scholarly journals Biochemical and Gene Expression Analyses in Different Poplar Clones: The Selection Tools for Afforestation of Halomorphic Environments

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Vladislava Galović ◽  
Marko Kebert ◽  
Boris M. Popović ◽  
Branislav Kovačević ◽  
Verica Vasić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Poplar Clones

Halomorphic soils cover a significant area in the Vojvodina region and represent ecological and economic challenges for agricultural and forestry sectors. In this study, four economically important Serbian poplar clones were compared according to their biochemical and transcriptomic responses towards mild and severe salt stress to select the most tolerant clones for afforestation of halomorphic soils. Three prospective clones of Populus deltoides (Bora-B229, Antonije-182/81 and PE19/66) and one of hybrid genetic background P. nigraxP. deltoides, e.g., P. x euramericana (Pannonia-M1) were hydroponically subjected to NaCl as a salt stress agent in a concentration range from 150 mM to 450 mM. Plant responses were measured at different time periods in the leaves. Biochemical response of poplar clones to salt stress was estimated by tracking several parameters such as different radical scavenging capacities (estimated by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays), accumulation of total phenolic content and flavonoids. Furthermore, accumulation of two osmolytes, glycine betaine and proline, were quantified. The genetic difference of those clones has been already shown by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) but this paper emphasized their differences regarding biochemical and transcriptomic salt stress responses. Five candidate genes, two putative poplar homologues of GRAS family TFs (PtGRAS17 and PtGRAS16), PtDREB2 of DREB family TFs and two abiotic stress-inducible genes (PtP5SC1, PtSOS1), were examined for their expression profiles. Results show that most salt stress-responsive genes were induced in clones M1 and PE19/66, thus showing they can tolerate salt environments with high concentrations and could be efficient in phytoremediation of salt environments. Clone M1 and PE19/66 has ABA-dependent mechanisms expressing the PtP5CS1 gene while clone 182/81 could regulate the expression of the same gene by ABA-independent pathway. To improve salt tolerance in poplar, two putative GRAS/SCL TFs and PtDREB2 gene seem to be promising candidates for genetic engineering of salt-tolerant poplar clones.

scholarly journals Characterization of Interactions between the Soybean Salt-Stress Responsive Membrane-Intrinsic Proteins GmPIP1 and GmPIP2

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Weicong Qi ◽  
Haiying Lu ◽  
Hongbo Shao ◽  
Dayong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Important Trait

Salt tolerance is an important trait in soybean cultivation and breeding. Plant responses to salt stress include physiological and biochemical changes that affect the movement of water across the plasma membrane. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) localize to the plasma membrane and regulate the water and solutes flow. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR and yeast two-hybridization were engaged to analyze the early gene expression profiles and interactions of a set of soybean PIPs (GmPIPs) in response to salt stress. A total of 20 GmPIPs-encoding genes had varied expression profiles after salt stress. Among them, 13 genes exhibited a downregulated expression pattern, including GmPIP1;6, the constitutive overexpression of which could improve soybean salt tolerance, and its close homologs GmPIP1;7 and 1;5. Three genes showed upregulated patterns, including the GmPIP1;6 close homolog GmPIP1;4, when four genes with earlier increased and then decreased expression patterns. GmPIP1;5 and GmPIP1;6 could both physically interact strongly with GmPIP2;2, GmPIP2;4, GmPIP2;6, GmPIP2;8, GmPIP2;9, GmPIP2;11, and GmPIP2;13. Definite interactions between GmPIP1;6 and GmPIP1;7 were detected and GmPIP2;9 performed homo-interaction. The interactions of GmPIP1;5 with GmPIP2;11 and 2;13, GmPIP1;6 with GmPIP2;9, 2;11 and GmPIP2;13, and GmPIP2;9 with itself were strengthened upon salt stress rather than osmotic stress. Taken together, we inferred that GmPIP1 type and GmPIP2 type could associate with each other to synergistically function in the plant cell; a salt-stress environment could promote part of their interactions. This result provided new clues to further understand the soybean PIP–isoform interactions, which lead to potentially functional homo- and heterotetramers for salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of CBL-CIPK Gene Family in Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) and Their Regulated Expression Under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Huang ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Li ◽  
Qingxia Fu ◽  
Conglian Liang ◽  
Zhenhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Protein Motifs ◽  
Insight Into

In plants, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) are a unique group of Ca2+ sensors that decode Ca2+ signals by activating a family of plant-specific protein kinases known as CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). CBL-CIPK gene families and their interacting complexes are involved in regulating plant responses to various environmental stimuli. To gain insight into the functional divergence of CBL-CIPK genes in honeysuckle, a total of six LjCBL and 17 LjCIPK genes were identified. The phylogenetic analysis along with the gene structure analysis divided both CBL and CBL-interacting protein kinase genes into four subgroups and validated by the distribution of conserved protein motifs. The 3-D structure prediction of proteins shown that most LjCBLs shared the same Protein Data Bank hit 1uhnA and most LjCIPKs shared the 6c9Da. Analysis of cis-acting elements and gene ontology implied that both LjCBL and LjCIPK genes could be involved in hormone signal responsiveness and stress adaptation. Protein-protein interaction prediction suggested that LjCBL4 is hypothesized to interact with LjCIPK7/9/15/16 and SOS1/NHX1. Gene expression analysis in response to salinity stress revealed that LjCBL2/4, LjCIPK1/15/17 under all treatments gradually increased over time until peak expression at 72 h. These results demonstrated the conservation of salt overly sensitive pathway genes in honeysuckle and a model of Ca2+-LjCBL4/LjSOS3-LjCIPK16/LjSOS2 module-mediated salt stress signaling in honeysuckle is proposed. This study provides insight into the characteristics of the CBL-CIPK gene families involved in honeysuckle salt stress responses, which could serve as a foundation for gene transformation technology, to obtain highly salt-tolerant medicinal plants in the context of the global reduction of cultivated land.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the TCP Gene Family in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhu Huo ◽  
Wangdan Xiong ◽  
Kunlong Su ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Yawen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

The plant-specific transcription factor TCPs play multiple roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, a genome-wide analysis of TCP proteins and their roles in salt stress has not been declared in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). In this study, 42 PvTCP genes (PvTCPs) were identified from the switchgrass genome and 38 members can be anchored to its chromosomes unevenly. Nine PvTCPs were predicted to be microRNA319 (miR319) targets. Furthermore, PvTCPs can be divided into three clades according to the phylogeny and conserved domains. Members in the same clade have the similar gene structure and motif localization. Although all PvTCPs were expressed in tested tissues, their expression profiles were different under normal condition. The specific expression may indicate their different roles in plant growth and development. In addition, approximately 20 cis-acting elements were detected in the promoters of PvTCPs, and 40% were related to stress response. Moreover, the expression profiles of PvTCPs under salt stress were also analyzed and 29 PvTCPs were regulated after NaCl treatment. Taken together, the PvTCP gene family was analyzed at a genome-wide level and their possible functions in salt stress, which lay the basis for further functional analysis of PvTCPs in switchgrass.

scholarly journals Quantitative Proteome and PTMome Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana Root Responses to Persistent Osmotic and Salinity Stress.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Rodriguez ◽  
D Mehta ◽  
M Tan ◽  
R G Uhrig
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Proteome Level

ABSTRACT Abiotic stresses such as drought result in large annual economic losses around the world. As sessile organisms, plants cannot escape the environmental stresses they encounter, but instead must adapt to survive. Studies investigating plant responses to osmotic and/or salt stress have largely focused on short-term systemic responses, leaving our understanding of intermediate to longer-term adaptation (24 h - days) lacking. In addition to protein abundance and phosphorylation changes, evidence suggests reversible lysine acetylation may also be important for abiotic stress responses. Therefore, to characterize the protein-level effects of osmotic and salt stress, we undertook a label-free proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana roots exposed to 300 mM Mannitol and 150 mM NaCl for 24 h. We assessed protein phosphorylation, lysine acetylation and changes in protein abundance, detecting significant changes in 245, 35 and 107 total proteins, respectively. Comparison with available transcriptome data indicates that transcriptome- and proteome-level changes occur in parallel, while PTMs do not. Further, we find significant changes in PTMs and protein abundance involve different proteins from the same networks, indicating a multifaceted regulatory approach to prolonged osmotic and salt stress. In particular, we find extensive protein-level changes involving sulphur metabolism under both osmotic and salt conditions as well as changes in protein kinases and transcription factors that may represent new targets for drought stress signaling. Collectively, we find that protein-level changes continue to occur in plant roots 24 h from the onset of osmotic and salt stress and that these changes differ across multiple proteome levels.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Characterization and Analysis of CIPK Gene Family in Two Cultivated Allopolyploid Cotton Species: Sequence Variation, Association with Seed Oil Content, and the Role of GhCIPK6

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Cui ◽  
Ying Su ◽  
Junjuan Wang ◽  
Bing Jia ◽  
Man Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Cotton Oil

Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), as key regulators, play an important role in plant growth and development and the response to various stresses. In the present study, we identified 80 and 78 CIPK genes in the Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively. The phylogenetic and gene structure analysis divided the cotton CIPK genes into five groups which were classified into an exon-rich clade and an exon-poor clade. A synteny analysis showed that segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of Gossypium CIPK gene family, and purifying selection played a major role in the evolution of the gene family in cotton. Analyses of expression profiles showed that GhCIPK genes had temporal and spatial specificity and could be induced by various abiotic stresses. Fourteen GhCIPK genes were found to contain 17 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and co-localized with oil or protein content quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Additionally, five SNPs from four GhCIPKs were found to be significantly associated with oil content in one of the three field tests. Although most GhCIPK genes were not associated with natural variations in cotton oil content, the overexpression of the GhCIPK6 gene reduced the oil content and increased C18:1 and C18:1+C18:1d6 in transgenic cotton as compared to wild-type plants. In addition, we predicted the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms of the GhCIPK genes. In brief, these results enhance our understanding of the roles of CIPK genes in oil synthesis and stress responses.

scholarly journals Global identification and analysis of microRNAs involved in salt stress responses in two alfalfa (Medicago sativa ‘Millennium’) lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-455
Author(s):  
Jin Ma ◽  
Yichun Wang ◽  
Jiayun Li
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Global Identification ◽  
Relative Electrical Conductivity

Alfalfa is an important economic crop; a mutant (M) strain was identified during planting and production. M plants consistently had better relative water content and relative electrical conductivity under higher salt conditions compared with the wild type (WT) plants, suggesting that M plants have higher tolerance for salt. To understand the microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in salt stress response in alfalfa, 128 miRNAs were identified from the WT and M alfalfa plants under normal and saline conditions. Of the 128 miRNAs, 29 and 23 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the M vs. WT control (M-CK vs. WT-CK) and salt-stressed M vs. WT (M-salt vs. WT-salt) comparison, respectively. These miRNAs responded to salt stress and showed different expression patterns after salt treatment. Their potential target genes were predicted and further analysed by GO classification and KEGG pathway analysis, where the majority of target genes were associated with plant growth and development, and exhibited significant changes in WT and M plants. In addition, compared with the WT plants, miR172-CNGC, miR319-CAX2, miR408-NHX and miR2590-CHX14/15 showed significant upregulation in M alfalfa plants, suggesting that M plants have higher ion transport levels. The differential expression profiles of miRNAs and putative target genes were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. It is speculated that these miRNAs are involved in the increased salt tolerance of the M alfalfa plants.

scholarly journals ARF family identification in Tamarix chinensis reveals the salt responsive expression of TcARF6 targeted by miR167

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youju Ye ◽  
Jianwen Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Li-an Xu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Digital Gene Expression ◽  
Tamarix Chinensis ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Group I

Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important transcription factors (TFs) that are differentially expressed in response to various abiotic stresses. The important roles of ARFs and small RNA-ARF pathways in mediating plant growth and stress responses have emerged in several recent studies. However, no studies on the involvement of ARFs in tamarisk trees, which are resistant to salinity, have been conducted. In this study, systematic analysis revealed 12 TcARF genes belonging to five different groups in Tamarix chinensis. The microRNA response elements of miR160, which belongs to group I and miR167, which belongs to group III, were conserved in terms of their location and sequence. Moreover, digital gene expression profiles suggested that a potential miR167 target gene, TcARF6, was rapidly expressed in response to salt stress. Cloning of TcARF6 revealed that TcARF6 could be an activation TF with a glutamine-rich region and expression pattern analysis revealed that the expression of TcARF6 was significantly downregulated specifically in the roots. A significant negative correlation in the expression pattern of tch-miR167/TcARF6 indicated that this module may play a key role in the response to salt stress. Overall, these results provide basic information on the posttranscriptional regulation of TcARF6 for future investigations of the T. chinensis salt-stress response.

scholarly journals Osa-miR820 regulatory node primes rice plants to tolerate salt stress in an agronomically advantageous manner

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Neeti Sanan-Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Methyl Transferase ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

AbstractPlant microRNAs (miRs) play an important role in regulating gene expression under normal and stressful environments. Here we report the functional implications on the role of Osa-miR820, which can be grouped as a young, rice-specific miR. It is a member of the class II transposon-derived small RNA family and is processed as 21-nt and 24-nt length variants, respectively. Size of the miR820 family varies from 1 to 16 across the Oryza AA genomes. The 21–nt Osa-miR820 negatively regulates a de novo methylase, OsDRM2 (domains rearranged methyl transferase) that prevents methylation of the CACTA transposon loci in the rice genome. In an earlier report we have detailed the expression profiles of Osa-miR820 and its target in abiotic stress responses using rice varieties exhibiting varying response to salt stress. In this study, artificial miR based approach was employed to specifically overexpress 21-nt Osa-miR820 in rice plants (OX-820). These plants exhibited enhanced vigour, ~25-30% increase in the number of spikelets per panicle and increased grain filling, under normal and salt stress conditions. The OX-820 lines showed a better water use efficiency and higher proline accumulation under salt stress. These plants can serve as a useful source for dissecting the molecular machinery governed by Osa-miR820:DRM2 node to prime tolerance to salt stress in an agronomically advantageous manner.

scholarly journals Analysis of Phytohormone Signal Transduction in Sophora alopecuroides under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7313
Author(s):  
Youcheng Zhu ◽  
Qingyu Wang ◽  
Ziwei Gao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yajing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Sophora Alopecuroides

Salt stress seriously restricts crop yield and quality, leading to an urgent need to understand its effects on plants and the mechanism of plant responses. Although phytohormones are crucial for plant responses to salt stress, the role of phytohormone signal transduction in the salt stress responses of stress-resistant species such as Sophora alopecuroides has not been reported. Herein, we combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses to evaluate expression changes of key genes and metabolites associated with plant hormone signal transduction in S. alopecuroides roots under salt stress for 0 h to 72 h. Auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroid, and gibberellin signals were predominantly involved in regulating S. alopecuroides growth and recovery under salt stress. Ethylene and jasmonic acid signals may negatively regulate the response of S. alopecuroides to salt stress. Abscisic acid and salicylic acid are significantly upregulated under salt stress, and their signals may positively regulate the plant response to salt stress. Additionally, salicylic acid (SA) might regulate the balance between plant growth and resistance by preventing reduction in growth-promoting hormones and maintaining high levels of abscisic acid (ABA). This study provides insight into the mechanism of salt stress response in S. alopecuroides and the corresponding role of plant hormones, which is beneficial for crop resistance breeding.

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