scholarly journals Physiological Response of Shallow-Water Hard Coral Acropora digitifera to Heat Stress via Fatty Acid Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Din Mohd Safuan ◽  
Muhammad Arif Samshuri ◽  
Siti Nurtahirah Jaafar ◽  
Chun Hong Tan ◽  
Zainudin Bachok
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Health Indicator ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Acropora Digitifera ◽  
Fa Composition

Heat stress disturbs the mutualistic relationship between the hard corals and the symbiotic algae, which cause coral bleaching. A wide array of biochemical parameters is used to demonstrate the phenomenon. This study exposed a shallow-water hard coral, Acropora digitifera, to a series of elevated temperatures over time while the interaction between Symbiodiniaceae (SD) density, antioxidants activities, fatty acid (FA) composition, and putative FA health indicators was evaluated. Heat stress caused a substantial loss in SD densities, consequently regulated the antioxidant activities and caused significant changes in FA composition. There was a lack of evidence showing A. digitifera experienced oxidative stress; nonetheless, a significant decrease of monounsaturated fatty acid as (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) during the thermally induced experiment demonstrated that corals utilize their unsaturated FA as a final barrier or as a repair system against oxidative damage once the antioxidant enzyme cannot cope with stress condition. The lower ratio of putative FA health indicators [i.e., n-3 LC:n-6 LC, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA):arachidonic acid (ARA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA):ARA] characterized an unhealthy coral. The loss of SD density was significantly correlated with certain PUFA markers [i.e., linolenic acid (18:3n6), 20:5n3, and 22:6n3] and putative FA health indicator (i.e., n-3 LC:n-6 LC, EPA:ARA, and DHA:ARA). These notably imply that the FA linked with the symbiont can be a potential health indicator for assessing the effect of the environmental stressor on coral. This study also revealed the regulation of FAs during stress conditions, especially when heterotrophic feeding is limited. Future studies on FA profiles toward antagonistic or synergistic effects will offer a better understanding of the nature of this relationship under a harsh climate.

Impact of an Infant Formula Containing a Novel Fat Blend (Cow’s Milk Fat, Fish and Vegetable Oil) and Prebiotics on Stool Fatty Acid Soaps and Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Profiles in Full-Term Healthy Newborns

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maroula Lambidou ◽  
Birgit Alteheld ◽  
Rolf Fimmers ◽  
Frank Jochum ◽  
Antonia Nomayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
And Control ◽  
Breast Fed

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Recently, new commercial infant formulas have been composed considering novel fat blends and oligosaccharides to better resemble the fatty acid (FA) composition and stereospecific distribution (e.g., increased amount of ß-palmitate) as well as probiotics content of human breast milk. We hypothesized that these newly composed infant formulas may decrease fecal FA soap excretion and may positively affect erythrocyte FA profiles compared with regular formulas. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Healthy infants were randomly assigned to receive a high-sn-2-palmitate formula (&#x3e;25% of the PA is esterified to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, verum: <i>n</i> = 30) or a “standard” formula containing &#x3c;10% of PA in sn-2 position and no oligosaccharides (control: <i>n</i> = 27); a non-randomized group of breast-fed infants served as control. Anthropometric data of the infants (body weight, recumbent length, and head circumference) were recorded at inclusion (visit 1) and 6 and 12 weeks after onset of intervention (visits 2 and 3). Blood samples for erythrocyte FA analysis (gas chromatography) were taken at visits 1 and 2; stool samples were collected at visit 2. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Quantitative formula intake (mL/kg body weight × day) at visit 2 (verum: 155 ± 30, control: 164 ± 30) and visit 3 (verum: 134 ± 26, control: 134 ± 21) was comparable. Six weeks after onset of intervention, stool total FA soaps, palmitate soaps, and total FAs were similar in both formula-fed groups but significantly higher than in breast-fed infants. During the 6-week intervention, erythrocyte palmitate decreased significantly from baseline in all 3 groups with no group differences (verum: 29.20 ± 1.17 to 27.12 ± 0.66, control: 29.88 ± 2.00 to 27.01 ± 0.94, breast-fed: 30.20 ± 0.86 to 26.84 ± 0.98). For selected FAs, significant changes over time in verum and control group were obvious but without formula effects. Some variations in the FA profile of breast-fed infants compared to both verum and control groups were observed. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In contrast to our hypothesis, feeding a newly composed infant formula based on a fat blend with 25% of PA in the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols and supplemented with a prebiotic could not decrease insoluble FA soap excretion compared with a standard product; in this respect, breastfeeding is obviously the best choice. Surprisingly, erythrocyte FA profiles were comparable in formula-fed and breast-fed infants; obvious alterations in FA composition of the respective fat sources and structure did not affect FA incorporation into membranes. Caution should be, however, exercised in drawing robust conclusions in the absence of larger, adequately powered intervention studies.

scholarly journals PSVII-18 Fatty acid composition of the longissimus muscle from Angus and Wagyu sired cattle at the 6th and 12th rib location

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 211-212
Author(s):  
Jerad Jaborek ◽  
Francis L Fluharty ◽  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Location Interaction

Abstract The fatty acid (FA) composition of the longissimus muscle (LM) of Angus and Wagyu sired cattle raised to a similar body weight (612 kg) were compared at the 6th and 12th rib locations. Angus sired steers represented T1, cattle from a Wagyu sire selected for growth represented T2, and cattle from a Wagyu sire selected for marbling represented T3. Data were analyzed mixed model with repeated measurements on animal (LM location); the model include the fixed effect of treatment, LM location, and their interaction, and random effect of sex. The percentage of 16:0, 18:1cis9, 18:3, and monounsaturated FA (MUFA) exhibited a treatment*LM location interaction (P ≤ 0.7), where T2 cattle had a greater percentage of 16:0 and a lesser percentage of 18:1cis9, 18:3, and MUFA at the 12th rib vs. 6th rib location compared with T1 and T3 cattle. The percentage of total FA lipid, polyunsaturated FA(PUFA), and PUFA:SFA ratio in the LM were greater (P ≤ 0.02) for T3 cattle compared with T1 and T2 cattle. The percentage of 18:0 was greater (P ≤ 0.01) for T1 cattle compared with T2 and T3 cattle, while T1 cattle had a greater (P ≤ 0.01) percentage of saturated FA (SFA) compared to T3 cattle. The percentage of 18:1cis9, other 18:1cis isomers, 18:2, MUFA, and MUFA:SFA ratio were greater (P ≤ 0.02) for T3 cattle compared with T1 cattle, with T2 cattle being intermediate. The percentage of total FA lipid, 18:0, 18:1 trans isomers, and SFA were greater (P ≤ 0.01) at the 6th rib LM location, while 14:1, 18:cis9, other 18:1 cis isomers, MUFA, MUFA:SFA, and PUFA:SFA ratio were greater (P ≤ 0.02) at the 12th rib LM location

scholarly journals Heat stress elicits remodeling in the anther lipidome of peanut

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zolian S. Zoong Lwe ◽  
Ruth Welti ◽  
Daniel Anco ◽  
Salman Naveed ◽  
Sachin Rustgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Susceptible Genotype ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Lipid Unsaturation ◽  
Fatty Acid Amount

AbstractUnderstanding the changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) anther lipidome under heat stress (HT) will aid in understanding the mechanisms of heat tolerance. We profiled the anther lipidome of seven genotypes exposed to ambient temperature (AT) or HT during flowering. Under AT and HT, the lipidome was dominated by phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and triacylglycerol (TAG) species (> 50% of total lipids). Of 89 lipid analytes specified by total acyl carbons:total carbon–carbon double bonds, 36:6, 36:5, and 34:3 PC and 34:3 PE (all contain 18:3 fatty acid and decreased under HT) were the most important lipids that differentiated HT from AT. Heat stress caused decreases in unsaturation indices of membrane lipids, primarily due to decreases in highly-unsaturated lipid species that contained 18:3 fatty acids. In parallel, the expression of Fatty Acid Desaturase 3-2 (FAD3-2; converts 18:2 fatty acids to 18:3) decreased under HT for the heat-tolerant genotype SPT 06-07 but not for the susceptible genotype Bailey. Our results suggested that decreasing lipid unsaturation levels by lowering 18:3 fatty-acid amount through reducing FAD3 expression is likely an acclimation mechanism to heat stress in peanut. Thus, genotypes that are more efficient in doing so will be relatively more tolerant to HT.

Effects of full-time v. part-time grazing on seasonal changes in milk coagulation properties and fatty acid composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Franziska S. Akert ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Carmen Kunz ◽  
Beat Reidy ◽  
Joel Berard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Milk Coagulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Feeding Systems

Abstract For this research communication our objective was to investigate to what extent milk coagulation properties and milk fatty acid (FA) composition were affected by different feeding systems, season and their interaction. Eighteen cows in total were subjected to one of three different feeding system treatments: full-time grazing or part-time grazing combined with indoor feeding of fresh grass with low or high concentrate supplementation. Milk was sampled in spring, summer and autumn. Milk coagulation time was 15.0, 19.0 and 17.7 min, coagulation dynamics 1.67, 3.41 and 1.79 min, and curd firmness 52.7, 32.4 and 47.0 mm in spring, summer and autumn, respectively. Thus, milk coagulation properties of the milk were lower during summer. There were strong seasonal effects on milk FA proportions, but there were not always changes with progressing season, or changes were different with respect to the impact of the feeding systems (system × season interaction). The milk fat was favourably rich in oleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid and had a low n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio in all systems. Factors like seasonal variations in grass composition and the energy balance of the cows were considered relevant for the milk FA composition. Overall, seasonal variations in milk quality were less pronounced with part-time grazing with fresh grass indoors as compared to full-time grazing without concentrate.

scholarly journals Effect of almond consumption on the serum fatty acid profile: a dose–response study

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Nishi ◽  
Cyril W. C. Kendall ◽  
Ana-Maria Gascoyne ◽  
Richard P. Bazinet ◽  
Balachandran Bashyam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Half Dose

Consumption of almonds has been shown to be associated with a decreased risk of CHD, which may be related to their fatty acid (FA) composition. However, the effect of almond consumption on the serum FA composition is not known. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether almond consumption would alter the serum FA profile and risk of CHD, as calculated using Framingham's 10-year risk score, in a dose-dependent manner in hyperlipidaemic individuals when compared with a higher-carbohydrate control group using dietary interventions incorporating almonds. A total of twenty-seven hyperlipidaemic individuals consumed three isoenergetic (mean 1770 kJ/d) supplements during three 1-month dietary phases: (1) full-dose almonds (50–100 g/d); (2) half-dose almonds with half-dose muffins; (3) full-dose muffins. Fasting blood samples were obtained at weeks 0 and 4 for the determination of FA concentrations. Almond intake (g/d) was found to be inversely associated with the estimated Framingham 10-year CHD risk score (P= 0·026). In both the half-dose and full-dose almond groups, the proportions of oleic acid (OA) and MUFA in the TAG fraction (half-almond: OA P= 0·003; MUFA P= 0·004; full-almond: OA P< 0·001; MUFA P< 0·001) and in the NEFA fraction (half-almond: OA P= 0·01; MUFA P= 0·04; full-almond: OA P= 0·12; MUFA P= 0·06) increased. The estimated Framingham 10-year CHD risk score was inversely associated with the percentage change of OA (P= 0·011) and MUFA (P= 0·016) content in the TAG fraction. The proportions of MUFA in the TAG and NEFA fractions were positively associated with changes in HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Similarly, the estimated Framingham 10-year CHD risk score was inversely associated with the percentage change of OA (P= 0·069) and MUFA content in the NEFA fraction (P= 0·009). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that almond consumption increases OA and MUFA content in serum TAG and NEFA fractions, which are inversely associated with CHD lipid risk factors and overall estimated 10-year CHD risk.

scholarly journals Characterization of planktonic and biofilm fatty acid profiles and evaluation of their trophic transfer potential to Hyalella Azteca

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Chien-Yao Chao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Transfer Potential

Fatty acid (FA) composition between biofilms and batch planktonic cultures were compared for two bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureaus. Biofilm cultures exhibited decrease in saturated fatty acids (SAFA) that potentially conform to a more fluidic biophysical membrane property. The amount of FA in the biofilms' extracellular polymeric substance was not sufficient to consider it having a major contribution to the observed differences between biofilms and batch planktonic cultures. While biofilm grazing by the amphipod Hyalella azteca was evident, only certain bacteria-specific FA appeared to have the potential to be retained (odd-number SAFA and branched-chain FA). H. azteca with diet strictly consisted of bacteria biofilms did not demonstrate significant changes in their nutritional condition in terms of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA): combined with the results from fasting trials, H. azteca appears to have the capacity to retain ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs up to 10 days.

scholarly journals Heat Stress Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolomic Profiles in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyue Wen ◽  
Siyu Li ◽  
Jiaojiao Wang ◽  
Yimin Zhu ◽  
Xin Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundHeat stress has negative effects on the intestinal health of humans and animals. However, the impact of heat stress on intestinal microbial and metabolic changes remains elusive. Here, we investigated the cecal microbial and metabolic profiles in mice in response to heat stress.MethodsThe mouse heat stress model was constructed by simulating a high-temperature environment. Twenty mice were randomly assigned to two groups, the control group (CON, 25°C) and the heat treatment group (HS, 40°C from 13:00 to 15:00 every day for 7 days). Serum and cecal contents were collected from the mice for serum biochemical analysis, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and non-targeted metabolomics.ResultsBoth core body temperature and water intake were significantly increased in the HS group. Serum biochemical indicators were also affected, including significantly increased triglyceride and decreased low-density lipoprotein in the heat stress group. The composition and structure of intestinal microbiota were remarkably altered in the HS group. At the species level, the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-Japan and Lactobacillus murinus significantly reduced, while that of Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3-1 obviously increased after HS. Metabolomic analysis of the cecal contents clearly distinguished metabolite changes between the groups. The significantly different metabolites identified were mainly involved in the fatty acid synthesis, purine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, glyceride metabolism, and plasmalogen synthesis.ConclusionIn summary, high temperature disrupted the homeostatic balance of the intestinal microbiota in mice and also induced significant alterations in intestinal metabolites. This study provides a basis for treating intestinal disorders caused by elevated temperature in humans and animals and can further formulate nutritional countermeasures to reduce heat stress-induced damage.

scholarly journals Comparative study of properties and fatty acid composition of some neat vegetable oils and waste cooking oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omojola Awogbemi ◽  
Emmanuel Idoko Onuh ◽  
Freddie L Inambao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Cooking Oils

Abstract Vegetable oils have been used as a feedstock for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production. The high cost of neat vegetable oil and its impact on food security have necessitated its replacement as a feedstock for FAME by used vegetable oil, also known as waste cooking oil (WCO). This study compares the properties and fatty acid (FA) compositions of samples of neat vegetable oil with those of samples of WCO, collected from restaurants and takeaway outlets at the point of disposal. The samples were subjected to property determination and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometer (PYGCMS) analysis. Analysis showed that degree of usage and the type of food items originally fried in the oil substantially affected its properties and FA composition. Density of neat vegetable oil varied between 904.3 and 919.7 kg/m3 and of WCO between 904.3 and 923.2 kg/m3. The pH of neat vegetable oil varied between 7.38 and 8.63 and of WCO between 5.13 and 6.61. The PYGCMS analysis showed that neat palm oil contains 87.7% unsaturated FA and 12.3% saturated FA, whereas neat sunfoil contains 74.37% saturated FA and 25% polyunsaturated FA. Generally, neat vegetable oils consisted mainly of saturated FAs and polyunsaturated FAs, whereas the WCO contained mainly of saturated FAs and monounsaturated FAs. This research confirms the suitability of WCO as feedstock for FAME.

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