dedicated staff has to be considered. Key messages UVC are efficient to decrease contamination in operating theatres regardless of sanitation levels. The additional use of UVC technology to standard cleaning procedures significantly improves sanitation levels.

Relation of blood-free to blood-inclusive postmortem lung water measurements in sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Collins ◽  
J. H. Newman ◽  
N. E. Wickersham ◽  
W. K. Vaughn ◽  
J. R. Snapper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extravascular Lung Water ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Lung Homogenate ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Space Expansion ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Better Than

Our purpose was to see if the postmortem weight ratio of extravascular lung water to blood-free dry lung (blood-free ratio) was related to similar ratios in blood-inclusive lung and in blood. We developed linear regressions of blood-free ratio on ratios for blood-inclusive lung and blood together and for blood-inclusive lung alone for 73 sheep studied under 11 different protocols and for two subgroups of sheep, one with plasma space expansion and the other without expansion. The relation of ratios of blood-free to blood-inclusive lungs was different between the two subgroups. Although all regressions were highly correlated, the fits of the blood-free ratio on ratios for blood-inclusive lung and blood together were better than for blood-inclusive lung alone. The mean error of prediction of extravascular lung water for all sheep was significantly less for the regression of blood-free ratio on ratios for blood and blood-inclusive lung together (11 g) than for blood-inclusive lung alone (18 g). This study shows that weights of lung homogenate and blood samples before and after simple oven drying can be used to provide accurate inexpensive estimates of postmortem extravascular lung water.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of integrating existing digital learning resources into classroom teaching – an evaluation of the learning achievement

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-161
Author(s):  
Svava Pétursdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Science ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Science Classrooms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Digital Learning Resources ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents the results of an intervention study exploring the effectiveness of an implementation of a selection of digital learning resources (DLR) in lower secondary science classrooms. Eight teachers participated in a quasi-experimental intervention, teaching three different subjects with and without DLRs. The data presented are from pupil tests before and after the teaching combined with observation of lessons and interviews with both pupils and teachers. In two of the three subjects the groups using DLRs did slightly better than the comparison group. The results indicate that successful ICT based learning is just as dependent on teacher competence as the quality and features of the resources.

scholarly journals The inherent mutational tolerance and antigenic evolvability of influenza hemagglutinin

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bargavi Thyagarajan ◽  
Jesse D Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Influenza Hemagglutinin ◽  
Functional Variants ◽  
Viral Hemagglutinin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations ◽  
And Function ◽  
Phylogenetic Models ◽  
Better Than

Influenza is notable for its evolutionary capacity to escape immunity targeting the viral hemagglutinin. We used deep mutational scanning to examine the extent to which a high inherent mutational tolerance contributes to this antigenic evolvability. We created mutant viruses that incorporate most of the ≈104 amino-acid mutations to hemagglutinin from A/WSN/1933 (H1N1) influenza. After passaging these viruses in tissue culture to select for functional variants, we used deep sequencing to quantify mutation frequencies before and after selection. These data enable us to infer the preference for each amino acid at each site in hemagglutinin. These inferences are consistent with existing knowledge about the protein's structure and function, and can be used to create a model that describes hemagglutinin's evolution far better than existing phylogenetic models. We show that hemagglutinin has a high inherent tolerance for mutations at antigenic sites, suggesting that this is one factor contributing to influenza's antigenic evolution.

scholarly journals Engagement of Occupational Safety and Health at Mahkamah’s Welding Worker Medan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Eka Mahyuni ◽  
Kalsum ◽  
Muhammad Makmur Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
The Self ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Better Than

Welding worker was not the easy task because it has a very high physical risk and the process requires special skills and equipment to prevent accident exposed. This devotional activity is carried out in the welding industry at Jl. Mahkamah with two partners, namely CV. M. Nauli and CV. Cahaya. The aim of training activity made the worker able to analyze the hazards in the workplace so that it will be more careful in their work. The result show that the training could develop the worker to be aware about safety and health work patterns. In order to support the work in accordance with occupational safety and health standards, workers are also given pocket books that contain safety and health working methods and also given the self-protection of welding like welding clothes, welding gloves, welding mask, welding glasses and masks. Based on the evaluation of activities, it show that the worker has develop and always using the self protector in their work evenly. It build the good collaboration between them and they are could arrage the rest time with ergonomics relaxation in 5-10 minutes. The workshop station looks better than before and the workshop doing good house keeping before and after their work.

Are Shocks Asymmetric to Volatility of Chinese Stock Markets?

2004 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chiao Huang ◽  
Yuanlei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Garch Model ◽  
Leverage Effect ◽  
Arch Models ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chinese Markets ◽  
Chinese Stock Markets ◽  
Better Than ◽  
A Share

This paper uses ARCH models to examine if there is a leverage effect and also to test if A- and B-share holdings have different risks in Chinese stock markets before and after B-share markets open to domestic investors in February 2001. The empirical results suggest that leverage effect was not present and shocks have symmetric impact on the volatility of Chinese B-share stock returns in both periods and A-share returns in Period I. Thus GARCH model would be a better model to fit the Chinese B-share stock returns than EGARCH or GJR-GARCH model. But EGARCH or GJR-GARCH model fits recent (Period II) A-share markets data better than GARCH model. Another finding of this paper is that holding A- or B-share bears different risk in returns in the two Chinese markets. Furthermore, news or shocks have a larger impact on volatility of B-share returns in Period I than in Period II.

Comparison of the Effects of Inhaled SCH 1000 and Fenoterol on Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
R. Yeung ◽  
G. M. Nolan ◽  
H. Levison
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Anticholinergic Agent ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Better Than

The effect of 40 µg of SCH 1000 (ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic agent) on bronchodilation and suppression of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) was compared with 400 µg of fenoterol and a placebo in a single-blind controlled study. Twenty-seven randomly selected asthmatic children performed a standardized treadmill exercise challenge and the 17 children who were shown to have EIB continued in the study. Pulmonary function was evaluated before and after drug administration and exercise. When individual results were analyzed and grouped according to the responsiveness of EIB to the drugs, two patterns emerged: (1) the EIB was more severe in those (6/17) children who did not respond to either drug than in the rest of the children; (2) the resting pulmonary function was significantly better in the children (4/17) who responded to both drugs than in those (7/17) who responded to fenoterol alone. In conclusion SCH 1000 was shown to be an effective bronchodilator comparable to, but no better than, fenoterol. It had minimal side effects. As an EIB inhibitor it depended on relatively normal base line pulmonary function and only a moderate deterioration following exercise, whereas fenoterol depended on the exercise response alone. Although anticholinergic drugs are not very extensively used, SCH 1000 may be useful in some patients where the β2 adrenergic drugs cause significant side effects or are contraindicated.

scholarly journals USING MANIPULATIVES TO IMPROVE LEARNING IN THE UNDERGRADUATE NEUROPHYSIOLOGY CURRICULUM

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Krontiris-Litowitz
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Student Comprehension ◽  
Concrete Objects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Modeling Clay ◽  
Passive Membrane Properties ◽  
Better Than

Educational research has demonstrated that the use of concrete objects or manipulatives in the classroom enhances problem-solving skills and conceptual learning. This project examines the use of manipulatives in a neurophysiology curriculum and assesses their effectiveness on student comprehension. Three activities, building an ion channel, building a nerve cell, and passive membrane properties, were developed using modeling clay and beads as manipulatives. Their effect on learning was assessed in a neurobiology class that had been divided into an experimental group that worked with manipulative-based activities and a control group that did not. After the experimental group had completed the manipulative activity, both groups were given a quiz. Students who had used manipulatives scored significantly better than those who had not. In a second study, students were given a quiz before and after completing a manipulative activity. Students who had used manipulatives showed the greatest grade improvement. These studies suggest that manipulative activities can be used to enhance learning in the neurophysiology curriculum.

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