scholarly journals Understanding Reproductive Aging in Wildlife to Improve Animal Conservation and Human Reproductive Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Comizzoli ◽  
Mary Ann Ottinger
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Human Reproductive

Similar to humans and laboratory animals, reproductive aging is observed in wild species-from small invertebrates to large mammals. Aging issues are also prevalent in rare and endangered species under human care as their life expectancy is longer than in the wild. The objectives of this review are to (1) present conserved as well as distinctive traits of reproductive aging in different wild animal species (2) highlight the value of comparative studies to address aging issues in conservation breeding as well as in human reproductive medicine, and (3) suggest next steps forward in that research area. From social insects to mega-vertebrates, reproductive aging studies as well as observations in the wild or in breeding centers often remain at the physiological or organismal scale (senescence) rather than at the germ cell level. Overall, multiple traits are conserved across very different species (depletion of the ovarian reserve or no decline in testicular functions), but unique features also exist (endless reproductive life or unaltered quality of germ cells). There is a broad consensus about the need to fill research gaps because many cellular and molecular processes during reproductive aging remain undescribed. More research in male aging is particularly needed across all species. Furthermore, studies on reproductive aging of target species in their natural habitat (sentinel species) are crucial to define more accurate reproductive indicators relevant to other species, including humans, sharing the same environment. Wild species can significantly contribute to our general knowledge of a crucial phenomenon and provide new approaches to extend the reproductive lifespan.

scholarly journals Responses to Increased Salinity and Severe Drought in the Eastern Iberian Endemic Species Thalictrum maritimum (Ranunculaceae), Threatened by Climate Change

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1251
Author(s):  
Sara González-Orenga ◽  
Calin Trif ◽  
Mͣ Pilar Donat-Torres ◽  
Josep V. Llinares ◽  
Francisco Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Thalictrum maritimum is an endangered, endemic species in East Spain, growing in areas of relatively low salinity in littoral salt marshes. A regression of its populations and the number of individuals has been registered in the last decade. This study aimed at establishing the causes of this reduction using a multidisciplinary approach, including climatic, ecological, physiological and biochemical analyses. The climatic data indicated that there was a direct negative correlation between increased drought, especially during autumn, and the number of individuals censused in the area of study. The susceptibility of this species to water deficit was confirmed by the analysis of growth parameters upon a water deficit treatment applied under controlled greenhouse conditions, with the plants withstanding only 23 days of complete absence of irrigation. On the other hand, increased salinity does not seem to be a risk factor for this species, which behaves as a halophyte, tolerating in controlled treatments salinities much higher than those registered in its natural habitat. The most relevant mechanisms of salt tolerance in T. maritimum appear to be based on the control of ion transport, by (i) the active transport of toxic ions to the aerial parts of the plants at high external salinity—where they are presumably stored in the leaf vacuoles to avoid their deleterious effects in the cytosol, (ii) the maintenance of K+ concentrations in belowground and aboveground organs, despite the increase of Na+ levels, and (iii) the salt-induced accumulation of Ca2+, particularly in stems and leaves. This study provides useful information for the management of the conservation plans of this rare and endangered species.

scholarly journals AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO CARRY OUT MASS IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF POTENTILLA ALBA L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 433-444
Author(s):  
L. I. Tikhomirova ◽  
A. A. Kechaykin ◽  
A. I. Shmakov ◽  
O. V. Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
The Republic

<p>Despite the plant’s extensive area of distribution, <em>Potentilla alba </em>L.<em> </em>natural resources are scarce and cannot meet the modern needs of the pharmaceutical industry. Because of the mass preparation of medical raw materials by using <em>P. alba</em>, it entered into the list of rare and endangered species plants of the Red Data Book of the Republic of Belarus. This plant is not represented in the wild flora of Western Siberia, but there is a great need for developing a method for the mass propagation of <em>P. alba</em> using <em>in vitro</em> culture in order to obtain a high-quality planting material. At the explant stage, the technique of the <em>P. alba</em> introduction into <em>in vitro</em> culture is developed. This paper reveals the morphogenetic features of the development of <em>P. alba</em> explants of different types and the regenerative capacity of the tissue culture. At the micropropagation stage, the optimum culture media and the growth conditions for the regenerated plants are selected. At the stage of test-tube plants rooting and transferring them into <em>ex vitro</em> conditions, the most effective means of adaptation to non-sterile conditions in hydroponics are proposed.</p>

Recent Progress in Spermatology Contributing to the Knowledge and Conservation of Rare and Endangered Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Comizzoli ◽  
William V. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Function

There is a remarkable diversity in the animal kingdom regarding mechanisms underlying the production, maturation, structure, and function of sperm cells. Spermatology studies contribute to the knowledge of species diversity and also provide information about individual or population fitness. Furthermore, this fundamental research is required before collected spermatozoa can be used for conservation breeding, including assisted reproduction and cryobanking. This article aims to ( a) review the most recent knowledge on sperm morphology and function in wild animal species, ( b) analyze how this knowledge can be used to save species in their natural habitat or ex situ, and ( c) propose future scientific directions in wildlife spermatology that could positively impact animal conservation. Variations in sperm structure and performance within and between species have multiple origins and significance. This collective body of knowledge enables the design and implementation of conservation strategies and action plans that integrate several disciplines. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals GIS design for in situ conservation of rare and endangered species

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S50-S53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hauptvogel ◽  
R. Kuna ◽  
P. Štrba ◽  
P. Hauptvogel
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Related Wild Species ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Gps System

Two projects: Conservation and use of genetic resources of non-traditional crops, related wild species and wild species for food and agriculture; and Characterization and evaluation of diversity of wheat and their wild relatives and utilising in breeding involve research into rare and endangered species in the territory of Slovakia. In Slovakia, many threatened and rare plant species occur. In this group of plants, <I>Aegilops cylindrica </I>Host and <I>Arctous alpina </I>(L.) Nied are also listed. They are registered in the Red Data Book of Slovakia. To locate the occurrences of these species, we have used a GPS system. In this article, we illustrate using GIS (Geographic Information System) in plant conservation.

scholarly journals The genus Rosa L. (Rosaceae) in the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
A. M. Ibrahimov ◽  
T. H. Talibov ◽  
A. V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Autonomous Republic ◽  
Long Term Studies

Based on the long-term studies conducted in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (2004-2017) and the literature data, the composition of Rosa L. genus was investigated and its distribution zones were specified. It has become clear that 34 species of hips are spread in the area that, 30 of them are wild, and 4 of them – R. centifolia L., R. chinensis Jacq, R. damascena Mill., R. multiflora Thunb. are used for greenery of parks and gardens in cultivated conditions. In recent years, as a result of the effects of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the territory of the autonomous republic, wild species of Rosa L. genus have been found to be in danger. Therefore, considering their rare and endangered species of Rosa karjaginii Sosn., R. nisami Sosn., R. sosnovskyana Tamamsch., R. rapinii Boiss. & Bal., R. pimpinellifolia L., R. tuschetica Boiss. have been put “Red book” of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Rosa azerbaidzhanica Novopokr. et Rzazade, Rosa karyagini Sosn. və Rosa nisami Sosn. species have been put “Red Book” of Azerbaijan Republic and there have been shown protection ways.

scholarly journals The European hamster (Cricetus cricetus) in captivity: keeping and breeding experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (21) ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Halyna Stanytsina ◽  
◽  
Igor Zagorodniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Cricetus Cricetus ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
At Home

Hamsters have long been considered agricultural pests and their abundance has been controlled. Now in many countries they are recognized as rare and endangered species that are at a risk of extinction. Among conservation measures to preserve and restore the population of many species is to gain experience in their keeping and reproduction in captivity. The experiments were carried out with hamsters obtained from the Crimea at different times. The keeping experience of hamsters in an ordinary residential apartment and the specifics of domestication of the animals caught in the nature are described. Their captivity, cage arrangement, nutrition, reproduction, specifics of communication, seasonal and circadian rhythms, territorial behaviour, threats and factors influencing their well-being are described in detail. Practice has shown that these are friendly and interacting animals to keep at home, and their breeding as pets is promising. Even adults caught in a trap get used to people in 2–4 weeks, take food from hands, go to the cage door when they are called, remember their nickname, calmly walk on the hands and do not bite at all, even when their babies are taken to the hands. Although hamsters are nocturnal in the nature, they are often active during the day at home. They do not hibernate and are active all-year-round, and even breed in winter. Hamsters are highly sensitive to overheating and draft; both are harmful to them and lead to death. In the evenings, while walking around the room hamsters do not run away and do not hide; the cage is considered their territory, safe, and cosy. Therefore, after walks, they go to the cages themselves or ask to be placed in the cage. Quickly master the treadmill and run in it for hours. Hamsters are very different by their individual behaviour and preferences. The purpose of keeping hamsters in captivity is to introduce the species as pets and to form so-called ‘reserve populations’ to restore populations of the species in the wild. Being among the pets, this species will be preserved in the culture and will be able to be released in places where their existence would be desirable. Based on the experience gained from keeping hamsters in captivity, steps to form "wild" behaviour are recommended. The formation of artificial breeding groups, which together form a reserve population, is an important measure in restoration programmes of natural populations of Cricetus cricetus.

Cryobanking of Amphibian Genetic Recourses in Russia: Past and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Victor K. Uteshev ◽  
Edith N. Gakhova ◽  
Ludmila I. Kramarova ◽  
Natalia V. Shishova ◽  
Svetlana A. Kaurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Cell Biophysics ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In modern biology, a search for efficient and safe ways of long-term storage of animal genomes is vital for the survival of rare and endangered species. To date, the only reliable method of prolonging the preservation of genome is deep freezing of somatic and reproductive cells, including spermatozoa. Here we overview the current state of reproductive technologies and present the cryopresevation strategies of genetic material of selected amphibian species. These strategies were developed at the Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia. Cryopreservation could help managing the threatened populations of amphibian species through genome storage and mediate the production of healthy animals from the stored material.

ЗУБРЫ НА СЕВЕРЕ РОССИИ — НАСТОЯЩЕЕ И БУДУЩЕЕ

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
I.V. GUSAROV ◽  
V.A. OSTAPENKO ◽  
T.V. NOVIKOVА
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Впервые в мире создана популяция зубров на территории 60 градусов северной широты. В новых климатических условиях разведения и сохранения зубров определены и проанализированы факторы существования вида на севере Европейской части РФ. Выявлены признаки, динамика численности, которые являются составной частью системы, предназначенной для управления биоразнообразием. Интродукция, являясь процессом введения в экосистему нехарактерных для нее видов, может усиливать изменения биоценозов как положительно, так и отрицательно. Насколько быстро и успешно проходит процесс адаптации заселенного вида, и усматривается его влияние на окружающую среду зависит дальнейшее существование зубров и в целом биоразнообразия. В статье обсуждаются вопросы взаимоотношения зубров с другими видами копытных и хозяйственной деятельностью человека, а также дальнейшим использованием зубров в сельскохозяйственном производстве. Пластичность зубров, выявление изменений и их анализ при вселении видов в новые условия обитания необходимы не только для определения развития или деградации биоценозов и в целом экосистемы, но и прогноза социально-экономических последствий интродукции как одного из методов сохранения редких и исчезающих видов фауны.For the first time in the world, a bison population has been created in an area of 60 degrees north latitude. In the new climatic conditions of breeding and preservation of bison, the factors of the species existence in the north of the European part of the Russian Federation are identified and analyzed. The signs, dynamics of abundance, which are an integral part of the system designed to manage biodiversity are identified, since the preservation of biological diversity on the planet is one of the main problems of our time. Introduction, being the process of introducing non-typical species into an ecosystem, can enhance changes in biocenoses, both positively and negatively. The question posing sounds especially when it comes to such a large hoofed animal as the European bison. How quickly and successfully the process of adaptation of the universe takes place and its environmental impact is seen depends on the continued existence of bison and biodiversity in general. The article discusses the relationship of bison with other types of ungulates and human activities, as well as the further use of bison in agricultural production. How these issues will be resolved positively depends on the future of these animals. Thus, the plasticity of bison, the identification of changes and their analysis, with the introduction of species into new habitat conditions is necessary not only to determine the development or degradation of biocenoses and the ecosystem as a whole, but also to predict the socio-economic consequences due to the introduction as one of the methods of preserving rare and endangered species of fauna.

Genetic diversity and genetic structure of the rare and endangered species, Primula ranunculoides

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-609
Author(s):  
Wang Deyun ◽  
Peng Jie ◽  
Chen Yajing ◽  
Lü Guosheng ◽  
Zhang Xiaoping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Geoecological analysis of the Russian Federation regions representation in the state program “Environmental Protection”

2020 ◽  
Vol 957 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
E.A. Kravets
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
State Program ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
The Russian Federation

The author offers mapping and geoecological analysis of the Russian Federation regions presence in the state program “Environmental Protection”. The unequal distribution of the program’s targets and activities in different regions is revealed. A considerable number of relevant environmental problems for several mentioned regions have not been reflected in the program. It is important to increase the area of specially protected natural areas for a significant number of subjects of the Russian Federation. The status “part of the territory occupied by specially protected natural territories of Federal value in the total area of the subject of the Russian Federation” is recommended to be assigned all regions of Russia. Identification and elimination of objects of accumulated environmental damage that threat to the Volga river is relevant, at least for all the regions in which the Volga flows. Not all regions with a high level of air pollution and/or large masses of air pollutants have the indicator “reduction of total emissions for the reporting year”. It is necessary to increase the Program of measures for the protection of rare and endangered species of plants and to expand the list of regions in which it is planned to protect rare and endangered species of animals.

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