scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of CBL-CIPK Gene Family in Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) and Their Regulated Expression Under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Huang ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Li ◽  
Qingxia Fu ◽  
Conglian Liang ◽  
Zhenhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Protein Motifs ◽  
Insight Into

In plants, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) are a unique group of Ca2+ sensors that decode Ca2+ signals by activating a family of plant-specific protein kinases known as CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). CBL-CIPK gene families and their interacting complexes are involved in regulating plant responses to various environmental stimuli. To gain insight into the functional divergence of CBL-CIPK genes in honeysuckle, a total of six LjCBL and 17 LjCIPK genes were identified. The phylogenetic analysis along with the gene structure analysis divided both CBL and CBL-interacting protein kinase genes into four subgroups and validated by the distribution of conserved protein motifs. The 3-D structure prediction of proteins shown that most LjCBLs shared the same Protein Data Bank hit 1uhnA and most LjCIPKs shared the 6c9Da. Analysis of cis-acting elements and gene ontology implied that both LjCBL and LjCIPK genes could be involved in hormone signal responsiveness and stress adaptation. Protein-protein interaction prediction suggested that LjCBL4 is hypothesized to interact with LjCIPK7/9/15/16 and SOS1/NHX1. Gene expression analysis in response to salinity stress revealed that LjCBL2/4, LjCIPK1/15/17 under all treatments gradually increased over time until peak expression at 72 h. These results demonstrated the conservation of salt overly sensitive pathway genes in honeysuckle and a model of Ca2+-LjCBL4/LjSOS3-LjCIPK16/LjSOS2 module-mediated salt stress signaling in honeysuckle is proposed. This study provides insight into the characteristics of the CBL-CIPK gene families involved in honeysuckle salt stress responses, which could serve as a foundation for gene transformation technology, to obtain highly salt-tolerant medicinal plants in the context of the global reduction of cultivated land.

scholarly journals Quantitative Proteome and PTMome Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana Root Responses to Persistent Osmotic and Salinity Stress.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Rodriguez ◽  
D Mehta ◽  
M Tan ◽  
R G Uhrig
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Proteome Level

ABSTRACT Abiotic stresses such as drought result in large annual economic losses around the world. As sessile organisms, plants cannot escape the environmental stresses they encounter, but instead must adapt to survive. Studies investigating plant responses to osmotic and/or salt stress have largely focused on short-term systemic responses, leaving our understanding of intermediate to longer-term adaptation (24 h - days) lacking. In addition to protein abundance and phosphorylation changes, evidence suggests reversible lysine acetylation may also be important for abiotic stress responses. Therefore, to characterize the protein-level effects of osmotic and salt stress, we undertook a label-free proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana roots exposed to 300 mM Mannitol and 150 mM NaCl for 24 h. We assessed protein phosphorylation, lysine acetylation and changes in protein abundance, detecting significant changes in 245, 35 and 107 total proteins, respectively. Comparison with available transcriptome data indicates that transcriptome- and proteome-level changes occur in parallel, while PTMs do not. Further, we find significant changes in PTMs and protein abundance involve different proteins from the same networks, indicating a multifaceted regulatory approach to prolonged osmotic and salt stress. In particular, we find extensive protein-level changes involving sulphur metabolism under both osmotic and salt conditions as well as changes in protein kinases and transcription factors that may represent new targets for drought stress signaling. Collectively, we find that protein-level changes continue to occur in plant roots 24 h from the onset of osmotic and salt stress and that these changes differ across multiple proteome levels.

scholarly journals Understanding the Integrated Pathways and Mechanisms of Transporters, Protein Kinases, and Transcription Factors in Plants under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Wasifa Hafiz Shah ◽  
Aadil Rasool ◽  
Seerat Saleem ◽  
Naveed Ul Mushtaq ◽  
Inayatullah Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Stress Signalling

Abiotic stress is the major threat confronted by modern-day agriculture. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that influence geographical distribution, survival, and productivity of various crops across the globe. Plants perceive salt stress cues and communicate specific signals, which lead to the initiation of defence response against it. Stress signalling involves the transporters, which are critical for water transport and ion homeostasis. Various cytoplasmic components like calcium and kinases are critical for any type of signalling within the cell which elicits molecular responses. Stress signalling instils regulatory proteins and transcription factors (TFs), which induce stress-responsive genes. In this review, we discuss the role of ion transporters, protein kinases, and TFs in plants to overcome the salt stress. Understanding stress responses by components collectively will enhance our ability in understanding the underlying mechanism, which could be utilized for crop improvement strategies for achieving food security.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Gene Expression Analyses in Different Poplar Clones: The Selection Tools for Afforestation of Halomorphic Environments

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Vladislava Galović ◽  
Marko Kebert ◽  
Boris M. Popović ◽  
Branislav Kovačević ◽  
Verica Vasić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Poplar Clones

Halomorphic soils cover a significant area in the Vojvodina region and represent ecological and economic challenges for agricultural and forestry sectors. In this study, four economically important Serbian poplar clones were compared according to their biochemical and transcriptomic responses towards mild and severe salt stress to select the most tolerant clones for afforestation of halomorphic soils. Three prospective clones of Populus deltoides (Bora-B229, Antonije-182/81 and PE19/66) and one of hybrid genetic background P. nigraxP. deltoides, e.g., P. x euramericana (Pannonia-M1) were hydroponically subjected to NaCl as a salt stress agent in a concentration range from 150 mM to 450 mM. Plant responses were measured at different time periods in the leaves. Biochemical response of poplar clones to salt stress was estimated by tracking several parameters such as different radical scavenging capacities (estimated by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays), accumulation of total phenolic content and flavonoids. Furthermore, accumulation of two osmolytes, glycine betaine and proline, were quantified. The genetic difference of those clones has been already shown by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) but this paper emphasized their differences regarding biochemical and transcriptomic salt stress responses. Five candidate genes, two putative poplar homologues of GRAS family TFs (PtGRAS17 and PtGRAS16), PtDREB2 of DREB family TFs and two abiotic stress-inducible genes (PtP5SC1, PtSOS1), were examined for their expression profiles. Results show that most salt stress-responsive genes were induced in clones M1 and PE19/66, thus showing they can tolerate salt environments with high concentrations and could be efficient in phytoremediation of salt environments. Clone M1 and PE19/66 has ABA-dependent mechanisms expressing the PtP5CS1 gene while clone 182/81 could regulate the expression of the same gene by ABA-independent pathway. To improve salt tolerance in poplar, two putative GRAS/SCL TFs and PtDREB2 gene seem to be promising candidates for genetic engineering of salt-tolerant poplar clones.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of MAPK and MKK gene families reveals differential evolutionary patterns in Brachypodium distachyon inbred lines

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11238
Author(s):  
Min Jiang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns

Background Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved with signal transduction in almost every aspect of plant growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. The evolutionary analysis of MAPKs and MKKs in individual or entire plant species has been reported, but the evolutionary patterns in the diverse inbred lines of Brachypodium distachyon are still unclear. Results We conducted the systematical molecular evolutionary analysis of B. distachyon. A total of 799 MAPKs and 618 MKKs were identified from 53 B. distachyon inbred lines. Remarkably, only three inbred lines had 16 MPKs and most of those inbred lines lacked MPK7-2 members, whereas 12 MKKs existed in almost all B. distachyon inbred lines. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that MAPKs and MKKs were divided into four groups as previously reported, grouping them in the same branch as corresponding members. MPK21-2 was the exception and fell into two groups, which may be due to their exon-intron patterns, especially the untranslated regions (UTRs). We also found that differential evolution patterns of MKK10 paralogues from ancient tandem duplicates may have undergone functional divergence. Expression analyses suggested that MAPKs and MKKs likely played different roles in different genetic contexts within various tissues and with abiotic stresses. Conclusion Our study revealed that UTRs affected the structure and evolution of MPK21-2 genes and the differential evolution of MKK10 paralogues with ancient tandem duplication might have functional divergences. Our findings provide new insights into the functional evolution of genes in closely inbred lines.

scholarly journals Calcium-dependent protein kinases in cotton: insights into early plant responses to salt stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Fu-Chun Xu ◽  
Dan-Dan Guo ◽  
Jing-Ruo Zhao ◽  
Ji Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Calcium Dependent Protein Kinases

scholarly journals Analysis of Phytohormone Signal Transduction in Sophora alopecuroides under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7313
Author(s):  
Youcheng Zhu ◽  
Qingyu Wang ◽  
Ziwei Gao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yajing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Sophora Alopecuroides

Salt stress seriously restricts crop yield and quality, leading to an urgent need to understand its effects on plants and the mechanism of plant responses. Although phytohormones are crucial for plant responses to salt stress, the role of phytohormone signal transduction in the salt stress responses of stress-resistant species such as Sophora alopecuroides has not been reported. Herein, we combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses to evaluate expression changes of key genes and metabolites associated with plant hormone signal transduction in S. alopecuroides roots under salt stress for 0 h to 72 h. Auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroid, and gibberellin signals were predominantly involved in regulating S. alopecuroides growth and recovery under salt stress. Ethylene and jasmonic acid signals may negatively regulate the response of S. alopecuroides to salt stress. Abscisic acid and salicylic acid are significantly upregulated under salt stress, and their signals may positively regulate the plant response to salt stress. Additionally, salicylic acid (SA) might regulate the balance between plant growth and resistance by preventing reduction in growth-promoting hormones and maintaining high levels of abscisic acid (ABA). This study provides insight into the mechanism of salt stress response in S. alopecuroides and the corresponding role of plant hormones, which is beneficial for crop resistance breeding.

scholarly journals CBL-Interacting Protein Kinases (CIPKs) in Chickpea: Genome-Wide Identification, Structure and Expression Analysis under Abiotic Stresses and Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Poddar ◽  
Amarjeet Singh ◽  
Shailesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Interacting Protein

Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL)-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) by interacting with CBLs regulate developmental processes, hormone signalling transduction and mediate stress responses in plants. Although the genome of chickpea is available, information of CIPK gene family has been missing in chickpea. Here, a total of 22 CIPK encoding genes were identified in chickpea and characterized by in silico methods. We found a high structural conservation in chickpea CIPK family. Our analysis showed that chickpea CIPKs have evolved with dicots from common ancestors, and extensive gene duplication events have played an important role in evolution and expansion of CIPK family in chickpea. Most chickpea CIPK proteins localize in cytoplasm and nucleus. Promoter analysis revealed various cis-regulatory elements related to plant development, hormone signaling and abiotic stresses. Expression analysis indicated that CIPKs are significantly expressed in a spectrum of developmental stages, tissue/organs that hinted their important role in plant development. Several CIPK genes had specific and overlapping expressions in different abiotic stresses and seed development stages, suggesting the important role of CIPK family in abiotic stress signaling, and seed development in chickpea. Thus, this study provides the avenue for detailed functional characterization of CIPK family in chickpea and other legume crops.

scholarly journals Senescence and Abiotic Stress Induce Expression of Autophagy-related Genes in Petunia

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan O. Quijia Pillajo ◽  
Laura J. Chapin ◽  
Michelle L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Insight Into

Autophagy allows for the degradation and recycling of macromolecules and organelles. It plays a significant role in cellular homeostasis, nutrient remobilization during leaf senescence, and abiotic stress responses. Autophagosomes are the hallmark feature of autophagy, and their formation is regulated by the AuTophaGy-related (ATG) genes. The expression profiles of ATG genes have been reported in several agronomic and model plants. To gain insight into the role of autophagy in senescence and abiotic stress responses in floriculture crops, we investigated the regulation of petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) ATG genes (PhATG4, PhATG5, PhATG6, PhATG7, PhATG8a, and PhATG13) during flower senescence and in response to low fertility, nutrient deficiency (-N, -P, and -K), and chronic (weeks) or acute (hours) salt stress using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Age-induced corolla wilting coincided with the increased expression of all ATG genes. Petunia ATG genes were upregulated by low fertility and N and P deficiency. Acute salt stress rapidly increased the expression of the petunia ATG genes, but chronic salt stress treatments did not. This project provides insight into the role of autophagy in flower senescence and abiotic stress responses in floriculture crops.

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